The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience in the Relationship between Quality of School Life and School Burnout

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 287 - 304, 30.04.2023

Selim Gündoğan

https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1191874

Cited By: 1

Abstract

School burnout is a common problem in students. Therefore, it is a situation that negatively affects students. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological resilience (PR) in the relationship between quality of school life (QSL) and school burnout (SB). The data of the study were collected by using the “QSL Scale”, “SB Scale” and “PR Scale”. The study group of the current study is comprised of a total of 325 middle school students aged 10 to 15. Of these 325 students, 163 (50.2%) are females, and 162 (49.8%) are males. In the analysis of the collected data, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis were used. As a result of the SEM analysis, it was found that QSL has a positive effect on PR and a negative effect on SB. PR was found to have a negative effect on SB. Moreover, PR was found to have a partially mediator role in the relationship between QSL and SB. Overall, it can be argued that improving students’ perception of QSL will have positive effects on their PR and on their attempts to cope with SB.

Keywords

Quality of school life, school burnout, psychological resilience, mediation model

References

• Aldridge, J. M., Fraser, B. J., Fozdar, F., Ala’i, K., Earnest, J., & Afari, E. (2016). Students’ perceptions of school climate as determinants of wellbeing, resilience and identity. Improving schools, 19(1), 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480215612616
• Aldridge, J. M., McChesney, K., & Afari, E. (2020). Associations between school climate and student life satisfaction: resilience and bullying as mediating factors. Learning Environments Research, 23(1), 129-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-019-09296-9
• Allan, J. F., McKenna, J., & Dominey, S. (2014). Degrees of resilience: profiling psychological resilience and prospective academic achievement in university inductees. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 42(1), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2013.793784
• Arslan, G. (2015). Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin (ÇGPSÖ) psikometrik özellikleri: Geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Psychometric Properties of child and youth resilience measure (CYRM-12): The study of reliability and validity]. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 16(1), 1-12.
• Aypay, A. (2017). A positive model for reducing and preventing school burnout in high school students. Educational Sciences- Theory & Practice, 17(4),1345-1359. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2017.4.0173
• Barakat, L. P., Daniel, L. C., Smith, K., Renée Robinson, M., & Patterson, C. A. (2014). Parental problem-solving abilities and the association of sickle cell disease complications with health-related quality of life for school-age children. Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings, 21(1), 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-013-9379-7
• Bask, M., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2013). Burned out to drop out: Exploring the relationship between school burnout and school dropout. European journal of psychology of education, 28(2), 511-528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0126-5
• Bayram, N. (2010). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş AMOS uygulamaları. Ezgi Kitabevi.
• Bilge, F., Tuzgol Dost, M., & Cetin, B. (2014). Factors affecting burnout and school engagement among high school students: study habits, self-efficacy beliefs, and academic success. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(5), 1721-1727. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.5.1727
• Bitsika, V., Heyne, D. A., & Sharpley, C. F. (2022). The inverse association between psychological resilience and emerging school refusal among bullied autistic youth. Research in developmental disabilities, 120, 104121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104121
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1992). Ecological systems theory. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (1995). Developmental ecology through space and time: A future perspective. In P. Moen, G. H. Elder, Jr., & K. Lüscher (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development (pp. 619–647). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10176-018
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Ecological systems theory (1992). In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 106–173). Sage Publications Ltd.
• Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Routledge.
• Cassidy, S. (2015). Resilience building in students: The role of academic self-efficacy. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01781
• Cenkseven-Onder, F., & Sari, M. (2009). The quality of school life and burnout as predictors of subjective well-being among teachers. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 9(3), 1223-1235.
• Cheng, J., Zhao, Y. Y., Wang, J., & Sun, Y. H. (2020). Academic burnout and depression of Chinese medical students in the pre-clinical years: the buffering hypothesis of resilience and social support. Psychology, health & medicine, 25(9), 1094-1105. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1709651
• Collins, S. (2008). Statutory social workers: Stress, job satisfaction, coping, social support and individual differences. British journal of social work, 38(6), 1173-1193. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm047
• Coutu, D. L. (2002). How resilience works. Harvard Business Review, 80(5), 46-56.
• Cummins, R. A. (2005). Moving from the quality of life concept to a theory. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(10), 699-706. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00738.x
• Durmuş, E., Aypay, A., & Aybek, E. C. (2017). Parental monitoring and positive school climate in preventing school burnout. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 23(3), 355-386. https://doi.org/10.14527/kuey.2017.013
• Epstein, J. L., & McPartland, J. M. (1976). The concept and measurement of the quality of school life. American Educational Research Journal, 13(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312013001015
• Fiorilli, C., Farina, E., Buonomo, I., Costa, S., Romano, L., Larcan, R., & Petrides, K. V. (2020). Trait emotional intelligence and school burnout: the mediating role of resilience and academic anxiety in high school. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(9), 3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093058
