Evaluation of Operational Efficiency of International Airports: A Regional Comparison

Abstract

This study, in which the operational efficiency of the busiest airports in Europe, Asia and North America are analyzed comparatively, has two objectives. The first objective is to demonstrate the relative performance of each airport by comparing it with its international counterparts and to offer solutions for those with low efficiency. The second aim of the study is to make a regional comparison and to examine the performance differences between European, Asian and North American airports. In this context, the five busiest airports in each region were included in the study. Non-radial data envelopment analysis was used for the analysis, and efficient and inefficient airports were identified. It was determined that the major reason for airport inefficiency was the inability to use the airport area effectively. In addition, the average efficiency of the airports operating in the Asian region was found to be higher than their counterparts.

Keywords

• Non-Radial DEA,Airport,Efficiency,Regional Comparison

Uluslararası Havalimanlarının Operasyonel Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi: Bölgesel Bir Karşılaştırma

Öz

Avrupa, Asya ve Kuzey Amerika’nın en işlek havalimanlarının operasyonel etkinliğinin karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edildiği bu çalışmanın iki amacı vardır. Birincisi, analize dâhil olan her bir havalimanını uluslararası rakipleri ile kıyaslayarak göreli performansını ortaya koymak ve etkinliği düşük olanlar için çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Çalışmanın ikinci amacı ise bölgesel bir karşılaştırma yaparak Avrupa, Asya ve Kuzey Amerika havalimanları arasındaki performans farklarını incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, her bölgeden beş adet olmak üzere toplam on beş havalimanı araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Havalimanlarının karşılaştırmalı performans analizinde radyal olmayan veri zarflama analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde etkin ve etkin olmayan havalimanları tespit edilmiştir. Havalimanı etkinsizliğinin en büyük nedeninin havalimanı alanının etkin bir şekilde kullanılamamasından kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Asya bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren havalimanlarının ortalama etkinliğinin rakiplerine göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Radyal Olmayan VZA,Havalimanı,Etkinlik,Bölgesel Karşılaştırma

References

1. Adler, N., Berechman, J., (2001), Measuring Airport Quality from The Airlines' Viewpoint: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis, Transport Policy, 8(3), s.171-181
2. Barros, P.C., Managi, S. ve Yoshida, Y. (2008), Technical Efficiency, Regulation, and Heterogeneity in Japanese Airports, Technical University of Lisbon, School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics Working Paper, s. 1-20
3. Charnes, A, Cooper, W.W. ve Rhodes, E (1978), Measuring Efficiency of Decision Making Units, European Journal of Operational Research, Cilt 2, s. 429-444.
4. Doganis, R., Graham, A., (1987), Airport Management: The role of Performance Indicators. Research, Report No. 13, Transport Studies Group, Polytechnic of Central London. s.271-292
5. Färe R, Lovell C.A.K. (1978), Measuring the technical efficiency of production, Journal of Economic Theory, Cilt 19, Sayı 1, s. 150-162.
6. Fernandes, E. ve Pacheco, R.R. (2002), Efficient use of airport capacity, Transportation Research Part A, Cilt 36, s. 225-238.
7. Fragoudaki, A., Giokas, D. ve Glyptou, K. (2016), Efficiency and productivity changes in Greek airports during the crisis years 2010-2014, Journal of Air Transport Management, Cilt 57, s. 306-315.
8. Gillen, D., Lall, A., (2001), Non-parametric Measures of Efficiency of US Airports, International Journal of Transportation Economics, 28(3), s. 283- 306.

9. Gillen, D., Lall, A., (1997), Developing Measures of Airport Productivity and Performance: an Application of Data Envelopment Analysis, Transportation Research , E 33, s. 261–273.
10. Lozano, S. ve Gutiérrez, E. (2011a), Slacks-based measure of efficiency of airports with air planes delays as undesirable outputs, Computers &Operations Research, Cilt 38, s. 131-139.
11. Lozano, S. ve Gutiérrez, E. (2011b), Efficiency Analysis and Target Setting of Spanish Airports, Networks and Spatial Economics, Cilt 11, Sayı 1, s. 139-157.
12. Martín, J.C., Román, C., (2001). An Application of DEA to Measure the Efficieny of Spanish Airports Prior to Privatization, Journal of Air Transportation Management, 7, s.149–157
13. Merkert, R. ve Mangia, L. (2014), Efficiency of Italian and Norwegian airports: A matter of management or of the level of competition in remote regions?, Transportation Research Part A, Cilt 62, s. 30-38.
14. Ohashi, H., Kim, T.S., Oum, T.H. ve Yu, C. (2005), Choice of air cargo transshipment airport: an application to air cargo traffic to/from Northeast Asia, Journal of Air Transport Management, Cilt 11, s. 149-159.
15. Pathomsiri, S., Haghani, A., Dresner, M. ve Windle, R.J. (2008), Impact of undesirable outputs on the productivity of US airports, Transportation Research Part E, Cilt 44, s. 235-259.
16. Pels, E., Nijkamp, P., Rietvle, P., (2001), Relative Efficiency of European Airports, Transportation Policy, 8, s. 183-192.
17. Perelman, S., Serebrisky, T., (2010), Measuring the Technical Efficiency of Airports in Latin America, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5339.
18. Sarkis, J., (2000), An Analysis of the Operational Efficiency of Major Airport in the United States, Journal of Operational Management, 18(3), s.335-351.
19. Suzuki, S., Nijkamp, N., Rietveld, P. ve Pels, E. (2010), A distance friction minimization approach in data envelopment analysis: A comparative study on airport efficiency, European Journal of Operational Research, Cilt 207, s. 1104–1115
20. Tone K (2001), A slack-based measure of efficiency in data envelopment analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, Cilt 130, Sayı 3, s. 498–509.
21. Tovar, B., Cejas, M., Rendeiro, R., (2010), Technical Efficiency and Productivity Changes in Spanish Airports: A Parametric Distance Functions Approach, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 46(2), s.249-260
22. Yoshida, Y. and Fujimoto, H. (2004), Japanese-airport benchmarking with the DEA and endogenous-weight TFP methods: testing the criticism of overinvestment in Japanese regional airports, Transportation Research Part E, Cilt 40, s. 533-546.