Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach

Buse Aydın; Aytaç Yildiz

doi:10.54559/amesia.1780230

Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach

Abstract

Today, climate change has become a global crisis threatening not only the environment but also economic, social, and political systems worldwide. This situation necessitates the systematic analysis of both the drivers contributing to climate change and the areas affected by it. Given the high level of uncertainty in environmental decision-making processes, the use of fuzzy logic-based multi-criteria decision-making approaches has become essential. In this study, the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), developed by utilizing Pythagorean fuzzy sets, is applied to prioritize the factors influencing climate change and the elements impacted by it. Accordingly, the relevant factors and elements were identified through literature review and expert opinions, and the methodological steps were followed to assign their respective weights. The results of the study indicate that among the factors contributing to climate change, fossil fuel use and carbon emissions was identified as the most critical factor. This was followed by animals and industrialization, while tourism activities and the health sector received the lowest priority levels. On the other hand, among the elements affected by climate change, biodiversity emerged as the most critical domain, with natural disasters and insects also assigned high importance levels. In contrast, destruction of cultural and historical sites and economy and socio-politics were ranked lower due to their more indirect effects. This study is the first to examine climate change drivers and impacts, ranking them under uncertainty. The findings provide decision-makers with a roadmap to identify strategic focal points in combating climate change.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by TÜBİTAK under the 2209-A Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank TÜBİTAK for its support

References

M. Türkeş, What is global climate change? Basic concepts, causes, observed and projected changes, Climate Change and Environment 1 (1) (2008) 26–37.
S. Skendžić, M. Zovko, I. P. Živković, V. Lešić, D. Lemić, The impact of climate change on agricultural insect pests, Insects 12 (5) (2021) 440.
K. Polat, İ. Dellal, Determining the factors affecting farmers’ climate change perceptions and adoption of good agricultural practices in the Göksu delta, Journal of Agricultural Economics Research 2 (2) (2016) 46–54.
M. Demirbaş, R. Aydın, The greatest threat of the 21st century: Global climate change, Ecological Life Sciences 15 (4) (2020) 163–179.
M. Batan, Z. F. Toprak, The mutual triggering of drivers and outcomes in climate change, Dicle University Faculty of Engineering Journal 11 (2) (2020) 759–769.
F. Ay, N. Yalçın Erik, Knowledge and perception levels of university students towards global warming and climate change, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Letters Journal of Social Sciences 2 (2) (2020) 1–18.
M. H. Aydoğdu, Climate change: Problems and can they be managed?, Social Science Development Journal 9 (46) (2024) 79–91.
S. Qamar, M. Ahmad, B. Oryani, Q. Zhang, Solar energy technology adoption and diffusion by micro, small, and medium enterprises: Sustainable energy for climate change mitigation, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (32) (2022) 49385–49403.