• Fullerton, D. J., Zhang, L. M., & Kleitman, S. (2021). An integrative process model of resilience in an academic context: Resilience resources, coping strategies, and positive adaptation. Plos one, 16(2), e0246000. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246000
• Garmezy, N. (1987). Stress, competence, and development: Continuities in the study of schizophrenic adults, children vulnerable to psychopathology, and the search for stress‐resistant children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(2), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03526.x
• Graber, R., Pichon, F., & Carabine, E. (2015). Psychological resilience. London: Overseas Development Institute.
• Gungor, A. (2019). Investigating the relationship between social support and school burnout in Turkish middle school students: The mediating role of hope. School Psychology International, 40(6), 581-597. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034319866492
• Gündogan, S., & Özgen, H. (2020). The Relationship between the quality of school life and the school burnout. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(3), 531-538. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20686
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2013). Multivariate data analysis: Pearson new international edition. Pearson Higher Ed.
• Hatzichristou, C., Lianos, P., & Lampropoulou, A. (2017). Cultural construction of promoting resilience and positive school climate during economic crisis in Greek schools. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 5(3), 192-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2016.1276816
• Hörnquist, J. O. (1990). Quality of life: concept and assessment. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, 18(1), 69-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/140349489001800111
• Jun, W. H., & Lee, G. (2017). The role of ego-resiliency in the relationship between social anxiety and problem solving ability among South Korean nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 49, 17-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.006
• Karatzias, A., Power, K. G., & Swanson, V. (2001). Quality of school life: Development and preliminary standardisation of an instrument based on performance indicators in Scottish secondary schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 12(3), 265-284. https://doi.org/10.1076/sesi.12.3.265.3449
• Kaya, A. & Sezgin, M. (2017). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin mutluluklarının eğitim stresi ve okul yaşam kalitesi tarafından yordanması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(41), 245-264. https://doi.org/10.21764/efd.42917
• Kim, B., Jee, S., Lee, J., An, S., & Lee, S. M. (2018). Relationships between social support and student burnout: A meta‐analytic approach. Stress and Health, 34(1), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2771
• Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
• Kljajic, K., Gaudreau, P., & Franche, V. (2017). An investigation of the 2× 2 model of perfectionism with burnout, engagement, self-regulation, and academic achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 57, 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.06.004
• Lawford, J., & Eiser, C. (2001). Exploring links between the concepts of quality of life and resilience. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 4(4), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13638490210124024
• Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (1988). The impact of interpersonal environment on burnout and organizational commitment. Journal of organizational behavior, 9(4), 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030090402
• Liebenberg, L., Ungar, M. ve Van de Vijver, F. R. R. (2012). Validation of the child and youth resilience measure-28 (CYRM-28) among Canadian youth with complex needs. Research on Social Work Practice, 22(2), 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731511428619
• Love, H., May, R. W., Cui, M., & Fincham, F. D. (2020). Helicopter parenting, self-control, and school burnout among emerging adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(2), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01560-z
• Luo, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, A., & Quan, S. (2016). The effect of perfectionism on school burnout among adolescence: The mediator of self-esteem and coping style. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.056
• Mackner, L. M., Bickmeier, R. M., & Crandall, W. V. (2012). Academic achievement, attendance, and school-related quality of life in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 33(2), 106-111. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e318240cf68
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
• Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53(2), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.205
• Mok, M. M., & Flynn, M. (2002). Establishing longitudinal factorial construct validity of the quality of school life scale for secondary students. Journal of Applied Measurement, 3(4), 400-420. https://europepmc.org/article/med/12486308
• Molinari, L., & Grazia, V. (2021). Students’ school climate perceptions: do engagement and burnout matter?. Learning Environments Research, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-021-09384-9
• Murray-Nettles, S., Mucherah, W., & Jones, D. S. (2000). Understanding resilience: The role of social resources. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR), 5(1-2), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10824669.2000.9671379
• Newmann, F. (1981). Reducing student alienation in high schools: Implications of theory. Harvard Educational Review, 51(4), 546-564. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.51.4.xj67887u87l5t66t
• Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
• Phillips, D. (2006). Quality of life: Concept, policy and practice. Routledge.
• Pinar, S. E., Yildirim, G., & Sayin, N. (2018). Investigating the psychological resilience, self-confidence and problem-solving skills of midwife candidates. Nurse Education Today, 64, 144-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.02.014
• Rees, C. S., Heritage, B., Osseiran-Moisson, R., Chamberlain, D., Cusack, L., Anderson, J., ... & Hegney, D. G. (2016). Can we predict burnout among student nurses? An exploration of the ICWR-1 model of individual psychological resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1072. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01072
