Aile Sistemleri Kuramı Bağlamında Engelli Çocuğa Sahip Babaların İlişkisel Deneyimlerine Yönelik Fenomenolojik Bir İnceleme

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: Aile Özel Sayısı, 455 - 485, 19.10.2025

Burak Acar

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1697205

Abstract

Bu çalışma, düşük sosyoekonomik düzeydeki babaların deneyimleri üzerinden engelli bir çocuğun aile sistemi üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Aile Sistemleri Kuramı temelinde, engelli çocuğun varlığının ailenin duygusal, yapısal ve işlevsel bütünlüğünü nasıl dönüştürdüğü sorgulanmıştır. Literatürde sıklıkla ihmal edilen baba perspektifine odaklanarak, engellilik bağlamında aile içi ilişkilerin daha bütüncül bir şekilde kavranmasına katkı sunulması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma, nitel bir desenle ve yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz (IPA) yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstanbul’un Esenler ilçesinde yaşayan ve ağır engelli çocuğa sahip 42 baba ile yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Veriler, MAXQDA yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, engelli bir çocuğun aile sistemine dahil olmasının, yalnızca bireysel düzeyde değil, sistemsel ve ilişkisel düzlemde de çok katmanlı etkiler yarattığını ortaya koymaktadır. Babaların anlatıları, aile içindeki temel alt sistemlerin (eş ve çocuklarla ilişkiler, kök aile bağlantıları) engellilik bağlamında yeniden yapılandığını ve bu yapılanmanın çoğu zaman çatışmalı, belirsiz ve duygusal yük içeren biçimlerde gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Araştırma sonuçları engelli çocuk bakımının yalnızca bireysel psikososyal etkiler değil, aynı zamanda sistem bütünlüğünü etkileyen ve yeniden düzenlenmesini zorunlu kılan, yalnızca bakım pratiğini değil, duygusal yakınlık, roller ve sorumlulukların tamamını yeniden şekillendiren bir kriz alanı oluşturduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Baba temelli anlatılar, sosyal hizmetten psikolojik desteğe ve aile danışmanlığına uzanan tüm uygulamalarda, babayı aktif olarak kapsayan ve aileyi sistemsel bütünlüğü içinde değerlendiren müdahale yaklaşımlarına duyulan ihtiyacı açıkça göstermektedir.

Keywords

Babalık , engelli çocuk , aile sistemi , ilişkiler , evlilik

Ethical Statement

İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurul Başkanlığı tarafından 04.05.2021 tarihli ve 2021/139 numaralı karar ile etik onay verilmiştir.

A Phenomenological Study of the Relational Experiences of Fathers of Children with Disabilities within the Framework of Family Systems Theory

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of a child with disabilities on the family system through the experiences of fathers from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Grounded in Family Systems Theory, it explores how the presence of a child with disabilities transforms the emotional, structural, and functional integrity of the family. By focusing on the often-neglected paternal perspective, the research seeks to contribute to a more holistic understanding of intra-family dynamics in the context of disability. The study adopts a qualitative design and employs Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 42 fathers of children with severe disabilities living in Esenler, Istanbul. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. Findings reveal that the inclusion of a child with disabilities in the family creates multilayered effects not only on an individual level but also on systemic and relational levels. Fathers' narratives indicate that core family subsystems—spousal relationships, parenting dynamics, and ties with extended family—are often restructured in emotionally charged, conflict-laden, and uncertain ways. The results suggest that caregiving in this context constitutes a crisis zone that requires not only emotional adaptation but also a reconfiguration of roles, responsibilities, and intimacy. These findings highlight the need for intervention models in social work, psychological support, and family counseling that actively include fathers and address the family as a systemic whole.

Keywords

Fatherhood , child with disability , family system , relationships , marital

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was obtained by the Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee with the decision numbered 2021/139 dated 04.05.2021.

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