F. Büyükşahin, Air pollution through anthropogenic impacts and climate change, International Journal of Human Studies 1 (1) (2018) 14–26.
M. Tuzer, İklim değişikliğinin bilimsel temelleri, Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi 10 (3) (2021) 639–656.
A. G. Olabi, M. A. Abdelkareem, Renewable energy and climate change, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 158 (2022) Article ID 112111.
I. Agache, V. Sampath, J. Aguilera, C. A. Akdis, M. Akdis, M. Barry, A. Bouagnon, S. Chinthrajah, W. Collins, C. Dulitzki, B. Erny, J. Gomez, A. Goshua, M. Jutel, K. W. Kizer, O. Kline, A. D. LaBeaud, I. Pali-Schöll, K. P. Perrett, R. L. Peters, …, K. C. Nadeau, Climate change and global health: A call to more research and more action, Allergy 77 (5) (2022) 1389–1407.
Q. Zhao, P. Yu, R. Mahendran, W. Huang, Y. Gao, Z. Yang, T. Ye, B. Wen, Y. Wu, S. Li, Y. Guo, Global climate change and human health: Pathways and possible solutions, Eco-Environment & Health 1 (2) (2022) 53–62.
H. Elbasiouny, H. El-Ramady, F. Elbehiry, V. D. Rajput, T. Minkina, S. Mandzhieva, Plant nutrition under climate change and soil carbon sequestration, Sustainability 14 (2) (2022) 914.
S. Karaman, Z. Gökalp, Impacts of global warming and climate change over water resources, Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3 (1) (2010) 59–66.
Ş. Yemişçioğlu, A. Cahantimur, Climate migrations caused by climate change: A comparison of national and international literature, Idealkent 16 (43) (2024) 276–302.
P. Yapıcıoğlu, Ö. Demir, An overview of climate change and greenhouse effect for wastewater treatment plants, Uludağ University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering 22 (3) (2017) 235–250.
M. C. S. de Abreu, K. Webb, F. S. M. Araújo, J. P. L. Cavalcante, From business as usual to tackling climate change: Exploring factors affecting low-carbon decision-making in the Canadian oil and gas sector, Energy Policy 148 (2021) Article ID 111932.
C. M. Godde, D. Mason-D’Croz, D. E. Mayberry, P. K. Thornton, M. Herrero, Impacts of climate change on the livestock food supply chain; a review of the evidence, Global Food Security 28 (2021) Article ID 100488.
M. Cheng, B. McCarl, C. Fei, Climate change and livestock production: a literature review, Atmosphere 13 (1) (2022) 140.
E. Ş. Pınarcı, E. Güven, T. Eren, Yeşil hastanelerin çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmesi, Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi 6 (1) (2025) 39–58.
G. Ketrez, Carbon footprint of healthcare: A bibliometric analysis using visual mapping technique, Ejons International Journal on Mathematics, Engineering and Natural Sciences 8 (4) (2024) 446–458.
A. Jerin, M. P. Mahmud, L. Ackland, A. Z. Kouzani, Recent progress on carbon footprint assessment of healthcare services, Environmental Research Communications 6 (2024) Article ID 102001.
A. Karabayır, İklim değişikliğinin tarım ve hayvancılığa etkileri, Şura Akademi Dergisi (8) (2025) 11–22.
A. Demir, The effects of global climate change on biological diversity and ecosystem resources, Ankara University Journal of Environmental Sciences 1 (2) (2009) 37–54.
M. Türkeş, İklim diplomasisi ve iklim değişikliğinin ekonomi politiği, Bilim ve Ütopya 332 (2022) 31–45.
V. Davamani, J. E. John, C. Poornachandhra, B. Gopalakrishnan, S. Arulmani, E. Parameswari, R. Naidu, A critical review of climate change impacts on groundwater resources: A focus on the current status, future possibilities, and role of simulation models, Atmosphere 15 (1) (2024) Article Number 122.
M. Aydın, A. Ugiş, E. Akkuzu, S. Ünal, Forest fire effects on water resources, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17 (4) (2017) 554–564.
Ç. Tuğaç, The adaptation dimension of combating the climate crisis, in: D. Evci Kiraz (Ed.), 1st International Health and Climate Change Congress, Online, 2021, pp. 22–34.
K. Ö. Kara, A. B. Yereli, Management of climate change and the agricultural sector, Journal of Disaster and Risk 5 (1) (2022) 361–379.
W. D. Nordhaus, After Kyoto: Alternative mechanisms to control global warming, American Economic Review 96 (2) (2006) 31–34.
G. Hu, K. J. Feeley, M. Yu, Habitat fragmentation drives plant community assembly processes across life stages, PLOS One 11 (7) (2016) Article ID e0159572.
N. Badrzadeh, J. M. V. Samani, M. Mazaheri, A. Kuriqi, Evaluation of management practices on agricultural nonpoint source pollution discharges into the rivers under climate change effects, Science of the Total Environment 838 (2022) Article ID 156643.
S. Güngör, U. Özcan, Decision theory and decision making, European Journal of Science and Technology (33) (2022) 119–125.
E. K. Zavadskas, Z. Turskis, S. Kildienė, State of the art surveys of overviews on MCDM/MADM methods, Technological and Economic Development of Economy 20 (1) (2014) 165–179.
E. Dalbudak, Ö. F. Rençber, A literature review on multi-criteria decision-making methods, Gaziantep University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 4 (1) (2022) 1–17.
E. E. Nebati, Havayolu operasyonlarında dayanıklı ekip eşlemesi için bir karar destek modeli önerisi: Pisagor AHP–Pisagor WASPAS yaklaşımı, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 81 (2024) 92–110.
A. Kumar, S. Pant, Analytical hierarchy process for sustainable agriculture: An overview, MethodsX 10 (2023) Article ID 101954.
M. Bozdoğan, E. Canpolat, Landslides susceptibility analysis of Delibekirli (Kırıkhan/Hatay) basin by analytical hierarchy process (AHP), Aegean Geographical Journal 31 (1) (2022) 33–53.
B. Ülker, T. Over Özçelik, Sustainable supply chain management and supplier selection with fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods, Turkish Journal of Engineering Research and Education 3 (1) (2024) 1–18.
R. R. Yager, Pythagorean fuzzy subsets, Proceedings of the Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFFCCS Annual Meeting, 2013, pp. 57–61.
K. Atanassov, Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 20 (1) (1986) 87–96.
M. T. Çelik, A. Yıldız, Evaluation of factors affecting innovation productivity by Pythagorean fuzzy AHP method, Journal of Productivity 1 (2024) 89–106.
M. C. Tezcan, Pisagor bulanık kümelere entegre AHP ve TOPSİS yöntemleri ile uçak tipi seçiminin optimizasyonu: Havayolu işletmeleri için model önerisi, Havacılık Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 (1) (2024) 1–24.
A. Karasan, E. İlbahar, C. Kahraman, A novel Pythagorean fuzzy AHP and its application to landfill site selection problem, Soft Computing 23 (21) (2019) 10953–10968.
İ. Gürsoy, Evaluation of target market selection criteria of foreign trade companies with interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy AHP: An application in the automotive sector, Journal of Management and Economics 31 (4) (2024) 805–822.
M. C. Tezcan, T. Eren, Orman yangınına sebep olan kriterlerin bulanık ortamda değerlendirilmesi, Politeknik Dergisi 27 (2) (2024) 545–558.
Y. Yazar, B. Bayram, Ş. G. Coşkun, T. Eren, Design and site selection of an ergonomic kiosk device operating with a decision support system using fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods, International Journal of Management Information Systems and Computer Science 7 (1) (2023) 68–84.
S. Salari, M. Sadeghi-Yarandi, F. Golbabaei, An integrated approach to occupational health risk assessment of manufacturing nanomaterials using Pythagorean fuzzy AHP and fuzzy inference system, Scientific Reports 14 (2024) 180.
L.-D. Ma, W.-X. Wang, J.-W. Xie, Y.-Q. Fu, W. Wu, Evaluation of product conceptual design based on Pythagorean fuzzy set under big data environment, Scientific Reports 12 (2022) 22387.
D. Farooq, Application of Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for assessing driver behavior criteria associated to road safety, Journal of Soft Computing and Decision Analytics 2 (1) (2024) 144–158.
S. Lahane, R. Kant, Evaluating the circular supply chain implementation barriers using Pythagorean fuzzy AHP-DEMATEL approach, Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain 2 (2021) Article ID 100014.
M. R. Milošević, D. M. Milošević, D. M. Stević, M. Kovačević, Interval valued Pythagorean fuzzy AHP integrated model in a smartness assessment framework of buildings, Axioms 12 (3) (2023) 286.
P. C. Shete, Z. N. Ansari, R. Kant, A Pythagorean fuzzy AHP approach and its application to evaluate the enablers of sustainable supply chain innovation, Sustainable Production and Consumption 23 (2020) 77–93.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Fuzzy Computation

