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Sağlık Çalışanlarında Merhamet Yorgunluğu, Bilişsel Esneklik ve Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla Aşılabilir mi?

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 1129 - 1143, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1197928

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı bilişsel esneklik ve psikolojik sağlamlığın merhamet yorgunluğu üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışma da veriler hazırlanan anket formu aracılığıyla Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde görev yapan hekim ve hemşirelerden elde edilmiştir. Bu amaçla bilişsel esneklik ölçeği, psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği, merhamet ölçeği ve demografik özelliklerin belirlenmesine yönelik yaş, cinsiyet, çalışma yılı ve unvan bilgilerini içeren bir anket formu hazırlanmıştır. Geri dönüşü sağlanan 404 anket formu üzerinden yürütülen çalışmanın katılımcılarının büyük çoğunluğunun kadın (%65.6, N=265) hemşire, (%68, N=274), 46-55 yaş gurubunda (%33.4, N=135) ve 20 yıldan fazla (%36.6, N=148) iş deneyimine sahip bireylerden oluştuğu gözlenmektedir. Araştırma bulgularını elde etmek için SPSS ve LISREL programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Kullanılan ölçeklerin geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Son olarak frekans analizi, güvenilirlik, korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılarak elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre bilişsel esneklik ve psikolojik sağlamlığın merhamet yorgunluğu üzerinde negatif yönlü bir etkiye sahip olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara dayanarak sağlık çalışanlarının bilişsel esneklik ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin yükseltilmesi yoluyla merhamet yorgunluğu düzeyinin düşürülebileceği ifade edilebilir.

