For a Greener Environment: Standards versus Taxes

Öz

Emission standards referred as the “command and control” in literature is a legal limit on the amount of pollution of an individual source. Taxes, which are collected by the local or national authorities, are a fee levied on each unit of pollutant emitted into the air and water. Administrators in most cases prefer taxes to standards because of the difficulty to calculate of the relevant marginal costs and marginal benefits, not excluding external costs as well as the estimation of the monetary costs of the environmental damage. The pro and costs of standards and taxes are always discussed by the economists and policy makers. This paper thus aims to give the basic theoretical background of those policy instruments and analyse of practical implementations, which are based on fully literature review. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Environment,Taxes,Standards,Command and control

Daha Yeşil Bir Çevre İçin: Vergilere Karşı Standartlar

Abstract

Literatürde “komuta ve kontrol” olarak işaret edilen emisyon standartları bireysel kaynaktaki kirlilik miktarındaki yasal bir sınırdır. Yerel ve ulusal otoriteler tarafından toplanan vergiler hava ve su içerisinde emilen kirliliğin her birimi için alınan ücrettir. Çoğu durumda yöneticiler çevresel tahribatın parasal miktarını tahmin etmede olduğu kadar dış giderleri hariç tutmaksızın uygun marjinal fayda ve marjinal zararı hesaplama zorluğundan dolayı vergileri standartlara tercih etmektedirler. Standartlar ve vergilerin avantaj ve dezavantajları her zaman politika yapıcı ve iktisatçılar tarafından tartışılmaktadır. Bu yüzden, bu çalışma bu politika araçlarının teorik arka planını vermeyi ve tamamen literatür özetine dayalı pratik uygulamaları analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 

Keywords

• Çevre,Vergiler,Standartlar,Komuta ve kontrol

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