Population Density, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Asia-Pacific Countries

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 934 - 944, 31.12.2020

Tuncer Gövdeli

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.545681

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Energy is the main source of CO2 emissions, which is the key factor of the environmental pollution increasing everywhere around the world. The connection between energy consumption, economic growth, population density and CO2 emissions are an issue that needs to be analyzed in a multidisciplinary and scholarly manner. In this study, the connection between energy consumption, economic growth, population density and CO2 emissions were analyzed empirically on the basis of 14 Asian-Pacific countries. A series of panel data models and a balanced panel data set were used in the study which covered the period between 1971 and 2017. The results of the cointegration test for the panel showed that there was a cointegration relationship between the variables. According to the results of the Panel VECM granger causality test, there is evidence of a two-way causality relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth, and between energy consumption and economic growth. In addition, population density is the causality of energy consumption, and population density is the causality of economic growth. According to the results, countries need to turn to cleaner energy sources to reduce CO2 emissions.

Keywords

Population density, economic growth, CO2 emissions, energy consumption, Asia-Pacific countries

Nüfus Yoğunluğu, Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Tüketimi ve CO2 Emisyonu: AsyaPasifik Ülkelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar

Abstract

Dünya genelinde artan çevresel kirlenmenin ana faktörü olan CO2 emisyonlarının ana kaynağı enerjidir. Enerji tüketimi, ekonomik büyüme, nüfus yoğunluğu ile CO2 emisyonu arasındaki bağlantı, çok disiplinli (multidisciplinary scholarly) ve bilim olarak incelenmesi gereken bir konudur. Bu çalışmada 14 Asya-Pasifik ülkesi ele alınarak enerji tüketimi, ekonomik büyüme, nüfus yoğunluğu ile CO2 emisyonu arasındaki bağ ampirik olarak analiz edilmiştir. 1971 ile 2017 dönemini dikkate alan çalışmada bir dizi panel veri modeli ve dengeli panel veri seti kullanılmıştır. Panel eşbütünleşme testi sonucu değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisisin olduğunu ortaya koydu. Panel VECM granger nedensellik testi sonucuna göre, CO2 emisyonu ile ekonomik büyüme arasında ve enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisine dair kanıtlar vardır. Ayrıca nüfus yoğunluğu enerji tüketiminin nedenseli ve nüfus yoğunluğu ekonomik büyümenin nedenselidir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ülkelerin, CO2 emisyonunu azaltabilmek için daha temiz enerjiye yönelmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Nüfus yoğunluğu, ekonomik büyüme, CO2 emisyonu, enerji tüketimi, Asya-Pasifik ülkeleri

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