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Buse Aydın
0009-0008-0542-0270
Türkiye

Aytaç Yildiz ^*
0000-0002-0729-633X
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

September 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 7, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 6 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54559/amesia.1780230

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA34TJ87EU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Aydın, B., & Yildiz, A. (2025). Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach. Amesia, 6(2), 130-152. https://doi.org/10.54559/amesia.1780230

AMA

1.Aydın B, Yildiz A. Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach. Amesia. 2025;6(2):130-152. doi:10.54559/amesia.1780230

Chicago

Aydın, Buse, and Aytaç Yildiz. 2025. “Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach”. Amesia 6 (2): 130-52. https://doi.org/10.54559/amesia.1780230.

EndNote

Aydın B, Yildiz A (December 1, 2025) Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach. Amesia 6 2 130–152.

IEEE

[1]B. Aydın and A. Yildiz, “Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach”, Amesia, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 130–152, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.54559/amesia.1780230.

ISNAD

Aydın, Buse - Yildiz, Aytaç. “Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach”. Amesia 6/2 (December 1, 2025): 130-152. https://doi.org/10.54559/amesia.1780230.

JAMA

1.Aydın B, Yildiz A. Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach. Amesia. 2025;6:130–152.

MLA

Aydın, Buse, and Aytaç Yildiz. “Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach”. Amesia, vol. 6, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 130-52, doi:10.54559/amesia.1780230.

Vancouver

1.Buse Aydın, Aytaç Yildiz. Assessment of Climate Change Factors and Impacts Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP Approach. Amesia. 2025 Dec. 1;6(2):130-52. doi:10.54559/amesia.1780230

EBSCO	DOAJ
Scilit	SOBIAD