Bireysel Farklılıklar Kapsamında Çevrimiçi Öğrenme Araştırmalarına İlişkin Sistematik Bir Derleme

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1003 - 1018, 24.10.2018

Hale Ilgaz

https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.407289

Cited By: 8

Abstract

e-Öğrenme aynı anda büyük kitlelere ulaşmada, eğitim-öğretim faaliyetleri yürütmede etkili, hızlı ve verimli çözümler sunabilmektedir. Birbirinden farklı özelliklere sahip katılımcıların bulunduğu bu ortamlarda bireylere çeşitlendirilmiş olsa da ideal kullanıcı varsayımına göre içerik türleri sunulmaktadır. Oysaki her birey doğuştan getirdiği ve sonradan kazandığı bir takım özelliklere sahiptir. Bu bireysel farklılıklar da öğrenme ortamlarında etkili öğrenme deneyimleri sağlayabilmek adına önemlidir. Bu bağlamda alanyazın incelendiğinde de bireysel farklılıkları odağına alan birçok e-öğrenme çalışması olduğu görülmektedir. Kişilik özellikleri, bilişsel özellikler, geçmiş öğrenme deneyimleri gibi sıralanabilen bu değişkenlerin bireylerin akademik başarılarına, motivasyonlarına, katılım düzeylerine ve sistemde kalmalarına olan etkileri ve aralarındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı sistematik bir alanyazın taraması gerçekleştirilerek, 2010-2017 yılları arasında yayınlanan çalışmalara konu olan bireysel farklılıkların belirlenmesi ve bu farklılıkların hangi bağımlı değişkenlerle incelendiğinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu kapsamda belirlenen alanyazın tarama kriterlerine göre (anahtar kelimeler, seçim kriterleri, yöntem) ISI Web of Knowledge, Ebscohost, Scopus ve JSTOR veritabanlarında taramalar gerçekleştirilmiş olup 38 makale çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Öne çıkan bulgular bireysel farklılıklar bağlamında bilişsel özelliklerin diğer değişkenlere oranla daha az incelendiğini gösterirken en fazla incelenen değişkenlerin demografik değişkenler ve kişilik özellikleri oldukları bulunmuştur.

Keywords

bireysel farklılıklar, e-öğrenme, sistematik derleme

A Systematic Review of Online Learning Researches in the Context of Individual Differences

Abstract

Online learning has been offering practical,
efficient and effective solutions for reaching out big groups of learners in
terms of learning and education. In these environments, where the participants
have distinct properties, although the contents have been diversified, it has
been represented with the assumption of ideal user. These environments consist
many people who have very distinct properties from each other. Even if the
presented content has been diversified, mostly it is designed for the ideal
user. However, every person has some individual characteristics, which can be
natal and acquired in time. These individual differences are important in order
to provide effective learning experiences in learning environments. In this
context when the e-learning studies analyzed it can be seen that there are
several studies, which focused on individual differences. In these studies, the
effects of the variables such as personal traits, cognitive characteristics,
and prior learning experiences on individuals’ academic success, motivation,
participation levels, and staying on system, and the relationships had been analyzed.
The main objective of this study is conducting a systematic review with the aim
of identifying which individual differences studied and their relationships
with other variables between 2010-2017 years. In this context, researcher
defined review criteria (keywords, selection criteria, method) and conducted
review process. According to search results, 38 research articles have been
included in this study. Prominent results show that cognitive differences have
been worked less in comparison with the other variables in terms of individual
differences perspective, while the most worked variables are demographic
variables and personal traits. 

Keywords

individual differences, e-learning, systematic review

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