References

  • Anderson, J.C. ve Gerbing, D.W. (1984). “The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood comfirmatory factor analysis”. Psychometrika, 49,155-173.
  • Asıcı, E. ve İkiz, F. (2015). Mutluluğa giden bir yol: Bilişsel esneklik. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(35), 191-211.
  • Berzoff, J., & Kita, E. (2010). Compassion fatigue and countertransference: Two different concepts. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38, 341-349.
  • Burnett, H. J. ve Wahl, K. (2015). The compassion fatigue and resilience connection: A survey of resilience, compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among trauma responders. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 17(1), 318–326
  • Coetzee, S. K., & Klopper, H. C. (2010). Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: A concept analysis. Nursing & health sciences, 12(2), 235-243.
  • Cohn, M. A., Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A., & Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotion, 9(3), 361-368
  • Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
  • Dağ, İ., & Gülüm, V. (2013). Yetişkin Bağlanma Örüntüleri İle Psikopatoloji Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkide Bilişsel Özelliklerin Aracı Rolü: Bilişsel Esneklik. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(4), 440-447.
  • Delano-Wood, L. M. (2002). The relationship between cognitive flexibility, depression, and anxiety in older adults. Michigan State University.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Erdogan, E., Ozdogan, O., & Erdogan, M. (2015). University students’ resilience level: The effect of gender and faculty. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 186, 1262-1267.
  • Erdoğan, S. C. (2018). Üstün Zekalılar Öğretmenliği Adaylarının Bilişsel Esneklik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(3), 77-96.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002). Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care. Journal of clinical psychology, 58(11), 1433-1441.
  • Fraser, M. W., Galinsky, M. J., & Richman, J. M. (1999). Risk, protection, and resilience: Toward a conceptual framework for social work practice. Social work research, 23(3), 131-143.
  • Garcia‐Garcia, M., Barceló, F., Clemente, I. C., & Escera, C. (2010). The role of the dopamine transporter DAT1 genotype on the neural correlates of cognitive flexibility. European Journal of Neuroscience, 31(4), 754-760.
  • Garner, E. V., & Golijani-Moghaddam, N. (2021). Relationship between psychological flexibility and work-related quality of life for healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 98-112.
  • George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
  • Gentry, J. E. (2002). Compassion fatigue: A crucible of transformation. Journal of Trauma Practice, 1(3-4), 37-61.
  • Gündüz, B. (2013). The Contributions of Attachment Styles, Irrational Beliefs and Psychological Symptoms to the Prediction of Cognitive Flexibility. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(4), 2079-2085.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2015). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Felsefe Yöntem Analiz. Ankara: Seçkin. Hem, M. H., & Heggen, K. (2004). Is compassion essential to nursing practice?. Contemporary Nurse, 17(1-2), 19-31.
  • Ionescu, T. (2012). Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility. New ideas in psychology, 30(2), 190-200.
  • Judkins, S. K., & Furlow, L. (2003). Creating a hardy work environment: Can organizational policies help? Texas Journal of Rural Health, 21(4), 11-17.
  • Kalisch, R., Baker, D. G., Basten, U., Boks, M. P., Bonanno, G. A., Brummelman, E., ... & Kleim, B. (2017). The resilience framework as a strategy to combat stress-related disorders. Nature Human Behaviour, 1 (11), 784–790.
  • Kelly, L., Runge, J., & Spencer, C. (2015). Predictors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in acute care nurses. Journal of Nursing scholarship, 47(6), 522-528.
  • Kloo, D., Perner, J., Aichhorn, M., & Schmidhuber, N. (2010). Perspective taking and cognitive flexibility in the Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) task. Cognitive Development, 25(3), 208-217.
  • Kong, F., Wang, X., Hu, S., & Liu, J. (2015). Neural correlates of psychological resilience and their relation to life satisfaction in a sample of healthy young adults. Neuroimage, 123, 165-172.
  • Lombardo, B., & Eyre, C. Compassion Fatigue: A Nurse’s Primer. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16(1).
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological reports, 76(2), 623-626.
  • McHolm, F. (2006). Rx for compassion fatigue. Journal of Christian nursing, 23(4), 12-19.
  • McMahon, M. F. (2021). Say goodbye to compassion fatigue and hello to resilience. Journal of Trauma Nursing| JTN, 28(1), 1-2.
  • Nijstad, B. A., De Dreu, C. K., Rietzschel, E. F., & Baas, M. (2010). The dual pathway to creativity model: Creative ideation as a function of flexibility and persistence. European review of social psychology, 21(1), 34-77.
  • Özdoğan, A. Ç., Haspolat, N. K., Çelik, O., & Yalçın, R. Ü. (2021). Ergenlerde Reaktif-Proaktif Saldırganlık ve Bilişsel Esneklik: Öfkenin Aracı Rolü. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 11(2), 826-851.
  • Özkılıçcı, G., & Cantürk, P. U. (2020). Bilişsel esneklik ile uzaktan eğitim memnuniyetinin ilişkisi: negatif duygulanımın aracı rolü. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(39), 1167-1181.
  • Park, H. S. (2021). The Factors related to Professional Quality of Life for Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 30(3), 247-256.
  • Polat, F. N., & Erdem, R. (2017). Merhamet yorgunluğu düzeyinin çalışma yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi: Sağlık profesyonelleri örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (26), 291-312.
  • Pommier, E. A. (2011). The compassion scale. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 72, 1174. Sarabia-Cobo, C., Pérez, V., De Lorena, P., Fernández-Rodríguez, Á., González-López, J. R., & González-Vaca, J. (2021). Burnout, compassion fatigue and psychological flexibility among geriatric nurses: A multicenter study in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 1-10.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3-9.
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. & Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194-200.
  • Spiro, R. J., & Jehng, J. C. (1990). Cognitive flexibility and hypertext: Theory and technology for the nonlinear and multidimensional traversal of complex subject matter. D. Nix & R. Spiro (Ed.), Cognition, Education, and Multimedia: Exploring Ideas in High Technology (s. 163–205) içinde. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Stamm, B. H. (2009). Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Version 5 (ProQOL).
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & dan Fidel, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Sixth Edition. Boston: Pearson
  • Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Sassa, Y., Hashizume, H., Sekiguchi, A., Fukushima, A., & Kawashima, R. (2010). White matter structures associated with creativity: evidence from diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroimage, 51(1), 11-18.
  • TDK, https://sozluk.gov.tr/ (Erişim: 15.07.2022).
  • Turan, N., Durgun, H., Kaya, H., Ertaş, G., & Kuvan, D. (2019). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin stres durumları ile bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Jaren, 5(1), 59-66.
  • Wu, C. W., Chen, W. W., & Jen, C. H. (2021). Emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility in the relationship between parenting and subjective well-being. Journal of Adult Development, 28(2), 106-115.
  • Yelpaze, İ., & Yakar, L. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumu ve bilişsel esnekliklerinin incelenmesi. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 9(54), 913-935.
  • Yıldız, D. & Uzunsakal, E., (2018). Alan araştırmalarında güvenilirlik testlerinin karşılaştırılması ve tarımsal veriler üzerine bir uygulama. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 14-28.
  • Yoder, E. A. (2010). Compassion fatigue in nurses. Applied nursing research, 23(4), 191-197.
  • Zhang, J., Wang, X., Xu, T., Li, J., Li, H., Wu, Y., ... & Zhang, J. P. (2022). The effect of resilience and self‐efficacy on nurses’ compassion fatigue: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing, 78(7), 2030-2041.

