Effects of Starvation and Re-Feeding on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Rainbow Trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

In the present study, the effects of short-term starvation and refeeding on growth and feeding performances of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with an average initial weight of 100±1 g were investigated. After 1 week adaptation to experimental condition, 80 fish were randomly distributed in 4 fiberglass tanks (3 replication) with a flow-through system. The fish were exposed to 4 different feeding regimes; control: fed two times daily; T1: 1 day starvation and 1 days refeeding; T2: 2 day starvation and 2 days refeeding; T3: 3 days starvation and 3 days refeeding. Short-terms starvation and refeeding was continued for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, final weight, SGR (specific growth rate), WG (weight gain), FCR (feed conversion ratio) and FER (feed efficiency ratio) were determined in control and treated groups. The highest values were observed in control and T1. The lowest values were observed in the T3. The differences between final weight, SGR, WG, FCR and FER were statistically insignificant. In conclusion, rainbow trout have showed a complete compensatory growth depending on times starvation and re-feeding.

Keywords

• Rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,growth,feeding regime

Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Besin Kullanımı ve Gelişim Performansı Üzerine Açlık ve Tekrar Beslemenin Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, 100±1 g ortalama başlangıç ağırlığına sahip gökkuşağı alabalıklarının besin kullanımı ve gelişim performansı üzerine açlık ve tekrar beslemenin etkileri araştırıldı. Deneme koşullarına adaptasyondan 1 hafta sonra, 80 balık sabit akış sistemine sahip 4 fiberglas tanka rastgele bir şekilde dağıtıldı. Balıklar 4 farklı besleme rejimine maruz bırakıldı; Kontrol: hergün günde 2 kez besleme; T1: bir gün aç bir gün tekrar besleme; T2: iki gün aç iki gün tekrar besleme; T3: üç gün aç üç gün tekrar besleme. Kısa süreli açlık ve tekrar besleme 60 gün sürdü. Deneme sonunda, final ağırlık, SBO (spesifik büyüme oranı), AK (ağırlık kazancı), YDO (Yem değerlendirme oranı) ve YYO (yemden yararlanma oranı) kontrol ve muamele gruplarında belirlendi. En yüksek değerler kontrol ve T1 grubunda gözlemlendi. En düşük değerler ise T3 de gözlemlendi. Final ağırlık, SBO, AK, YDO ve YYO değerleri arasında ki fark istatistiksel olarak önemsizdi. Sonuç olarak, gökkuşağı alabalığı açlık ve tekrar besleme süresine bağlı olarak tam bir telafi büyümesi göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gökkuşağı alabalığı,Oncorhynchus mykiss,gelişim,besleme rejimi

References

1. Ali, M., Nicieza, A., and Wootton, R.J., 2003. Compensatory growth in fishes: a response to growth depression. Fish Fisheries, 4: 147-190.
2. Adaklı, A., 2012. Farkli açlik tokluk besleme döngülerinin, avrupa deniz levreği (Dicentrarchus labrax)’nin büyüme performansi ve vücut kimyasal kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
3. Azodi, M., Ebrahimi, E., Farhadian, O., ve Mahboobi-soofiani, N., 2013. Response of Rainbow Trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) to Short Term Starvation Periods and Re-Feeding. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 5 (5): 474-480.
4. Azodi, M., Ebrahimi, E., Farhadian, O., Mahboobi-soofiani, N., Morshedi, V., 2015. Compensatory growth response of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, following short starvation periods. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33 (4): 928-933.
5. Bélanger, F., Blier, P.U. & Dutil, J.D., 2002. Digestive capacity and compensatory growth in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 26 (2): 121-128.
6. Dobson, S.H., ve Holmes, R.M., 1984. Compensatory growth in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Journal of Fish Biology, 25(6): 649-656.
7. Foss, A., Imsland, A.K., Vikingstad, E., Stefansson, S.O., Norberg, B., Pedersen, S., Sandvik T., and Roth, B., 2009. Compensatory growth in Atlantic halibut: Effect of starvation and subsequent feeding on growth, maturation, feed utilization and flesh quality. Aquaculture, 290: 304-310.
8. Gaylord, G.T., ve Gatlin III, D.M., 2001. Dietary protein and energy modifi cations to maximize compensatory growth of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 194 (3-4): 337-348.

