Organizational Gossip and Teachers: Threat or Opportunity?
Year 2022,
Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 816 - 838, 31.10.2022
Bünyamin Ağalday
,
Serdar Bozan
Abstract
This research examines teachers' perceptions of gossip in schools. The research employed an explanatory approach of the mixed methods. Quantitative data were obtained through the "Organizational Gossip Scale," and qualitative data were obtained through the semi-structured interview form. Quantitative data were collected from 302 teachers selected by simple random sampling method in secondary schools in Mardin, Turkey. Qualitative data were collected from ten teachers chosen by the maximum variation sampling method. The results showed that gossip could be seen as an opportunity to have information in schools and develop relationships. Still, it can also be a threat in terms of organizational harm. As a conclusion, the significance of gossip in informal processes in schools was emphasized. Implications were made to practitioners and researchers that the threat aspect could be turned into an opportunity.
References
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- Anthony, S. (1992). The influence of personal characteristics on rumor knowledge and transmission among the deaf. American Annals of the Deaf, 137, 44-47. https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0413.
- Arabacı, İ. B., Sünkür, M., & Şimşek, F. Z. (2012). Teachers' views regarding gossip and rumour mechanism: A qualitative study. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(2), 171-190.
- Baumeister, R. F., Zhang, L., & Vohs, K. D. (2004). Gossip as cultural learning. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 111-121.
- Brondino, N., Fusar-Poli, L., & Politi, P. (2017). Something to talk about: Gossip increases oxytocin levels in a near real-life situation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 77, 218-224. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.014.
- Campell, R. F., Corbally, J. E., & Nystrand, R. O. (1983). Introduction to educational administration. Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
- Crampton, S., Hodge, J., & Mishra, J. (1998). The informal communication network: Factors influencing grapevine activity. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 569-584. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700410.
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd Edition). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
- Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. A. Tashakkori ve C. Teddlie (Ed.). Advanced mixed methods research designs (pp. 223-227). Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
- De Mare, G. (1989). Communicating: The key to establishing good working relationships. Price Waterhouse Review, 33, 30-37.
- DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor psychology, social and organizational approaches. American Psychological Association, 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC.
- Dunbar, R. I. M. (2004). Gossip in evolutionary perspective. Review of General Psychology, 8, 100-110.
- Eden, D. (2001). Who controls the teachers? Overt and Covert Control in Schools', Educational Management and Administration, 29(1), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100.
- Emler, N. (1994). Gossip, reputation, and social adaptation. In R. F. Goodman & A. Ben- Ze'ev (Eds.), Good gossip (pp. 117-138). University Press of Kansas.
- Fritzell, C. (1996). Pedagogical split vision. Educational Theory, 46(2), 203-16.
- Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78-99.
- Gabriels, K., & Backer, C. J. (2016). Virtual gossip: How gossip regulates moral life in virtual worlds. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 683-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.065.
- George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). Reliability and validity assessment, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
- Green, S. B., & Salkind, N.J. (2005). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (4.edt.). New Jersey:Pearson.
- Grosser, T., Lopez–Kidwell, V., & Labianca, G. (2010). A social network analysis of positive and negative gossip in organizational life. Group & Organizations Management, 35(2), 177-214.
- Guerin, B., & Miyazaki, Y. (2006). Analyzing grumors, gossip, and urban legends through their conversational properties. Psychological Record, 56(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395535.
- Hallett, T., Harger, B., & Eder, D. (2009). Gossip at work: Unsanctioned evaluative talk in formal school meetings. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(5), 584-618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241609342117.
- Han, B., & Dağlı, A. (2018). Organizational gossip scale: Validity and reliability study. Turkish Studies, 13(27), 829-846. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14374
- Hannerz, U. (1967) Gossip, networks, and culture in a black American ghetto. Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, 32, 35-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1967.9980988.
- Himmetoğlu, B., Ayduğ, D., & Bayrak, C. (2020). School administrators' opinions on rumor and gossip network as an informal communication type in schools. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 49(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.655071.
- Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (1996). Qualitative research for nurses. Blackwell Science Ltd.
- Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2010) Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice (8th edn.). London: McGraw-Hill.
- Karakütük, K., Tunç, B., Bülbül, T., Özdem, G., Taşdan, M., Çelikkaleli, Ö., & Ayram, A. (2014). Examining the relationship between school size and school climate in public high schools. Education and Science, 39(171), 304-316.
- Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Kuo, C., Chang, K., Quinton, S., Lu, C., & Lee, I. (2015). Gossip in the workplace and the implications for HR management: A study of gossip and its relationship to employee cynicism. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(18), 2288-2307. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.985329.
- Kurland, N. B., & Pelled, L. H. (2000). Passing the word: Toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. The Academy of Management Review, 25(2), 428-438. https://doi.org/10.2307/259023.
- Leaper, C., & Holliday, H. (1995). Gossip in same-gender and cross-gender friends' conversations. Personal Relationships, 2, 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00089.x.
- Lee, H. M., Chou, M. J., & Wu, H. T. (2016). Effect of workplace negative gossip on preschool teachers' job performance: Coping strategies as moderating variable. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 4(6), 1-13.
- Levent, F., & Türkmenoğlu, G. (2019). Opinions of school administrators on gossip and gossip management. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(17), 787-814. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.518272.
- Lind, P. G., Silva, L. R., Andrade, J. S., & Herrmann, H. J. (2007). The spread of gossip in American schools. Europhysics Letters (EPL), 78(6), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/78/68005.
- Litman, J. A., Huang, C., & Chang, H. (2009). Development and validation of a Chinese version of the attitudes towards gossip scale. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 10(2), 131-150.
- McAndrew, F. T. (2014). The "sword of a woman": Gossip and female aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(3), 196-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.04.006
- Michelson, G., & Mouly, V. S. (2004). Do loose lips sink ships? The meaning, antecedents, and consequences of rumour and gossip in organizations. Corporate Communications, 9, 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280410551114
- Mills, C. E. (2010). Experiencing gossip: The foundations for a theory of embedded organizational gossip. Group and Organization Management, 35(2), 213-240.
- Mishra, M. J. (1990). Managing the grapevine. Public Personnel Management, 19, 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609001900209.
- Nevo, O., Nevo, B., & Derech-Zehavi, A. (1993). The development of the tendency to gossip questionnaire: Construct and concurrent validation for a sample of Israeli college students. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53(4), 973-981.
- Noon, M., & Delbridge, R. (1993). News from behind my hand: Gossip in organizations. Organization Studies, 14, 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069301400103.
- Patton, M.Q. (2005). Qualitative research. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
- Rauschenberg, G. (1988). Cultivating the grapevine. Phi Delta Kappan, 70(4), 328-30.
- Ribeiro, V. A., & Blakeley, J. A. (1995). The proactive management of rumor and gossip. JONA, 25, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-199506000-00010.
- Roberts, K. H. (1984). Communicating in organizations. Science Research Associatess.
- Rosnow, R. L. (1977). Gossip and marketplace psychology. Journal of Communication, 27(1), 158-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1977.tb01811.x
- Schad, E. (2017). No time to talk! Teachers' perceptions of organizational communication: Context and climate. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 20, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217739358
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
- Sergiovanni, T. S., & Starratt, R. J. (1988). Supervision: Human perspectives. Mc Graw Hill.
- Stirling, R. B. (1956). Some psychological mechanisms operative in gossip. Social Forces, 34, 262- 267. https://doi.org/10.2307/2574050
- Tekgöz, A. (2013). Sexuality of gossip: The role of gossip in rebuilding the identity of women (Unpublished master’s thesis). Fırat University, Elazığ.
Türköne, M. (1995). Eski Türk toplumunda cinsiyet kültürü. Ark Yayınevi.
- Vaidyanathan, B., Khalsa, S., & Ecklund, E. H. (2016). Gossip as social control: Informal sanctions on ethical violations in scientific workplaces. Social Problems, 63(4), 554-572. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spw022.
- van Iterson, A., & Clegg, S. R. (2008). The politics of gossip and denial in interorganizational relations. Human Relations, 61(8), 1117-1137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094862.
- Wang, Q., Hu, W., Ouyang, X., Chen, H., Yijing Qi, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2020). The relationship between negative school gossip and suicide intention in Chinese junior high school students: The mediating effect of academic burnout and gender difference. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105272
- Watson, D. C. (2011). Gossip and the self. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(7), 1818-1833. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00772.x.