Can Compassion Fatigue in Healthcare Workers be Overcome with Cognitive Flexibility and Psychological Resilience?

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 1129 - 1143, 27.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1197928

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cognitive flexibility and resilience on compassion fatigue. In the study, data were collected through a questionnaire. The sample of the study is the physicians and nurses working in Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of cognitive flexibility scale, resilience scale, compassion scale and demographic information form was prepared. The study was carried out on the information obtained from the 404 questionnaires returned. The majority of participants are female (%65.6, N=265) nurse (68%, N=274), 46-55 age group (%33.4, N=135) and more than 20 years (%36.6, N=148) experience. SPSS and LISREL programs were used to obtain the research findings. The validity of the scales is determined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Finally, frequency analysis, reliability, correlation and regression analyzes were performed and the findings were interpreted. According to the findings of the study, cognitive flexibility and resilience has a negative effect on compassion fatigue. Based on the findings obtained, it can be stated that compassion fatigue can be reduced by increasing the cognitive flexibility and resilience levels of health professionals.

References

  • Anderson, J.C. ve Gerbing, D.W. (1984). “The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood comfirmatory factor analysis”. Psychometrika, 49,155-173.
  • Asıcı, E. ve İkiz, F. (2015). Mutluluğa giden bir yol: Bilişsel esneklik. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(35), 191-211.
  • Berzoff, J., & Kita, E. (2010). Compassion fatigue and countertransference: Two different concepts. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38, 341-349.
  • Burnett, H. J. ve Wahl, K. (2015). The compassion fatigue and resilience connection: A survey of resilience, compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among trauma responders. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 17(1), 318–326
  • Coetzee, S. K., & Klopper, H. C. (2010). Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: A concept analysis. Nursing & health sciences, 12(2), 235-243.
  • Cohn, M. A., Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A., & Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotion, 9(3), 361-368
  • Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
  • Dağ, İ., & Gülüm, V. (2013). Yetişkin Bağlanma Örüntüleri İle Psikopatoloji Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkide Bilişsel Özelliklerin Aracı Rolü: Bilişsel Esneklik. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 24(4), 440-447.
  • Delano-Wood, L. M. (2002). The relationship between cognitive flexibility, depression, and anxiety in older adults. Michigan State University.
  • Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Erdogan, E., Ozdogan, O., & Erdogan, M. (2015). University students’ resilience level: The effect of gender and faculty. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 186, 1262-1267.
  • Erdoğan, S. C. (2018). Üstün Zekalılar Öğretmenliği Adaylarının Bilişsel Esneklik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(3), 77-96.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002). Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care. Journal of clinical psychology, 58(11), 1433-1441.
  • Fraser, M. W., Galinsky, M. J., & Richman, J. M. (1999). Risk, protection, and resilience: Toward a conceptual framework for social work practice. Social work research, 23(3), 131-143.
  • Garcia‐Garcia, M., Barceló, F., Clemente, I. C., & Escera, C. (2010). The role of the dopamine transporter DAT1 genotype on the neural correlates of cognitive flexibility. European Journal of Neuroscience, 31(4), 754-760.
  • Garner, E. V., & Golijani-Moghaddam, N. (2021). Relationship between psychological flexibility and work-related quality of life for healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 98-112.
  • George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Boston: Pearson
  • Gentry, J. E. (2002). Compassion fatigue: A crucible of transformation. Journal of Trauma Practice, 1(3-4), 37-61.
  • Gündüz, B. (2013). The Contributions of Attachment Styles, Irrational Beliefs and Psychological Symptoms to the Prediction of Cognitive Flexibility. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(4), 2079-2085.
  • Gürbüz, S. & Şahin, F. (2015). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri Felsefe Yöntem Analiz. Ankara: Seçkin. Hem, M. H., & Heggen, K. (2004). Is compassion essential to nursing practice?. Contemporary Nurse, 17(1-2), 19-31.
  • Ionescu, T. (2012). Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility. New ideas in psychology, 30(2), 190-200.
  • Judkins, S. K., & Furlow, L. (2003). Creating a hardy work environment: Can organizational policies help? Texas Journal of Rural Health, 21(4), 11-17.
  • Kalisch, R., Baker, D. G., Basten, U., Boks, M. P., Bonanno, G. A., Brummelman, E., ... & Kleim, B. (2017). The resilience framework as a strategy to combat stress-related disorders. Nature Human Behaviour, 1 (11), 784–790.
