Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 719 - 737, 25.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1424778

Abstract

References

  • Alpar, R. (1998). İstatistik ve spor bilimleri [Statistics and sports science]. Bagırgan Printing Housse.
  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49, 155-173.
  • Arslan Ç. H., & Uyanık, B. G. (2018). Sosyal-duygusal gelişim değerlendirme ölçeği: 48-66 aylık çocuklar için uyarlama çalışması [Social-emotional development assessment scale: Adaptation study for 48-66 months old children]. Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Education, 19(3), 74-87. https://doi.org/inuefd.310000.
  • Akdoğan, B. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinin ve ebeveynlerinin beden eğitimi dersine ilişkin tutumları. [Attitudes of high school students and their parents towards physical education lesson] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Gelişim University.
  • Baran, G. (2011). Çocuk gelişimine giriş [Introduction to child development]. In N. Aral & G. Baran (Eds.), Çocuk gelişimi [Child development] (pp 17-49). YaPa Publications.
  • Başaran, İ. E. (1984). Eğitime giriş [Introduction to education]. (5th ed.). Sevinc Printing House.
  • Baxter-Jones A. D., & Maffulli N. (2003). Parental influence on sport participation in elite young athletes. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 43(2), 250-255.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Press.
  • Boyraz, Ş., Özbar, N., & Küçük Yetgin, M. (2017). İlköğretim 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin, ailelerinin ve branş öğretmenlerinin beden eğitimi dersine bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of primary school 6th grade students, their families and branch teachers' perspectives on physical education lesson] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Questions de sociologie. Paris: Minuit
  • Bourdieu, P. (1996). Understanding. Theory, Culture & Society, 13(2), 17-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327696013002002
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences]. (25. Ed.). Pegem.
  • Chiarlitti, N. A., & Kolen, A. M., (2017). Parental influences and the relationship to their children’s physical activity levels, International Journal Exercise Sciences, 10(2), 205–212.
  • Coakley, J. (2003). Sports in society (Issues and Controversies) (8th Edition). Mc Graw-Hill Publishing. Coakley, J. (2006). The good father: Parental expectations and youth sports. Leisure Studies, 25(2), 153-163.
  • Coakley, J. (2011). Youth sports: What counts as “positive development?” Journal of Sport &Social Issues, 35(3), 306-324.
  • Cohen, E. G. (1994). Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups. Review of Educational Research, 64, 1-35.
  • Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 1019-1031.
  • Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (2013). 2013 CASEL guide: Effective social and emotional learning programs. preschool and elementary school edition. Retrieved January 9, 2021, from https://casel.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2013-casel-guide-1.pdf
  • Conrad, D., & Hedin, J. A. (1982). Executive summary of the final report of the experiential education evaluation project. University of Minnesota, Center for Youth Development and Research.
  • Dagkas, S., & Burrows, L. (Eds.). (2016). Families, young people, physical activity and health: Critical perspectives (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315734576
  • Edwarson C. L., & Gorely, T. (2010). Activty-related parenting practices and children’s objekively measures physcial activity. Pediatric Exercise Science, 22, 105-113.
  • Erkal, M, Güven, Ö., & Ayan, D. (1998), Sosyolojik açıdan spor [Sports from a sociological point of view]. Der Publications.
  • Ersoy, A., Kalkavan, A., Kalfa, M., Özdilek, Ç,. Demirel, M,. Bişgin, H., & Eynur, BR. (2006, November 3-5). Üniversitelerarası Türkiye şampiyonasına katılan sporcuların kendi üniversitelerinden beklentileri [The expectations of the athletes participating in the Turkish Interuniversity Championship from their own universities] [Paper presentation] 9th International Congress of Sports Sciences, Muğla, Turkey.
  • Fazlıoğlu, Y. (2009). Sosyal gelişim [Social development]. In N, Aral & T, Duman (Eds.), Eğitim psikolojisi [Education psychology] (pp. 133-135). Kriter Publications.
  • Filiz, B., & Demirhan, G. (2015). Bireysel ve sosyal sorumluluk ölçeğinin Türk diline uyarlanma çalışması [Adaptation of individual and social responsibility scale to Turkish language]. Hacettepe Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(2), 51-64.
  • Filiz, B., & Demirhan, G. (2018). Development and examination of personal and social responsibility behaviors scale. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 9(1), 1-16.
  • Frias, C. M., & Dixon, R. A. (2005). Confirmatory factor structure and measurement invariance of the memory compensation questionnaire. Psychol Assess, 17(2), 168-178.
  • Firek, W., Płoszaj. K. & Czechowski M. (2020). Pedagogical function of referees in youth sport: Assessment of the quality of referee–player interactions in youth soccer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030905.
