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SİBİRYA’DA ÜST PALEOLİTİK ÇAĞ’DA SİMGESEL DAVRANIŞLAR VE TAŞINABİLİR SANAT NESNELERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 455 - 502, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.48122/amisos.832121

Abstract

Sibirya’da Üst Paleolitik Çağ’ın başlangıcı, en azından, günümüzden yaklaşık 47.000 öncesine tarihlenir. Öncül Üst Paleolitik Çağ’ın nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve hangi insan -alt- türüyle ilişkilendirilmesi gerektiği konusunda tartışmalar sürerken, o evrenin başından itibaren görülen dilgi temelli taş endüstrilerinin gün ışığına çıkarıldığı kültür katmanlarından “simgesel davranışlar”ı işaret eden çok sayıda maddi kültür ögesi bulunmuştur. Anatomik açıdan modern insanların Avrasya’ya yayılımı ile ilişkilendirilen “modern davranışlar” (veya “davranışsal modernlik”) ve onun bir alt kümesi olan “simgesel davranışlar” kavramları altında tanımlanan pek çok unsurun Sibirya’da Öncül Üst Paleolitik Çağ’ın başından itibaren görülmesi, o yeni kültürün modern insan topluluklarına atfedilmesi yönünde önemli bir destek olarak görülebilir. Bu makalede, Sibirya’da Üst Paleolitik Çağ’ın başlangıcı hakkındaki hipotezleri, sorunları; o çağda görülen “simgesel davranışlar”a işaret eden bulguları ve öne çıkan örnekleri; ölü gömme ve inanca ilişkin bulgular, süs nesneleri ve takılar, taşınabilir sanat nesneleri, iki boyutlu betimlemeler, kaya ve mağara resimleri başlıkları altında incelemeye çalışacağım.

References

  • Abramova, Zoya A.; Page, Catherine vd. (1967). “Palaeolithic Art in the U.S.S.R.”, Arctic Anthropology, Vol. 4, No. 2. (1-179)
  • Akimova, Elena V.; Higham, Tristan vd. (2010). “A new direct radiocarbon AMS date for an Upper Palaeolithic human bone from Siberia”, Archaeometry, 52(6). (1122-1130)
  • Altın, Vural (2007). İklim Dinamikleri, TÜBİTAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi Eki, Şubat Sayısı.
  • Bar-Yosef, Ofer ve Wang, Youping (2012). “Paleolithic archaeology in China”, Annual Review of Anthropology, 41. (319-335)
  • Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Eren, Metin I. vd. (2012). “Were bamboo tools made in prehistoric Southeast Asia? An experimental view from South China”, Quaternary International, 269. (9-21)
  • Bar-Yosef, Ofer ve Belfer-Cohen, Anna (2013). “Following Pleistocene road signs of human dispersals across Eurasia”, Quaternary International, 285. (30-43).
  • Bednarik, Robert G. (1994). “The pleistocene art of Asia”, Journal of World Prehistory, 8(4). (351-375)
  • Bednarik, Robert. G. (1997). “The global evidence of early human symboling behaviour”, Human Evolution, 12(3). (147-168)
  • Bednarik, Robert. G. (2010). “An overview of Asian palaeoart of the Pleistocene”, In Proceedings of the IFRAO Congress, September 2010 – Symposium: Pleistocene art of Asia (Pre-Acts). (1-12)
  • Belousova, Natalia E.; Rybin, Evgeny P. vd. (2018). “Kara- Bom: new investigations of a Palaeolithic site in the Gorny Altai, Russia”, Antiquity, 92(361). (1-7)
  • Berkant, Evrensel B. (2020). Genetik ve Arkeolojik Araştırmalar Işığında Üst Paleolitik Çağ'da Arkaik Altay Halklarının Doğu Sibirya'dan Göçleri, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi).
  • Buvit, Ian ve Terry, Karisa (2011). “Last Glacial Maximum human populations in the southwest Transbaikal, southern Siberia”, From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. Editors T. Goebel, I. Buvit. Texas: Texas University Press. (ss. 45-57)
  • Buvit, Ian; Terry, Karisa vd. (2015). “The emergence of modern behavior in the Trans-Baikal, Russia”, Emergence and Diversity of Modern Human Behavior in Paleolithic, Editors Y. Kaifu, M. Izuho, T. Goebel, A. Ono., Texas, Texas University Press. (490-505)
  • Buvit, Ian; Izuho, Masami vd. (2016). “Radiocarbon dates, microblades and late Pleistocene human migrations in the Transbaikal, Russia and the Paleo-Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Kuril Peninsula”, Quaternary International, 425. (100-119)
  • Clark, Peter U.; Dyke, Arthur S. vd. (2009). “The last glacial maximum”, Science, 325(5941). (710-714)
  • Dikov, Nikolai N. (2004). Early cultures of northeastern Asia, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program, Alaska.
  • Derevianko, Anatoly P. (2011). The Upper Paleolithic in Africa and Eurasia and the Origin of Anatomically Modern Humans, International Symposium Features of the Upper Paleolithic Transition in Eurasia: Cultural Dynamics and the Evolution of the Genus Homo: Denisova Cave, the Altai, 4-10 July, 2011, Editor M. V. Shunkov, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS Press, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.

