Research Article

al-Ishtighāl in Arabic Language Within the Context of Verses of Qurān

Number: 18 June 30, 2022
EN TR

al-Ishtighāl in Arabic Language Within the Context of Verses of Qurān

Abstract

One of the topics of ‘ilm al-naḥw which deals with the syntax and the iʻrāb of the Arabic grammar, is ishtighāl. Ishtighāl is a term used for when a noun is mentioned first in a sentence, and then an āmil acts upon a pronoun referring to that noun, or upon a muḍāf in which the pronoun is the muḍāf ilayh and therefore cannot act upon the noun. Ishtighāl, in general terms means that āmil is preoccupied with the pronoun of the maf‘ūl, and it is one of the issues that classical naḥw scholars criticized most. This is because ishtighāl has many linguistic problems. Among these problems is that classical naḥw scholars belong to different schools and modern linguists have serious difference of opinions on āmil of the antecedent noun. Scholars of the Baṣra school suggested that the āmil is necessarily omitted whereas scholars of the Kūfa school emphasized that the āmil is not omitted but what makes the antecedent noun manṣūb is the āmil mentioned afterwards. In addition to this, there are even some scholars of naḥw who completely reject the existence of āmil in the case of ishtighāl and thinks that being marfū‘ or manṣūb of the antecedent noun is subject to intention of the addresser. Besides, some naḥw scholars evaluate ishtighāl as a special style. Another problem related to ishtighāl is about i‘rāb of the the antecedent noun. Classical naḥw scholars state that i‘rāb of the the antecedent noun is either marfū‘ or manṣūb. They classified i‘rāb of the the antecedent noun into five categories based on necessity (wujūb), option (tarjīḥ) and permissibility (jawāz). Based on our studies, we can say that it is permissible (jāiz) for this noun to be marfū‘ or manṣūb, since rules have exceptions within them, naḥw scholars have various opinions about the rules and there are different types of qirāat in verses that are used as evidence for necessity (wujūb) of being marfū‘ or manṣūb. This permissibility (jawāz) arises mostly from handling ishtighāl in terms of i‘rāb and ignoraning the meaning aspect. Although there is permissibility (jawāz) for i‘rāb of ishtighāl, the meaning necessitate the necessity (wujūb), since the meaing in which the antecedent noun becomes marfū‘ is not the same when it becomes manṣūb. Another problem related to ishtighāl is its indication. The fact that scholars of naḥw in the classical period, except Ibn Maḍāʼ, recognizes assumption of āmil, led rhetoric scholars think that ishtighāl indicates ta’kīd and takhṣīṣ. On the other hand, the opposition of the last period linguists to the theory of ‘āmil in the case of ishtighāl has led them, unlike rhetoric scholars, to the idea that there is no ta’kīd nor takhṣīṣ in ishtighāl. According to them, being a manṣūb antecedent originates in that the addresser uses this noun for a specific aim such as emphasizing and underlying. This study emerges as a result of the aforementioned problems and the absence of a Turkish study about ishtighāl which is one of the main reasons for rejection of the theory of ‘āmil. This study consists of three parts. Firstly, ishtighāl is handled in general. The conceptualization process of ishtighāl, its definition and its elements and the rules for i‘rāb of the antecedent noun determined by naḥw scholars are in this part. In the second part, the opinions about the ‘āmil of the antecedent noun are systematically tackled under three titles. Third part evaluates ishtighāl over the verses of Qur’ān which are the basic source of Arabic grammar. As a result, there are eight examples for ishtighāl rules in Qur’ānic verses. These rules are addressed item by item and the verses that are the basis for these rules are interpreted.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Religious Studies

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 30, 2022

Submission Date

March 30, 2022

Acceptance Date

June 10, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Number: 18

ISNAD
Yaman, Naim. “Kur’ân Ayetleri Bağlamında Arap Dilinde İştiğâl”. Amasya İlahiyat Dergisi. 18 (June 1, 2022): 535-572. https://doi.org/10.18498/amailad.1095474.

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