Zika Virus Outbreaks and Its Relation to Fetal Abnormalities in Pregnancy

Year 2016, , 0 - 0, 20.05.2016

Raziye Desdicioğlu Melahat Yıldırım Ayşe Filiz Yavuz Avşar

https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.17706

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This review evaluates current knowledge relating to Zika virus (ZV) infection, disease outbreaks which particularly began at the end of 2015 and ZV related congenital anomalies, and prevention methods of the disease as well. ZV was first described in Uganda in 1947. Although several local outbreaks occurred, it was out of the knowledge until 2015. The increased incidence of microcephaly cases in regions of disease outbreaks in Brazil let people focus on the relationship between infection and neurological abnormalities. In the same region, the detection of virus RNA by using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in blood and amniotic fluid of a woman who gave a birth to a baby with microcephaly and neurological abnormalities has attracted the attention of the world. Local and global health organizations release disease-prevention strategies in succession for pregnant women and the women who plan to conceive. In this review, we aimed to search the literature regarding this disease in our country and other regions of the world and we wanted to create awareness about the prevention strategies of ZV infections. 

Keywords

Zika virus, pregnancy, microcephaly

Zika Virüs Salgınları ve Virüsün Gebelikte Fetal Anomalilerle İlişkisi

Abstract

Bu derleme, özellikle 2015 yılının son aylarından itibaren salgın yapan ve konjenital anomalilerle ilişkilendirilen Zika virüs (ZV) enfeksiyonu ve korunma yollarını değerlendirmektedir. ZV, ilk kez 1947’de Uganda’da tanımlanmıştır. Birkaç lokal salgın yapsa da, 2015 yılına kadar adından çok söz edilmemiştir. Brezilya’da ZV salgını olan bölgelerde artan mikrosefali olgu sayısı, enfeksiyon ile nörolojik anomalilerin ilişkisine dikkatleri yönlendirmiştir. Aynı bölgede mikrosefali ve başka nörolojik anomalili doğum yapan annelerin serum ve amniyon sıvılarında Revers Transkripsiyon Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyon (RT-PCR) testleri ile ZV RNA’sının tespit edilmesi, dünyanın dikkatini bu yöne çekmiştir. Yerel ve global sağlık örgütleri ard arda gebe ve gebelik planlayan kadınlarla ilgili bazı önlem ve önleme stratejileri yayınlamaktadırlar. Biz de derlememizde ülkemiz ve dünyanın diğer ülkelerinde bu hastalık hakkındaki literatür bilgisini araştırmak ve ZV enfeksiyonlarını önleme stratejileri hakkında farkındalık oluşturmak istedik.

Keywords

Zika virüs, gebelik, mikrosefali

References

• Cao-Lormeau VM, Roche C, Teissier A, et al. Zika virus, French Polynesia, South Pacific, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014; 20: 1085–6.
• Dick GWA, Kitchen SF, Haddow AJ. Zika virus. I. Isolations and serological specificity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1952;46: 509–20.
• Musso D, Nilles EJ, Cao-Lormeau VM. Rapid spread of emerging Zika virus in the Pacific area. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 Oct;20(10):O595-6. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691. 12707. Epub 2014 Aug 4.
• Foy BD, Kobylinski KC, Chilson Foy JL, et al. Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(15):880-2.
• Musso D, Roche C, Robin E, Nhan T, Teissier A, Cao-Lormeau VM. Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Feb; 21(2):359-61.
• Besnard M, Lastere S, Teissier A, Cao-Lormeau V, Musso D. Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014. Euro Surveill. 2014 Apr 3;19(13). pii:20751.
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid risk assessment: microcephaly in Brazil potentially linked to the Zika virus epidemic. Stockholm, Sweden: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2015. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/ zika-microcephaly-Brazil-rapid-risk-assessment-Nov-2015.pdf.
• CDC. CDC health advisory: recognizing, managing, and reporting Zika virus infections in travelers returning from Central America, South America, the Caribbean and Mexico. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2016. http://emergency.cdc.gov/ han/han00385.asp.
• Staples JE, Dziuban EJ, Fischer M, et al. Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation and Testing of Infants with Possible Congenital Zika Virus Infection-United States, 2016
• Tetro JA. Zika and microcephaly: causation, correlation, or coincidence? Microbes Infect. 2016 Mar;18(3):167-8. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.12.010. [Epub ahead of print].
• Schuler-Faccini L, Ribeiro EM, Feitosa IM, et al. Zika Embryopathy Task Force. Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly-Brazil, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016; 65(3): 59-62.
• Pan American Health Organization. Epidemiological alert. Increase in microcephaly in the northeast of Brazil-epidemiological alert. Washington DC: World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization; 2015.
• Oliveira Melo AS, Malinger G, Ximenes R, Szejnfeld PO, Alves Sampaio S, Bispo de Filippis AM. Zika virus intrauterine infection causes fetal brain abnormality and microcephaly: tip of the iceberg? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47(1):6-7.
• Faye O, Freire CC, Iamarino A, et al. Molecular evolution of Zika virus during its emergence in the 20(th)century. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014; 8(1): e2636.
• Oehler E, Watrin L, Larre P, et al. Zika virus infection complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome-case report, French Polynesia, December 2013. Euro Surveill. 2014; 6: 19(9). pii: 20720
• Sejvar JJ, Baughman AL, Wise M, Morgan OW. Population incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2011; 36(2): 123-33.
• CDC. Recognizing, managing, and reporting Zika virus infections in travelers returning from Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and Mexico. CDC Health Advisory. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2016. http://emergency.cdc.gov/ han/han00385.asp.
• Hayes EB. Zika virus outside Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009; 15 (9) :1347-50.
• CDC. Travelers’ health: avoid bug bites. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2013. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/ travel/page/avoid-bug-bites
• Dick GW. Zika virus. II. Pathogenicity and physical properties. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1952; 46: 521e34
• Higgs S. Zika Virus: Emergence and Emergency. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016; 16 (2): 75-6.
• Sağlık Bakanlığı [İnternet]. http:// www.saglik.gov.tr/.../zika-virusu-hastaligina-iliskin-basin-aciklamasi-251 (Erişim Tarihi: 25.12.201- güncellenme tarihi 14.03.2016).