- Wert, S. R., & Salovey, P. (2004). A social comparison account of gossip. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 122-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.122
- Wu, L., Birtch, T. A., Chiang, F. F., & Zhang, H. (2018). Perceptions of negative workplace gossip a self- consistency theory framework. Journal of Management, 44(5), 1873-1898.
Year 2022,
Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 816 - 838, 31.10.2022
Bünyamin Ağalday
,
Serdar Bozan
References
- Algharabali, N. A., Shuqair, K. M., & Almubayei, D. S. (2014). 'Good teacher, bad teacher'- investigating gossip in a women's college in Kuwait. British Journal of Education, 2(4), 1-16.
- Anthony, S. (1992). The influence of personal characteristics on rumor knowledge and transmission among the deaf. American Annals of the Deaf, 137, 44-47. https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2012.0413.
- Arabacı, İ. B., Sünkür, M., & Şimşek, F. Z. (2012). Teachers' views regarding gossip and rumour mechanism: A qualitative study. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(2), 171-190.
- Baumeister, R. F., Zhang, L., & Vohs, K. D. (2004). Gossip as cultural learning. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 111-121.
- Brondino, N., Fusar-Poli, L., & Politi, P. (2017). Something to talk about: Gossip increases oxytocin levels in a near real-life situation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 77, 218-224. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.12.014.
- Campell, R. F., Corbally, J. E., & Nystrand, R. O. (1983). Introduction to educational administration. Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
- Crampton, S., Hodge, J., & Mishra, J. (1998). The informal communication network: Factors influencing grapevine activity. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 569-584. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609802700410.
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd Edition). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
- Creswell, J. W., Clark, V. L. P., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. A. Tashakkori ve C. Teddlie (Ed.). Advanced mixed methods research designs (pp. 223-227). Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications.
- De Mare, G. (1989). Communicating: The key to establishing good working relationships. Price Waterhouse Review, 33, 30-37.
- DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor psychology, social and organizational approaches. American Psychological Association, 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC.
- Dunbar, R. I. M. (2004). Gossip in evolutionary perspective. Review of General Psychology, 8, 100-110.
- Eden, D. (2001). Who controls the teachers? Overt and Covert Control in Schools', Educational Management and Administration, 29(1), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100.
- Emler, N. (1994). Gossip, reputation, and social adaptation. In R. F. Goodman & A. Ben- Ze'ev (Eds.), Good gossip (pp. 117-138). University Press of Kansas.
- Fritzell, C. (1996). Pedagogical split vision. Educational Theory, 46(2), 203-16.
- Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 78-99.
- Gabriels, K., & Backer, C. J. (2016). Virtual gossip: How gossip regulates moral life in virtual worlds. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 683-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.065.
- George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). Reliability and validity assessment, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
- Green, S. B., & Salkind, N.J. (2005). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (4.edt.). New Jersey:Pearson.
- Grosser, T., Lopez–Kidwell, V., & Labianca, G. (2010). A social network analysis of positive and negative gossip in organizational life. Group & Organizations Management, 35(2), 177-214.
- Guerin, B., & Miyazaki, Y. (2006). Analyzing grumors, gossip, and urban legends through their conversational properties. Psychological Record, 56(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395535.
- Hallett, T., Harger, B., & Eder, D. (2009). Gossip at work: Unsanctioned evaluative talk in formal school meetings. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 38(5), 584-618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241609342117.
- Han, B., & Dağlı, A. (2018). Organizational gossip scale: Validity and reliability study. Turkish Studies, 13(27), 829-846. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14374
- Hannerz, U. (1967) Gossip, networks, and culture in a black American ghetto. Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, 32, 35-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1967.9980988.
- Himmetoğlu, B., Ayduğ, D., & Bayrak, C. (2020). School administrators' opinions on rumor and gossip network as an informal communication type in schools. Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 49(1), 45-72. https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.655071.
- Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (1996). Qualitative research for nurses. Blackwell Science Ltd.
- Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2010) Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice (8th edn.). London: McGraw-Hill.
- Karakütük, K., Tunç, B., Bülbül, T., Özdem, G., Taşdan, M., Çelikkaleli, Ö., & Ayram, A. (2014). Examining the relationship between school size and school climate in public high schools. Education and Science, 39(171), 304-316.
- Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Kuo, C., Chang, K., Quinton, S., Lu, C., & Lee, I. (2015). Gossip in the workplace and the implications for HR management: A study of gossip and its relationship to employee cynicism. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(18), 2288-2307. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.985329.
