Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği-Revize Formu: Bir Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 690 - 708, 28.06.2024

Asiye Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1181072

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlamasını yaparak gözden geçirilmiş bir formunu oluşturmaktır. Bu ölçek bireylerde Kendini Belirleme Kuramı bağlamında önerilen ihtiyaç doyumunun (yetkinlik, özerklik ve ilişkisellik) ölçümünde kullanılmaktadır. Birinci çalışmada (N=232) orijinal ölçeğin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Temel bileşenler analizi (TBA), ölçekteki ters kodlanan maddelerin olumsuz tepki setini yansıtan biçimde ayrı bir boyut oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. İhtiyaç doyumunun benlik değeriyle pozitif yönde ilişkisi (r=.21, p<.01) ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliğe destek sağlamıştır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlık katsayısı ise kabul edilebilir düzeyde bulunmuştur (α=.81). İkinci çalışmada ise ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerini güçlendirmek için oluşturulan Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar-Revize Formu’nun psikometrik özellikleri iki ayrı örneklem aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. TBA bulguları (I. Örneklem, N=226), ölçeğin revize formunda da olumsuz tepki seti geliştiğine işaret etmiştir. Ters kodlanan maddeler hariç tutularak tekrarlanan TBA, 26 maddeden oluşan revize formun üç temel psikolojik ihtiyaca karşılık gelen biçimde, üç faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu üç faktörlü yapı doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden elde edilen bulgularla da desteklenmiştir (II. Örneklem, N=531). Ayrıca, revize formun benlik değeri ölçümüyle ilişkisi (r=.57, p<.001) ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliğe destek sağlamıştır. Güvenirlik analizleri revize formun iç tutarlığının (I. Örneklem, α=.91; II. Örneklem, α=.93) yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu araştırmanın bulguları, Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği-Revize Formu’nun geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğuna ve Türkiye’de yapılacak çalışmalarda kullanılabileceğine işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

Kendini Belirleme Kuramı, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar, olumsuz tepki seti, geçerlik, güvenirlik

Basic Psychological Needs Scale-Revised Form: A Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

The current study aims to adapt The Basic Psychological Needs Scale to Turkish and generate a revised version of the scale to measure the level of need satisfaction (i.e., competence, autonomy, and relatedness) posited by Self-Determination Theory. In Study 1, the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the original scale were examined (N=232). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that negative response set bias appeared. The association between need satisfaction and self-esteem (r=21, p<.01) supported the criterion-related validity. The alpha coefficient was found to be acceptable (α=.81). In Study 2, through two separate samples, psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale-Revised Form (BPNS-R) were examined. The PCA indicated that negative response set bias emerged in the BPNS-R (Sample I, N=226). After negatively worded items were eliminated, the PCA showed that the BPNS-R consisting of 26 items has a three-factor structure representing competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported this three-factor structure (Sample II, N=531). The correlation between need satisfaction and self-esteem (r=.57, p<.001) provided support the criterion-related validity. Reliability analyses indicated that the internal consistency of the BPNS-R was high (Sample I, α=.91; Sample II, α=.93). In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the BPNS-R is a valid and reliable measure of the need satisfaction in Turkey.

Keywords

Self-Determination Theory, basic psychological needs, negative response set bias, validity, reliability

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