Koronavirüs Sürecinde Devlet Tarafından Dezavantajlı Gruplara Yönelik Alınan Önlemlerin Afet Yönetimi Bakış Açısı İle Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 646 - 668, 27.06.2022

İsmail Kaya Can Şahan

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1008217

Abstract

Çin’in Vuhan kentinde 2019 Aralık’ta salgının başlamasına neden olan koronavirüs (Covid-19), Türkiye de dâhil olmak üzere birçok ülkede görülmektedir. Koronavirüs salgını yayılma aşaması ve hızında gösterdiği ivme ile küresel bir afet olsa da dünya genelinde tüm ülkeler mücadelelerine ulusal olarak devam etmektedir. Her devlet, politikaları ile mücadelede farklı yöntemleri uygulamaktadır. Bu yöntemler ile afet sonrası süreçte toplumun tüm kesimlerinin eşit oranda etkilenmiyor oluşu, uygulamaya koyulan önlemlerin önem teşkil ediciliği ile yakından ilişkilidir. Çalışma koronavirüsün pandemi ilan edilmesinden 2021 Mayıs ayına kadar olan süreçte Türkiye’de çalışma çerçevesinde belirlenen tüm dezavantajlı gruplara yönelik alınan önlemleri kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışma ile dezavantajlı gruplarda yer alan bireylerin afet yönetim süreçlerinin her aşamasında alınacak önlemlerde yer alması ve koronavirüs salgınının gelecekte yaşanacak afetlerin yönetiminde bir altlık oluşturması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada, Avrupa Konseyi, BM Mülteci Örgütü ve UNESCO tarafından belirlenen standartlar referans alınarak Türkiye özelinde sadece devlet ölçeğinde dezavantajlı gruplar (yaşlılar, gençler, çocuklar, engelliler, özel sektör işçileri, çalışan kadınlar, yoksullar, göçmenler, evsizler ve tutuklular) için alınan önlemler üzerine odaklanılmaktadır. Çalışmada, dezavantajlı gruplar için alınan önlemlerin homojen bir dağılım göstermediği yaşlılar, gençler ve çocuklara yönelik önlemlerin sayı olarak fazla olduğu ancak içerik olarak tekrarlardan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Engelliler, işçiler, kadınlar, yoksullar, göçmenler, evsizler ve tutuklular için alınan önlemlerin ise yeterli sayıda olmadığı görülmektedir. 

Keywords

Afet, afet yönetimi, koronavirüs, pandemi, dezavantajlı gruplar

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın ilk hali 24-25 Eylül 2021 tarihlerinde Burdur’da gerçekleştirilen II. Uluslararası Afet Yönetimi Kongresi’nde özet bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.

Evaluation of the Measures Taken by the Government for Disadvantaged Groups in the Coronavirus Process from a Disaster Management Perspective

Abstract

The coronavirus (Covid-19), which caused the outbreak to start in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, is seen in many countries, including Turkey. Although the coronavirus epidemic is a global disaster with its spreading stage and speed, all countries around the world continue their struggles nationally. Each state applies different methods in the struggle with its policies. The fact that all segments of the society are not affected equally in the post-disaster process with these methods is closely related to the importance of the measures put into practice. The study covers the measures taken for all disadvantaged groups determined within the framework of the study in Turkey during the period from the declaration of the coronavirus as a pandemic until May 2021. It covers the measures taken for all disadvantaged groups determined within the framework of the study in Turkey. In the study, document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred. The aim of the study is to include individuals in disadvantaged groups in the measures to be taken at every stage of the disaster management processes, and the coronavirus epidemic to form a base in the management of future disasters. The study focuses on the measures taken for disadvantaged groups (elderly, youth, children, disabled, private sector workers, working women, the poor, immigrants, homeless and detainees) only at the state level in Turkey, with reference to the standards set by the Council of Europe, the UN Refugee Organization and UNESCO. In the study, it is seen that the measures taken for disadvantaged groups do not show a homogeneous distribution, and the measures for the elderly, young people and children are high in number, but they consist of repetitions in content. It is seen that the measures taken for the disabled, workers, women, the poor, immigrants, homeless and detainees are not sufficient.

Keywords

Disaster, disaster management, coronavirus, pandemic, disadvantaged groups

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