Strateji Tabanlı Tedarikçi Öndeğerlendirme Kriterlerinin Bulanık İlişkisel Haritalar İle Tespiti

Öz

Tedarikçi seçimi, yönetim ve karar bilimlerinde en fazla çalışılmış konulardan olmasına rağmen hala en problemli alanlardan bir tanesidir. Çünkü gerçek hayatta karar vericiler, karar verme sürecinin belirli bir aşamasından sonra hisleriyle hareket etmektedir. Seçim sürecinde meydana gelen problemleri bertaraf etmek için karar vericilerin, sürecin ilk aşaması olan kriter tespitine odaklanması gerekmektedir. Çünkü seçimin kalitesi, sürecin ilk aşamasının kalitesine bağlıdır. Gerek akademik camianın, gerek ise gerçek işletmelerin gözden kaçırdığı bir diğer önemli nokta ise örgütler arası stratejik uyumdur. Tedarikçi karakteristiklerinin örgüt stratejileri ile uyumu, işletmenin başarısı için en önemli faktörlerden bir tanesidir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, örgüt stratejileri çerçevesinde önemli olan tedarikçi ön değerlendirme kriterlerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Kriterlerin tespiti için Delphi tekniğinin veri toplama süreci uygulanmış, kriterlerin örgüt stratejileri ile ilişkilendirilmesi için ise bulanık ilişkisel haritalar kullanılmıştır. Uygulamada kullanılan veriler, otomotiv endüstrisinde faaliyet gösteren Tier-1 nitelikli global bir işletmeden temin edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, strateji tabanlı en önemli kriterlerin işletmelerin örgütsel ve yönetsel karakteristiklerini ölçen kriterler olduğunu göstermiştir. Literatürde ve pratikte çok önemli olarak değerlendirilen maliyet ve fiyat, strateji bağlamında orta seviyede önemli olarak tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla işletmelerin aday tedarikçileri ön değerlendirmeye tabi tutarken çalışanların teknik yeterliliği, sürekli iyileştirme sistemleri ve iletişim yetenekleri gibi kriterlere yoğunlaşması gerekmektedir.

Determining Strategy Based Supplier Pre-Qualification Criteria With Fuzzy Relational Maps

Abstract

Supplier Selection is one of the most studied areas in management and decision sciences. However, it is still a highly problematic subject since decision-makers take an educated guess after a certain stage in real life practices. In order to overcome the problems, decision makers should focus their attention on the first stage of the selection process, criteria determination, as the quality of the selection phase heavily depends on the first stage. Additionally, strategic fitness in supplier selection is also not much considered in the literature and real life practices. However, looking for conformity of supplying organizations with corporate strategies of buying organization is crucial for the success and leadership of the buying organization. Therefore, this paper intends to determine the most influential corporate strategy based supplier pre-qualification criteria. Data acquisition phase of the Delphi technique was used for determining criteria and fuzzy relational maps was used for relating criteria with corporate strategies. All data were collected from a global Tier-1 manufacturing company in the automotive industry. The results show that the most important strategy based criteria were mainly about organizational and managerial characteristics of the company. Cost and price, which are considered very important in the literature and in real life practices, were determined as moderately important in strategic context. Companies need to focus their attention on criteria such as technical qualification of employees, continuous improvement systems, and communication abilities when pre-qualifying suppliers.

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