  • Güven, Ö., & Öncü, E. (2006). Beden eğitimi ve spora katılımda aile faktörü [Family factor in participation in physical education and sports]. Aile ve Toplum Dergisi, 3(10), 81-90.
  • Öncü, E., & Güven, Ö. (2011). Ana-babaların çocuklarının beden eğitimi dersine katılımına yönelik tutumları. [The development of a parents attitude scale towards physical education class]. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.83677
  • Hendley, K. L. (2004). Parental involvement in youth sports [Unpublished master’s thesis]. North Carolina State University.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Karakuş, E. (2005). Resmi ortaöğretim kurumlarında beden eğitimi dersinin uygulamalarında karşılaşılan sorunlara ilişkin öğrencilerin ve beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin görüşleri [Opinions of students and physical education teachers about the problems encountered in the practice of physical education lessons in public secondary education institutions] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Kayışlıoğlu, N. B., Altınkök, M., Temel, C., & Yüksel, Y. (2015). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin beden eğitimi dersi sportmenlik davranışlarının incelenmesi: Karabük ili örneği [Examining the physical education lesson sportsmanship behaviors of secondary school students: The case of Karabuk]. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1(3), 1044-1056.
  • Kremer-Sadlik, T., Izquierdo, C., & Fatigante, M. (2010). Making meaning of everydaypractices: parents’ attitudes toward children’s extracurricular activities in the United Statesand in Italy. Anthropol. Educ. Q. (41), 35–54.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3nd edition). The Guilford Press.
  • Knoester, C. Randolph, T. (2019). Father-child sports participation and outdoor activities: Patterns and implications for health and father-child relationships. Sociology of Sport Journal, 36(4), 322-329.
  • Knoester, C. Fields, V. T. (2020). Mother-child engagement in sports and outdoor activities: Intensive Mothering, purposive leisure, and implications for health and relationship closeness. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(7), 933–52.
  • Lago-Ballesteros J., Martins J., González-Valeiro M. Á., & Fernández-Villarino M. A. (2019). Parental assessment of physical education in the school curriculum: A brief report on the influence of past experiences as students. Plos One 14(7), e0219544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219544.
  • Latorre Peña, J. (2006). El deporte en edad escolar en los colegios públicos de educación primária de la ciudad de Zaragoza [Sports at school age in public primary schools in the city of Zaragoza] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universidad de Zaragoza.
  • Li, W., Wright, P. M., Rukavina, P., & Pickering, M. (2008). Measuring students’ perceptions of personal and social responsibility and its relationship to intrinsic motivation in urban physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 27, 167-178.
  • Li J, Shao, W. (2022). Influence of sports activities on Prosocial Behavior of children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116484
  • Linver, M. R., Roth, J. L., Brooks-Gunn J. (2009). Patterns of adolescents' participation in organized activities: Are sports best when combined with other activities? Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 354–67. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014133
  • Marsh, H. W., & Balla, J. (1994). Goodness of fit in confirmatory factor analysis: The effects of sample size and model parsimony. Quality and Quantity, 28(2), 185-217.
  • Ma, H. K. (2013). The moral development of the child: An integrated model. Frontiers in Public Health, 1, 57. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00057
  • Metzler, M. (2011). Instructional models for physical education (3rd ed.). Holcomb Hathaway.
  • Messner, M. A., & Musto, M. (2014). Where are the kids?. Sociology of Sport Journal, 31(1), 102-122.
  • Mowatt, M., DePauw, K. P., & Hulac, G. M. (1988). Attitudes toward physical activity among college students. Physical Educator, 45, 103-108.
  • Önal, Ş. (2005). Bir sorumluluk eğitim programının lise dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencilerinin sorumluluk düzeylerine etkisi [The effect of a responsibility education program on the responsibility levels of high school ninth grade students] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Uludag University.
  • Öncü, E. (2007). Ana-babaların çocuklarının beden eğitimi dersine katılımına yönelik tutumları ve beklentileri [Attitudes and expectations of parents towards their children's participation in physical education lessons] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Gazi University.
  • Öncü, E., & Güven, Ö. (2011). Beden eğitimi dersine yönelik ana-baba tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi [Developing a parent attitude scale towards physical education lesson]. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 5(3), 184-195.
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Perceived Social Development Scale for Physical Education Lessons (PSDSPEL) - Parent Version