• Richardson, G. E., Neiger, B. L., Jensen, S., & Kumpfer, K. L. (1990). The resiliency model. Health Education, 21(6), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/00970050.1990.10614589
• Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57(3), 316-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x
• Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14(8), 626–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(93)90196-V
• Sagone, E., & De Caroli, M. E. (2014). A correlational study on dispositional resilience, psychological well-being, and coping strategies in university students. American Journal of Educational Research, 2(7), 463-471. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-2-7-5
• Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). Dark and bright sides of thriving–school burnout and engagement in the Finnish context. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14(3), 337-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1207517
• Salmela-Aro, K., & Upadyaya, K. (2020). School engagement and school burnout profiles during high school–The role of socio-emotional skills. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(6), 943-964. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1785860
• Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Leskinen, E., & Nurmi, J. E. (2009a). School burnout inventory (SBI) reliability and validity. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.1.48
• Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Pietikäinen, M., & Jokela, J. (2008). Does school matter? The role of school context in adolescents’ school-related burnout. European Psychologist, 13(1), 12-23. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.13.1.12
• Salmela-Aro, K., Muotka, J., Alho, K., Hakkarainen, K., & Lonka, K. (2016). School burnout and engagement profiles among digital natives in Finland: A person-oriented approach. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(6), 704-718. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2015.1107542
• Salmela-Aro, K., Savolainen, H., & Holopainen, L. (2009b). Depressive symptoms and school burnout during adolescence: Evidence from two cross-lagged longitudinal studies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(10), 1316-1327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9334-3
• Sarı, M. (2012). Okul yaşamının değerlendirilmesi: Okul yaşam kalitesi ölçeği’nin güvenirlik ve geçerliği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2012(42), 344-355.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464-481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003
• Seçer, İ., Halmatoc, S., Veyis, F., & Ateş, B. (2013). Okul tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Turkish Journal of Education, 2(2), 16-24.
• Song, C., Fu, Z., & Wang, J. (2019). Social support and academic stress in the development of psychological adjustment in Chinese migrant children: Examination of compensatory model of psychological resilience. Child Indicators Research, 12(4), 1275-1286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-018-9577-9
• Sorkkila, M., Tolvanen, A., Aunola, K., & Ryba, T. V. (2019). The role of resilience in student athletes' sport and school burnout and dropout: A longitudinal person‐oriented study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 29(7), 1059-1067. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13422
• Souri, H., & Hasanirad, T. (2011). Relationship between resilience, optimism and psychological well-being in students of medicine. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1541-1544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.299
• Tang, X., Upadyaya, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2021). School burnout and psychosocial problems among adolescents: Grit as a resilience factor. Journal of Adolescence, 86, 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.12.002
• Thien, L. M., & Razak, N. A. (2013). Academic coping, friendship quality, and student engagement associated with student quality of school life: A partial least square analysis. Social Indicators Research, 112(3), 679-708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0077-x
• Tollit, M., Politis, J., & Knight, S. (2018). Measuring school functioning in students with chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review. Journal of School Health, 88(1), 74-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12580
• Turgut, Ö., & Çapan, B. E. (2017). Ergen psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyinin yordayıcıları: Algılanan sosyal destek ve okul bağlılığı. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (44), 162-183. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.309934
• Vasalampi, K., Salmela-Aro, K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2009). Adolescents’ self-concordance, school engagement, and burnout predict their educational trajectories. European Psychologist, 14(4), 332-341. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.4.332
• Voelkl, K. E. (1995). School warmth, student participation, and achievement. The Journal of Experimental Education, 63(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1995.9943817
• Walburg, V. (2014). Burnout among high school students: A literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.020
• Wilks, S. E. (2008). Resilience amid academic stress: The moderating impact of social support among social work students. Advances in Social Work, 9(2), 106-125. https://doi.org/10.18060/51
• Wu, Y., Yu, W., Wu, X., Wan, H., Wang, Y., & Lu, G. (2020). Psychological resilience and positive coping styles among Chinese undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychology, 8(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00444-y
• Yee Wan, W., & Tsui, M. S. (2020). Resilience for dropout students with depression in secondary schools in Hong Kong: parental attachment, hope and community integration. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 30(2), 78-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2019.1701544
• Ying, L., Wang, Y., Lin, C., & Chen, C. (2016). Trait resilience moderated the relationships between PTG and adolescent academic burnout in a post-disaster context. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 108-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.048
• Zucoloto, M. L., de Oliveira, V., Maroco, J., & Campos, J. A. D. B. (2016). School engagement and burnout in a sample of Brazilian students. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 8(5), 659-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2016.06.012