9. Guzel, S., ve Arvas, A., 2011. Effects of different feeding strategies on the growth of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (25): 5 048-5 052.
10. Hayward, R.S., Noltie, D.B., ve Wang, N., 1997. Use of compensatory growth to double hybrid sunfish growth rates. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 126: 316–322.
11. Jiwyam, W., 2010. Growth and compensatory growth of juvenile pangasius bocourti, Sauvage, 1880 relative to ration. Aquaculture, 306: 393-397.
12. Jobling, M., Meløy, O.H., dos Santos, J., Christiansen, B.. 1994. The compensatory growth response of the Atlantic cod: effects of nutritional history. Aquaculture International, 2 (2): 75-90.
13. Jobling, M., ve Koskela, J., 1996. Interindividual variations in feeding and growth in rainbow trout during restricted feeding and in subsequent period of compensatory growth. Journal of Fish Biology, 49: 658-667.
14. Känkänen, M., and Pirhonen, J., 2009. The effect of intermittent feeding on feed intake and compensatory growth of Whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus L. Aquaculture, 288: 92-97.
15. Karataș, T., and Kocaman, E.M., 2014. Comparison of survival and growth rates of diploid brown trout eggs after applied temperature shocks. International Journal of Current Research. 6(7):7369-7371.
16. Lovell, T., 1980. Nutrition and feeding of fish. Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA. 267.
17. Mattila, J., Koskela, J., ve Pirhonen, J., 2009. The effect of the length of repeated feed deprivation between single meals on compensatory growth of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). Aquaculture, 296: 65–70.
18. Miglavs, I., ve Jobling, M., 1989. The effects of feeding regime on proximate body composition and patterns of energy deposition in Juvenile Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpines. Journal of Fish Biology, 35: 1-11.
19. Morshedi, V., Kochanian, P., Bahmani, M., Yazdani-Sadati, M.A., Pourali, H.R., Ashouri, G., Pasha-Zanoosi, H., ve Azodi, M., 2013. Compensatory growth in sub-yearling Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869: Effects of starvation and refeeding on growth, feed utilization and body composition. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 29 (5): 978-983.
20. Nicieza, A.G., & Metcalfe, N.B., 1997. Growth compensation in juvenile Atlantic salmon: Responses to depressed temperature and food availability. Ecology, 78: 2385-2400.
21. Nikki, J., Pirhonen, J., Jobling, M., & Karjalainen, J., 2004. Compensatory growth in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), held individually. Aquaculture, 235: 285–296.
22. Quinton, J.C., ve Blake, R.W., 1990. The effect of feed cycling and ration level on the compensatory growth response in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Fish Biology, 37 (1): 33-41.
23. Russell, N.R., ve Wootton, R.J., 1992. Appetite and growth compensation in the European minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (Cyprinidae), following short periods of food restriction. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 34 (3): 277- 285.
24. Sevgili, H., Hossu, B., Emre, Y., ve Kanyılmaz, M., 2013. Effect of various lengths of single phase starvation on compensatory growth in rainbow trout under summer conditions (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13 (3): 465-477.
25. Şahin, T., Akbulut, B., and Aksungur, M., 2000. Compesatory growth in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (Sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turk. J. Zool. Tubitak, 24: 81-86.
26. Tian, X.L., ve Qin, J.G., 2003. A single phase of food deprivation provoked compensatory growth in barramundi Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture, 224 (1-4): 169-179.
27. Turano, M.J., Borski, R.J., and Daniels, H.V., 2007. Compensatory growth of pond-reared hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis, fingerlings. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 38 (2): 250-261.
28. Weatherley, A.H., ve Gill, H.S., 1983. Protein, lipid, water and caloric contents of immature rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, growing at different rates. Journal of Fish Biology, 23 (6): 653-673.