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 719 - 737, 25.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1424778

Abstract

In this study, a valid and reliable scale was developed to measure parents' perceptions of their children's social development in physical education classes. In the first stage of the research, the relevant literature reivewed and student-parent interviews were held. As a result of the data obtained from the interviews, a 30-item draft scale was created. The draft scale was applied to 30 parents of students, and as a result of the feedback received, 5 items were removed from the pool. The remaining draft scale items were submitted to expert opinion and the number of items was reduced to 22. The 22-item scale was applied to 240 volunteer parents for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and to 216 volunteer parents for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). As a result of the analyses, the final scale consisting of 15 items and four sub-dimensions was obtained. In the final stage, the 15-item scale was applied to 540 volunteer parents. Accordingly, while it was observed that parents' PSDSPEL scores were higher in the positive behavior sub-dimension, it was determined that male parents' perception levels were higher than female parents. As a result of the research, it was seen that the reliability and validity and internal consistency coefficients of PSDSPEL's EFA and CFA results were at acceptable levels.

Ethical Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  • Alpar, R. (1998). İstatistik ve spor bilimleri [Statistics and sports science]. Bagırgan Printing Housse.
  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49, 155-173.
  • Arslan Ç. H., & Uyanık, B. G. (2018). Sosyal-duygusal gelişim değerlendirme ölçeği: 48-66 aylık çocuklar için uyarlama çalışması [Social-emotional development assessment scale: Adaptation study for 48-66 months old children]. Journal of İnönü University Faculty of Education, 19(3), 74-87. https://doi.org/inuefd.310000.
  • Akdoğan, B. (2017). Lise öğrencilerinin ve ebeveynlerinin beden eğitimi dersine ilişkin tutumları. [Attitudes of high school students and their parents towards physical education lesson] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Gelişim University.
  • Baran, G. (2011). Çocuk gelişimine giriş [Introduction to child development]. In N. Aral & G. Baran (Eds.), Çocuk gelişimi [Child development] (pp 17-49). YaPa Publications.
  • Başaran, İ. E. (1984). Eğitime giriş [Introduction to education]. (5th ed.). Sevinc Printing House.
  • Baxter-Jones A. D., & Maffulli N. (2003). Parental influence on sport participation in elite young athletes. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 43(2), 250-255.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Press.
  • Boyraz, Ş., Özbar, N., & Küçük Yetgin, M. (2017). İlköğretim 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin, ailelerinin ve branş öğretmenlerinin beden eğitimi dersine bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of primary school 6th grade students, their families and branch teachers' perspectives on physical education lesson] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Marmara University.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Questions de sociologie. Paris: Minuit
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  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı [Manual of data analysis for social sciences]. (25. Ed.). Pegem.
  • Chiarlitti, N. A., & Kolen, A. M., (2017). Parental influences and the relationship to their children’s physical activity levels, International Journal Exercise Sciences, 10(2), 205–212.
  • Coakley, J. (2003). Sports in society (Issues and Controversies) (8th Edition). Mc Graw-Hill Publishing. Coakley, J. (2006). The good father: Parental expectations and youth sports. Leisure Studies, 25(2), 153-163.
  • Coakley, J. (2011). Youth sports: What counts as “positive development?” Journal of Sport &Social Issues, 35(3), 306-324.
  • Cohen, E. G. (1994). Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups. Review of Educational Research, 64, 1-35.
  • Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 1019-1031.
  • Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (2013). 2013 CASEL guide: Effective social and emotional learning programs. preschool and elementary school edition. Retrieved January 9, 2021, from https://casel.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2013-casel-guide-1.pdf
  • Conrad, D., & Hedin, J. A. (1982). Executive summary of the final report of the experiential education evaluation project. University of Minnesota, Center for Youth Development and Research.
  • Dagkas, S., & Burrows, L. (Eds.). (2016). Families, young people, physical activity and health: Critical perspectives (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315734576
  • Edwarson C. L., & Gorely, T. (2010). Activty-related parenting practices and children’s objekively measures physcial activity. Pediatric Exercise Science, 22, 105-113.
  • Erkal, M, Güven, Ö., & Ayan, D. (1998), Sosyolojik açıdan spor [Sports from a sociological point of view]. Der Publications.
  • Ersoy, A., Kalkavan, A., Kalfa, M., Özdilek, Ç,. Demirel, M,. Bişgin, H., & Eynur, BR. (2006, November 3-5). Üniversitelerarası Türkiye şampiyonasına katılan sporcuların kendi üniversitelerinden beklentileri [The expectations of the athletes participating in the Turkish Interuniversity Championship from their own universities] [Paper presentation] 9th International Congress of Sports Sciences, Muğla, Turkey.
  • Fazlıoğlu, Y. (2009). Sosyal gelişim [Social development]. In N, Aral & T, Duman (Eds.), Eğitim psikolojisi [Education psychology] (pp. 133-135). Kriter Publications.
