Abstract
This study focuses on the exclusion named mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ (it is an exclusion wherein the thing being excluded is actually not part of the group), which is widely used in the Arabic language and the Qur’ān, and examines the equivalents of its meanings expressed in terms of grammar and rhetoric to Turkish Qur’ān translations. One of the important elements in understanding the Qur’ān from its original Arabic text and its translations made in different languages is the phenomenon of language. One of the important styles of the Arabic language and the Qur’ān is the mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ. It is important to know all aspects of this style in understanding the meanings of the verses and understanding the decrees they express. The exception is generally in two parts: muttaṣil and munḳaṭiʿ. Linguists have reached different definitions and different conclusions since they evaluate whether the exception is muttaṣil or munḳaṭiʿ from different perspectives. The type of exception commonly used in the Qur’ān is the mustathnā muttaṣil. The most obvious feature of this is to exclude something from the rule of the general. However, another type of exception, the mustathnā muttaṣil, differs from the mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ in many ways. It is common to use exceptionally muttasil. On the other hand, its use is rare. Most importantly, “illā”, which is the preposition of exception in the mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ, does not mean in its own sense, but means “lākin”, which is used to eliminate misunderstanding by removing some negative thoughts that may occur in the mind of the addressee in the previous sentence. Since the purpose in the mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ is to prevent misunderstanding that may occur in the mind of the addressee in the first sentence, it does not have the feature of allocating the previous provision. It contains important meanings in terms of mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ style and the science of rhetoric. This style is discussed under the following literary arts in the science of badīʿ (rhetorical embellishment): Ta’kīd al-madḥ bimā yushbih adz-dzham and ta’kīd adz-dzham bimā yushbih al-madḥ, is a style of language that aims to praise but is presented in expressions that resemble a form of insult and vice versa. This literary style ensures that after the negative satire statement, the phrase of praise comes while awaiting satire; on the other hand, after the positive statement of praise, when praise is awaited, the phrase satire comes and thus has a great impact on the interlocutors.
While translating the Qur’ān into any language, it is important to pay attention to mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ style and to include it in translation studies within the language possibilities. Since it is not possible for those who do not speak Arabic to understand the Quran from the Arabic text, translation and translation studies are important. Translation and translation studies have increased rapidly with the Republic period. When examining the works performed, it is seen that the mustathnā in some verses is confused with the the mustathnā muttaṣil. In many verses where there is a preposition of exception, the difference between the types of exceptions was not observed and it was translated with the word "only", which is a stereotypical expression, excluding the previous verdict. This situation causes difficulties in terms of translation since it cannot meet the main meaning, style, rhetoric and decree that is intended to be expressed in the verse. Since the volume of the article is limited, a certain number of articles were examined. In the works prepared by Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, Mustafa Öztürk and Hayreddin Karaman, it was observed that the mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ style was generally reflected in accordance with Arabic grammar and rhetoric. However, Süleyman Ateş, Halil Altuntaş, Muzaffer Şahin and Hasan Tahsin Feyizli were less able to reflect this style on their translations. It would be appropriate to translate the verses that have a mustathnā muttaṣil with expressions such as " however, except, and other than this…” in order to distinguish them from each other while translating the exclusives with different meaning into Turkish. In the translation of the verses with mustathnā munḳaṭiʿ, it would be appropriate to bring a khabar taqdīrī (unpronounced predicate) together with using expressions such as "but, yet" in order to emphasize that the preposition “illā” means “lākin”.