- Kurland, N. B., & Pelled, L. H. (2000). Passing the word: Toward a model of gossip and power in the workplace. The Academy of Management Review, 25(2), 428-438. https://doi.org/10.2307/259023.
- Leaper, C., & Holliday, H. (1995). Gossip in same-gender and cross-gender friends' conversations. Personal Relationships, 2, 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00089.x.
- Lee, H. M., Chou, M. J., & Wu, H. T. (2016). Effect of workplace negative gossip on preschool teachers' job performance: Coping strategies as moderating variable. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 4(6), 1-13.
- Levent, F., & Türkmenoğlu, G. (2019). Opinions of school administrators on gossip and gossip management. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(17), 787-814. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.518272.
- Lind, P. G., Silva, L. R., Andrade, J. S., & Herrmann, H. J. (2007). The spread of gossip in American schools. Europhysics Letters (EPL), 78(6), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/78/68005.
- Litman, J. A., Huang, C., & Chang, H. (2009). Development and validation of a Chinese version of the attitudes towards gossip scale. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 10(2), 131-150.
- McAndrew, F. T. (2014). The "sword of a woman": Gossip and female aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(3), 196-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.04.006
- Michelson, G., & Mouly, V. S. (2004). Do loose lips sink ships? The meaning, antecedents, and consequences of rumour and gossip in organizations. Corporate Communications, 9, 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280410551114
- Mills, C. E. (2010). Experiencing gossip: The foundations for a theory of embedded organizational gossip. Group and Organization Management, 35(2), 213-240.
- Mishra, M. J. (1990). Managing the grapevine. Public Personnel Management, 19, 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609001900209.
- Nevo, O., Nevo, B., & Derech-Zehavi, A. (1993). The development of the tendency to gossip questionnaire: Construct and concurrent validation for a sample of Israeli college students. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53(4), 973-981.
- Noon, M., & Delbridge, R. (1993). News from behind my hand: Gossip in organizations. Organization Studies, 14, 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069301400103.
- Patton, M.Q. (2005). Qualitative research. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
- Rauschenberg, G. (1988). Cultivating the grapevine. Phi Delta Kappan, 70(4), 328-30.
- Ribeiro, V. A., & Blakeley, J. A. (1995). The proactive management of rumor and gossip. JONA, 25, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-199506000-00010.
- Roberts, K. H. (1984). Communicating in organizations. Science Research Associatess.
- Rosnow, R. L. (1977). Gossip and marketplace psychology. Journal of Communication, 27(1), 158-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1977.tb01811.x
- Schad, E. (2017). No time to talk! Teachers' perceptions of organizational communication: Context and climate. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 20, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217739358
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
- Sergiovanni, T. S., & Starratt, R. J. (1988). Supervision: Human perspectives. Mc Graw Hill.
- Stirling, R. B. (1956). Some psychological mechanisms operative in gossip. Social Forces, 34, 262- 267. https://doi.org/10.2307/2574050
- Tekgöz, A. (2013). Sexuality of gossip: The role of gossip in rebuilding the identity of women (Unpublished master’s thesis). Fırat University, Elazığ.
Türköne, M. (1995). Eski Türk toplumunda cinsiyet kültürü. Ark Yayınevi.
- Vaidyanathan, B., Khalsa, S., & Ecklund, E. H. (2016). Gossip as social control: Informal sanctions on ethical violations in scientific workplaces. Social Problems, 63(4), 554-572. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spw022.
- van Iterson, A., & Clegg, S. R. (2008). The politics of gossip and denial in interorganizational relations. Human Relations, 61(8), 1117-1137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094862.
- Wang, Q., Hu, W., Ouyang, X., Chen, H., Yijing Qi, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2020). The relationship between negative school gossip and suicide intention in Chinese junior high school students: The mediating effect of academic burnout and gender difference. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105272
- Watson, D. C. (2011). Gossip and the self. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(7), 1818-1833. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00772.x.
- Wert, S. R., & Salovey, P. (2004). A social comparison account of gossip. Review of General Psychology, 8(2), 122-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.122
- Wu, L., Birtch, T. A., Chiang, F. F., & Zhang, H. (2018). Perceptions of negative workplace gossip a self- consistency theory framework. Journal of Management, 44(5), 1873-1898.