  • Filiz, B., & Demirhan, G. (2015). Bireysel ve sosyal sorumluluk ölçeğinin Türk diline uyarlanma çalışması [Adaptation of individual and social responsibility scale to Turkish language]. Hacettepe Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(2), 51-64.
  • Filiz, B., & Demirhan, G. (2018). Development and examination of personal and social responsibility behaviors scale. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 9(1), 1-16.
  • Frias, C. M., & Dixon, R. A. (2005). Confirmatory factor structure and measurement invariance of the memory compensation questionnaire. Psychol Assess, 17(2), 168-178.
  • Firek, W., Płoszaj. K. & Czechowski M. (2020). Pedagogical function of referees in youth sport: Assessment of the quality of referee–player interactions in youth soccer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030905.
  • Güven, Ö., & Öncü, E. (2006). Beden eğitimi ve spora katılımda aile faktörü [Family factor in participation in physical education and sports]. Aile ve Toplum Dergisi, 3(10), 81-90.
  • Öncü, E., & Güven, Ö. (2011). Ana-babaların çocuklarının beden eğitimi dersine katılımına yönelik tutumları. [The development of a parents attitude scale towards physical education class]. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.83677
  • Hendley, K. L. (2004). Parental involvement in youth sports [Unpublished master’s thesis]. North Carolina State University.
  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
  • Karakuş, E. (2005). Resmi ortaöğretim kurumlarında beden eğitimi dersinin uygulamalarında karşılaşılan sorunlara ilişkin öğrencilerin ve beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin görüşleri [Opinions of students and physical education teachers about the problems encountered in the practice of physical education lessons in public secondary education institutions] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Kayışlıoğlu, N. B., Altınkök, M., Temel, C., & Yüksel, Y. (2015). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin beden eğitimi dersi sportmenlik davranışlarının incelenmesi: Karabük ili örneği [Examining the physical education lesson sportsmanship behaviors of secondary school students: The case of Karabuk]. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1(3), 1044-1056.
  • Kremer-Sadlik, T., Izquierdo, C., & Fatigante, M. (2010). Making meaning of everydaypractices: parents’ attitudes toward children’s extracurricular activities in the United Statesand in Italy. Anthropol. Educ. Q. (41), 35–54.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3nd edition). The Guilford Press.
  • Knoester, C. Randolph, T. (2019). Father-child sports participation and outdoor activities: Patterns and implications for health and father-child relationships. Sociology of Sport Journal, 36(4), 322-329.
  • Knoester, C. Fields, V. T. (2020). Mother-child engagement in sports and outdoor activities: Intensive Mothering, purposive leisure, and implications for health and relationship closeness. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(7), 933–52.
  • Lago-Ballesteros J., Martins J., González-Valeiro M. Á., & Fernández-Villarino M. A. (2019). Parental assessment of physical education in the school curriculum: A brief report on the influence of past experiences as students. Plos One 14(7), e0219544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219544.
  • Latorre Peña, J. (2006). El deporte en edad escolar en los colegios públicos de educación primária de la ciudad de Zaragoza [Sports at school age in public primary schools in the city of Zaragoza] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universidad de Zaragoza.
  • Li, W., Wright, P. M., Rukavina, P., & Pickering, M. (2008). Measuring students’ perceptions of personal and social responsibility and its relationship to intrinsic motivation in urban physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 27, 167-178.
  • Li J, Shao, W. (2022). Influence of sports activities on Prosocial Behavior of children and adolescents: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116484
  • Linver, M. R., Roth, J. L., Brooks-Gunn J. (2009). Patterns of adolescents' participation in organized activities: Are sports best when combined with other activities? Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 354–67. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014133
  • Marsh, H. W., & Balla, J. (1994). Goodness of fit in confirmatory factor analysis: The effects of sample size and model parsimony. Quality and Quantity, 28(2), 185-217.
  • Ma, H. K. (2013). The moral development of the child: An integrated model. Frontiers in Public Health, 1, 57. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00057
  • Metzler, M. (2011). Instructional models for physical education (3rd ed.). Holcomb Hathaway.
  • Messner, M. A., & Musto, M. (2014). Where are the kids?. Sociology of Sport Journal, 31(1), 102-122.
  • Mowatt, M., DePauw, K. P., & Hulac, G. M. (1988). Attitudes toward physical activity among college students. Physical Educator, 45, 103-108.
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There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Social and Humanities Education (Excluding Economics, Business and Management), Child Development Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yasin Karaca 0000-0001-6024-7679

Bijen Filiz 0000-0001-5863-3861

Publication Date July 25, 2024
Submission Date January 24, 2024
Acceptance Date June 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 17 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Karaca, Y., & Filiz, B. (2024). Perceived Social Development Scale for Physical Education Lessons (PSDSPEL) - Parent Version. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 17(3), 719-737. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1424778