Çocukların Eğitiminde Aile Katılımı: Gana’daki Ebeveynlerin ve Öğretmenlerin Deneyimleri

Öz

Çocukların eğitiminin sağlanması, eğitimsel deneyimde temel içeriklerden birisi olarak aile katılımıyla bazı etmenlerin birbiriyle etkileşimini gerektirmektedir. Öte yandan bazı ebeveynlerin çocuklarının eğitimine katılımları hem kırsal hem kentsel topluluklarda benzer olarak düşük bulunmuştur. Bu, ebeveynlerin çocuklarının eğitimine katılına atfedilen olumlu etkilerin katılımına yol açmaktadır. Bu yüzden Gana Üniversitesi Temel Okulu’ndaki çocukların ebeveynleri ve ilkokul dört, beş ve altıncı sınıf öğretmenleriyle çocukların eğitiminde aile katılımını motive eden ve kısıtlayan etmenler üzerinde tahkik etmek için nitel araştırma yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar çocukların eğitiminde katılım sağlama ya da katılım sağlamama durumlarıyla alakalı bilgi ve deneyimlerine göre amaca göre seçilmiştir. Bulgular velilerin çocuklarının eğitimlerine katılımlarını onlara vermeleri beklenen bir eğitimin parçası olarak görme düşüncesi onların katılımını motive ettiğini gösterdi. Ebeveynlerin çocuklarının eğitimine katılımının önündeki engeller, ekonomik sebepler dolayısıyla onları meşgul eden yüksek yaşam maliyetleri ve bazı ebeveynlerin onları sadece çocuklarının eğitim masraflarından fazlasını yapamayacağını düşündüren bilgisizlik dolayısıyla yaşanan düşük öz güvendir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• velilerin motivasyonu,aile katılımı,okul,denetim,öğretmenler

Parental Participation in Children’s Education: Experiences of Parents and Teachers in Ghana

Abstract

The engenderment of children’s education requires the interplay of several factors with parental involvement as a key ingredient in the educational experience. However, some parents’ participation in their children’s education has been found to be low in both rural and urban communities alike. This has led to the loss of the positive effects attributed to parent’s participation in their children’s education. A qualitative research was therefore conducted with parents of pupils in the University of Ghana Basic School as well as the teachers of primary classes four, five and six, to interrogate factors that motivate and inhibit parents’ participation in children’s education. Participants were purposively sampled due to their experience and knowledge in issues related to parents’ participation and non-participation in their children’s education. Findings revealed that parents’ belief that their participation in their children’s education is part of the training they are supposed to give them has motivated them to participate. Barriers to parental participation in their children’s education include the high cost of living which keeps parents preoccupied with economic ventures, and low self-esteem due to some parents’ illiteracy which makes them feel they cannot offer much besides paying their children’s school fees. 

Keywords

• parental participation,Parents’ motivation,school,supervision,teachers

References

1. Ali, S., Haider, Z., Munir, F., Khan, H. & Ahmed, A. (2013). Factors contributing to the students’ academic performance: A case study of Islamia University Sub-Campus. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(8), 283-289.
2. Altschul, I. (2011). Parental involvement and the academic achievement of Mexican American youths: What kinds of involvement in youths' education matter most? Social Work Research, 35(3), 159-170.
3. Bracey, G., W. (2001). School involvement and the working poor. Phi Delta Kappan, 82 (10), 795-797.
4. Castro, M., Exposito-Casas, E., Lopez-Martin, E., Lizasoain, L., Navarro-Asencio, E., Gaviria, J., L. (2015).Parental involvement on student academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review 14, 33–46.
5. Creswell, J.W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
6. Creswell J.W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design. Choosing among five approaches (third edition). Los Angeles: Sage Publication.
7. Epstein, J. L., & Van Voorhis, F. L. (2001). More than minutes: Teachers roles in designing homework. Educational Psychologist, 36, 181–193.
8. Gonzalez-DeHass, A., Willems, P., & Holbein, M. (2005). Examining the relationship between parental involvement and student motivation. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 99–123.

9. Green, C. L., Walker, J. M. T., Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (2007). Parents’ motivation for involvement in children’s education: An empirical test of a theoretical model of parental involvement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 532–544.
10. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins, A. S., Closson, K. (2005). Why do parents become involved? Research findings and implications. The Elementary School Journal, 106, 105–130.
11. Hornby, G. & Lafaele, R. (2011). Barriers to parental involvement in education: An explanatory model. Educational Review, 63(1), 37-52.
12. Huang, G. H. C., & Mason, K. L. (2008). Motivations of parental involvement in children's learning: Voices from urban African American families of preschoolers. Multicultural Education, 15(3), 20-27.
13. Jasso, J. (2007). African American and non-Hispanic White parental involvement in the education of elementary school-aged children. Syracuse: Syracuse University.
14. Mo, Y., & Singh, K. (2008). Parents’ relationships and involvement: Effects on students’ school engagement and performance. RMLE online, 31(10), 1-11.
15. Montesinos, L. (2004). Educating Latino children: A challenge for parents, educators, and the Nation. PsycCRITIQUES-Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 49(3).
16. Ong, L., C., Chandran, V., Lim, Y., Y., Chen, A., H., Poh, B., K. (2010). Factors associated with poor academic achievement among urban primary school children in Malaysia. Singapore Medical Journal, 51(3), 247-252.
17. Pomerantz, E. M., Moorman, E. A., & Litwack, S. D. (2007). The how, whom, and why of parents’ involvement in children’s academic lives: More is not always better. Review of Educational Research, 77, 373–410.
18. Quiocho, A. M., & Daoud, A. M. (2006). Dispelling myths about Latino parent participation in schools. The Educational Forum, 70(3), 255-267.
19. Reed, R. P., Jones, K. P., Walker, J. M., & Hoover-Dempsey, K. V. (2000). Parents' motivations for involvement in children's education: Testing a theoretical model. Retrieved on 1st May, 2019 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED444109.pdf
20. Romo, H., & Falbo, T. (1996). Latino high school graduation: Defying the odds. Austin: University of Texas Press.
21. Sheldon, S. B. (2002). Parents' social networks and beliefs as predictors of parent involvement. The elementary school journal, 102(4), 301-316.
22. Smith, J., Stern, K., & Shatrova, Z. (2008). Factors inhibiting Hispanic parents' school involvement. Rural Educator, 29(2), 8-13.
23. Smrekar, C., & Cohen-Vogel, L. (2001). The voices of parents: Rethinking the intersection of family and school. Peabody Journal of Education, 76(2), 75-100.
24. Swap, S. M. (1993). Developing home-school partnerships: From concepts to practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
25. Trotman, M. F. (2001). Involving African American parents: Recommendations to increase the level of parent involvement with African American families. The Journal of Negro Education, 70, 275-285.
26. Turney, K., & Kao, G. (2009). Barriers to school involvement: Are immigrant parents disadvantaged?. The Journal of Educational Research, 102(4), 257-271.
27. Watson. G., L., Sanders-Lawson, E., R. & McNeal, L. (2012). Understanding Parental Involvement in American Public Education. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2 (19), 41-50.