The Ensiling Capability of Various Commercial Mixture Additives on Sunflower Silage Composition, Organic Matter Digestibility and Microbial Profiles

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial acid mixtures on silage chemical composition, lactobacillus, yeast and mold in the silages and organic matter digestibility. The treatment groups as follows: (1) Control (C, no additive), (2) formic acid, propionic acid and lignosulphopic acid mixture (1 g/kg, SA, soft acid®), (3) calcium formiate, sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulfite mixture (1 g/kg, Silamix®) and (4) SA+SM mixture (1 g/kg SA+1 g/kg SM) admixed to fresh sunflower crops. Then, fresh crop materials were filled one kg in vacuum nylons and vacuumed with six replicates and kept for 90 days at room temperature (about 20 to 26 °C). Dry matter content of silages were lower in the SA+SM supplemented group than those of C and SA groups and crude protein content of SM and the SA+SM groups lower than those of C and SA groups (P<0.01). The crude fiber and acid detergent fiber ratio were higher in the C group than the other groups (P<0.01). In the C group the HEM content were lower than SA+SM group (P<0.05) and in the SA group’s ADL were higher than those of other groups (P<0.01).Acids supplementations increased total digestibility nutrient ratio. The lactic acid concentration in the SA+SM group were higher than those of other groups and in the SM group, organic matter digestibility were higher than those of C and SA groups (P<0.01).Acid addition was not affect pH, ether extract, NDF, and lactobacillus and yeast count of silages. In conclusion, acids mixture supplementation to sunflower silage caused a decrease in DM, CP and ADF content, however, increased HEM, TDN, LA and OMD and so they may improve silage quality.

Keywords

• Acid additives
• Lactobacilli
• mould
• silage quality
• sunflower

Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, ticari asit karışımlarının silaj katkı maddesi olarak ayçiçeği silajında kullanılmasının kimyasal kompozisyon, lactobacillus, maya ve küf içeriği ile organik madde sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Muamele grupları; (1) kontrol ((K), katkı maddesi ilavesi yok), (2) formik asit, propiyonik asit ve lignosulfopikasit karışımı(1 g/kg, (SA), softacid®), (3) sodyum benzoat, sodyum metabisulfit ve kalsiyum formiyat karışımı (1 g/kg,(SM), Silamix®) ve (4) SA+ SM karışımı (1 g/kg SA+1 g/kg SM). Silaj materyalleri 6 tekerrürlü olarak bir litre hacimli vakum poşetlerinde vakumlanmış ve 90 gün süreyle fermantasyona bırakılmıştır. SA+SM grubunda kuru madde (KM) oranı K ve SA gruplarından, SM ve SA+SM gruplarında ham protein (HP) içeriği K ve SA gruplarından önemli derecede düşük bulunmuştur (P<0,01). K grubunda ham selüloz (HS) ve asit deterjan fiber (ADF) içeriği diğer gruplardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,01). K grubunda hemiselüloz (HEM) içeriği SA+SM grubundan daha düşük (P<0,05), SA grubunda lignin (ADL) içeriği diğer gruplardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,01). Asitlerin ilavesi ile toplam besin madde sindirilebilirliği oranı artmış; SA+SM grubunda laktik asit (LA) oranı diğer gruplardan ve SM grubunda organik madde sindirilebilirliği (OMS), K ve SA gruplarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,01). Asit ilaveleri ile silajlarda pH, ham yağ (HY), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF) ile lactobacillus ve maya sayısı etkilenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, ayçiçeği silajlarına asit karışımı ilavelerinin KM, HP ve ADF oranında azalma, HEM, toplam sindirilebilir besin maddeleri (TSBM), LA ile OMS’nde artış meydana getirdiği ve ayçiçeği silajlarında katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmasının silaj kalitesini artırabileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asit karışımları
• ayçiçeği
• küf
• Lactobacillus
• silaj kalitesi

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