  • Kelly, L., Runge, J., & Spencer, C. (2015). Predictors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction in acute care nurses. Journal of Nursing scholarship, 47(6), 522-528.
  • Kloo, D., Perner, J., Aichhorn, M., & Schmidhuber, N. (2010). Perspective taking and cognitive flexibility in the Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) task. Cognitive Development, 25(3), 208-217.
  • Kong, F., Wang, X., Hu, S., & Liu, J. (2015). Neural correlates of psychological resilience and their relation to life satisfaction in a sample of healthy young adults. Neuroimage, 123, 165-172.
  • Lombardo, B., & Eyre, C. Compassion Fatigue: A Nurse’s Primer. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16(1).
  • Martin, M. M., & Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological reports, 76(2), 623-626.
  • McHolm, F. (2006). Rx for compassion fatigue. Journal of Christian nursing, 23(4), 12-19.
  • McMahon, M. F. (2021). Say goodbye to compassion fatigue and hello to resilience. Journal of Trauma Nursing| JTN, 28(1), 1-2.
  • Nijstad, B. A., De Dreu, C. K., Rietzschel, E. F., & Baas, M. (2010). The dual pathway to creativity model: Creative ideation as a function of flexibility and persistence. European review of social psychology, 21(1), 34-77.
  • Özdoğan, A. Ç., Haspolat, N. K., Çelik, O., & Yalçın, R. Ü. (2021). Ergenlerde Reaktif-Proaktif Saldırganlık ve Bilişsel Esneklik: Öfkenin Aracı Rolü. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 11(2), 826-851.
  • Özkılıçcı, G., & Cantürk, P. U. (2020). Bilişsel esneklik ile uzaktan eğitim memnuniyetinin ilişkisi: negatif duygulanımın aracı rolü. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(39), 1167-1181.
  • Park, H. S. (2021). The Factors related to Professional Quality of Life for Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 30(3), 247-256.
  • Polat, F. N., & Erdem, R. (2017). Merhamet yorgunluğu düzeyinin çalışma yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi: Sağlık profesyonelleri örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (26), 291-312.
  • Pommier, E. A. (2011). The compassion scale. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 72, 1174. Sarabia-Cobo, C., Pérez, V., De Lorena, P., Fernández-Rodríguez, Á., González-López, J. R., & González-Vaca, J. (2021). Burnout, compassion fatigue and psychological flexibility among geriatric nurses: A multicenter study in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 1-10.
  • Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. Handbook of Positive Psychology, 3-9.
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P. & Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194-200.
  • Spiro, R. J., & Jehng, J. C. (1990). Cognitive flexibility and hypertext: Theory and technology for the nonlinear and multidimensional traversal of complex subject matter. D. Nix & R. Spiro (Ed.), Cognition, Education, and Multimedia: Exploring Ideas in High Technology (s. 163–205) içinde. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Stamm, B. H. (2009). Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Version 5 (ProQOL).
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & dan Fidel, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Sixth Edition. Boston: Pearson
  • Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Sassa, Y., Hashizume, H., Sekiguchi, A., Fukushima, A., & Kawashima, R. (2010). White matter structures associated with creativity: evidence from diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroimage, 51(1), 11-18.
  • TDK, https://sozluk.gov.tr/ (Erişim: 15.07.2022).
  • Turan, N., Durgun, H., Kaya, H., Ertaş, G., & Kuvan, D. (2019). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin stres durumları ile bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Jaren, 5(1), 59-66.
  • Wu, C. W., Chen, W. W., & Jen, C. H. (2021). Emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility in the relationship between parenting and subjective well-being. Journal of Adult Development, 28(2), 106-115.
  • Yelpaze, İ., & Yakar, L. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumu ve bilişsel esnekliklerinin incelenmesi. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 9(54), 913-935.
  • Yıldız, D. & Uzunsakal, E., (2018). Alan araştırmalarında güvenilirlik testlerinin karşılaştırılması ve tarımsal veriler üzerine bir uygulama. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 14-28.
  • Yoder, E. A. (2010). Compassion fatigue in nurses. Applied nursing research, 23(4), 191-197.
  • Zhang, J., Wang, X., Xu, T., Li, J., Li, H., Wu, Y., ... & Zhang, J. P. (2022). The effect of resilience and self‐efficacy on nurses’ compassion fatigue: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing, 78(7), 2030-2041.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Economics and Administrative Sciences
Authors

Altuğ Çağatay 0000-0001-7067-5570

Hüseyin Yılmaz 0000-0003-4105-450X

Publication Date September 27, 2024
Submission Date November 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 26 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çağatay, A., & Yılmaz, H. (2024). Sağlık Çalışanlarında Merhamet Yorgunluğu, Bilişsel Esneklik ve Psikolojik Sağlamlıkla Aşılabilir mi?. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(3), 1129-1143. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1197928

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.


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