Hemşirelerin Deneyimledikleri Ahlaki Sorunlar

Öz

Giriş: Bu çalışmada amacımız hemşirelerin deneyimledikleri ahlaki sorunları belirlemektir. 
Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, 1 Şubat-31 Mayıs 2012 tarihleri arasında Ankara/Türkiye’de özel bir hastanede gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastanede çalışan 256 hemşire araştırmaya katılmaya davet edilmiştir. 166 hemşire çalışmaya katılmayı kabul etmiştir (Yanıtlanma oranı %64,80). Veriler sosyo-demografik özellikler ve hemşirelerin sıklıkla karşılaştıkları ahlaki sorunları belirlemeye yönelik açık uçlu soruları içeren iki bölümden oluşan soru formu ile toplanmıştır. Veriler, niceliksel ve niteliksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Hemşirelerin deneyimledikleri ahlaki sorunlara yönelik cevapları yorumlayıcı analiz ile değerlendirilmiştir. Gelen cevap içerikleri etik ilke ihlallerini tanımlamak üzere tabakalandırılarak sunulmuştur.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 29 ± 4,50 olup, hepsi kadın, %53,61’i evli ve %72,89’u lisans düzeyinde hemşirelik eğitimi almıştır. Hemşirelerin yaklaşık olarak %86,75’i çalıştıkları kurumda kendilerini ahlaki olarak rahatsız eden bir sorun yaşadığını belirtmiştir. En sıklıkla deneyimlenen sorunlar; etik ilkelerin ihlali (zarar vermeme ilkesi ihlali %32,64); hasta, hasta yakını ve doktorlar (%32,64) tarafından uygulanan “yıldırma” ve hasta ile sağlık personeli arasındaki uygun olmayan iletişim (%9,72) olarak sıralanmıştır. Deneyimlenen ahlaki sorunların %39,10’unun çözümlenmiş olduğu ve hemşirelerin %50,00’sinin çözüm süreci içinde yer aldığı bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: En sık deneyimlenen ahlaki sorunlar; etik ilklerin ihlali, hastalar/ akrabaları ve doktorlardan kaynaklanan "yıldırma” ve sağlık profesyonelleri (doktor, hemşire ve diğerleri) ile hastaları arasındaki uygun olmayan iletişimdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Etik,hemşirelik etiği,ahlak

Moral Problems Experienced by Nurses

Abstract

Objectives: To identify the moral problems experienced by nurses. 
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Present study was conducted at a private Turkish hospital between February 1 and May 31, 2012. All 256 nurses employed by the hospital were asked to participate in the study. A total of 166 nurses agreed to participate (response rate = 64.80%). Data was collected through a questionnaire that consisted of two sections: socio-demographic characteristics and the most frequently experienced moral problems. The data was analyzed both descriptively and quantitatively. The nurses’ responses were thoroughly assessed via an interpretative analysis. The contents of these responses were stratified to define specific ethical principle violations. 
Results: Nurses’ mean age was 29 ± 4.50 years old; all were female, 53.61% were married, and 72.89% had a Bachelor’s degree in nursing. Approximately 87.00% of the nurses had experienced a moral problem at the hospital. The most commonly identified moral problems were violations of ethical principles (violations of non-maleficence 32.64%), “mobbing” from patients, their relatives, or doctors (32.64%); and problems related to inappropriate communications between healthcare professionals and patients (9.72%). Approximately 39.10% of the moral problems were resolved, and 50.00% of the nurses were involved in the resolution process.
Conclusion: The most common moral problems identified by the nurses were violations of ethical principles, “mobbing” from patients, their relatives, and doctors; and inappropriate communication between healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses etc) and their patients. 

Keywords

• Ethics,nursing ethics,morality

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