SYMBOLIC BEHAVIOR AND PORTABLE ART OBJECTS IN THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC IN SIBERIA

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 455 - 502, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.48122/amisos.832121

Abstract

The beginning of the Upper Paleolithic in Siberia, at least, dates back to about 47,000 years ago. While there are debates about how the Initial Upper Paleolithic emerged and which human species it should be associated with, many material culture elements that point to "symbolic behavior" were found from the cultural layers where blade-based stone industries were exposed from the beginning of that phase. From the beginning of the Initial Upper Paleolithic in Siberia, the occurrence of many elements defined under the concepts of "modern behavior" (or "behavioral modernity"), and a subset of it, "symbolic behavior", which are associated with the spread of anatomically modern humans to Eurasia, can be seen as an important support for the attribution of the new culture to modern human populations. In this article, I tried to examine the hypotheses and problems about the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic in Siberia; findings and prominent examples indicating the "symbolic behavior" seen during the Upper Paleolithic as categorized them under the headings of the evidences that related burial and belief system and the findings including ornaments and jewelry, portable art objects, two-dimensional depictions on osseous plates, rock and cave arts.

References

  • Abramova, Zoya A.; Page, Catherine vd. (1967). “Palaeolithic Art in the U.S.S.R.”, Arctic Anthropology, Vol. 4, No. 2. (1-179)
  • Akimova, Elena V.; Higham, Tristan vd. (2010). “A new direct radiocarbon AMS date for an Upper Palaeolithic human bone from Siberia”, Archaeometry, 52(6). (1122-1130)
  • Altın, Vural (2007). İklim Dinamikleri, TÜBİTAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi Eki, Şubat Sayısı.
  • Bar-Yosef, Ofer ve Wang, Youping (2012). “Paleolithic archaeology in China”, Annual Review of Anthropology, 41. (319-335)
  • Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Eren, Metin I. vd. (2012). “Were bamboo tools made in prehistoric Southeast Asia? An experimental view from South China”, Quaternary International, 269. (9-21)
  • Bar-Yosef, Ofer ve Belfer-Cohen, Anna (2013). “Following Pleistocene road signs of human dispersals across Eurasia”, Quaternary International, 285. (30-43).
  • Bednarik, Robert G. (1994). “The pleistocene art of Asia”, Journal of World Prehistory, 8(4). (351-375)
  • Bednarik, Robert. G. (1997). “The global evidence of early human symboling behaviour”, Human Evolution, 12(3). (147-168)
  • Bednarik, Robert. G. (2010). “An overview of Asian palaeoart of the Pleistocene”, In Proceedings of the IFRAO Congress, September 2010 – Symposium: Pleistocene art of Asia (Pre-Acts). (1-12)
  • Belousova, Natalia E.; Rybin, Evgeny P. vd. (2018). “Kara- Bom: new investigations of a Palaeolithic site in the Gorny Altai, Russia”, Antiquity, 92(361). (1-7)
  • Berkant, Evrensel B. (2020). Genetik ve Arkeolojik Araştırmalar Işığında Üst Paleolitik Çağ'da Arkaik Altay Halklarının Doğu Sibirya'dan Göçleri, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi).
  • Buvit, Ian ve Terry, Karisa (2011). “Last Glacial Maximum human populations in the southwest Transbaikal, southern Siberia”, From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. Editors T. Goebel, I. Buvit. Texas: Texas University Press. (ss. 45-57)
  • Buvit, Ian; Terry, Karisa vd. (2015). “The emergence of modern behavior in the Trans-Baikal, Russia”, Emergence and Diversity of Modern Human Behavior in Paleolithic, Editors Y. Kaifu, M. Izuho, T. Goebel, A. Ono., Texas, Texas University Press. (490-505)
  • Buvit, Ian; Izuho, Masami vd. (2016). “Radiocarbon dates, microblades and late Pleistocene human migrations in the Transbaikal, Russia and the Paleo-Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Kuril Peninsula”, Quaternary International, 425. (100-119)
  • Clark, Peter U.; Dyke, Arthur S. vd. (2009). “The last glacial maximum”, Science, 325(5941). (710-714)
  • Dikov, Nikolai N. (2004). Early cultures of northeastern Asia, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program, Alaska.
  • Derevianko, Anatoly P. (2011). The Upper Paleolithic in Africa and Eurasia and the Origin of Anatomically Modern Humans, International Symposium Features of the Upper Paleolithic Transition in Eurasia: Cultural Dynamics and the Evolution of the Genus Homo: Denisova Cave, the Altai, 4-10 July, 2011, Editor M. V. Shunkov, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS Press, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Archaeology
Journal Section DERLEME / COMPILATION
Authors

Evrensel Barış Berkant 0000-0003-4023-1244

Publication Date December 29, 2020
Submission Date November 27, 2020
Acceptance Date December 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 9

Cite

Chicago Berkant, Evrensel Barış. “SİBİRYA’DA ÜST PALEOLİTİK ÇAĞ’DA SİMGESEL DAVRANIŞLAR VE TAŞINABİLİR SANAT NESNELERİ”. Amisos 5, no. 9 (December 2020): 455-502. https://doi.org/10.48122/amisos.832121.

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