Dysphagia and Oral Health

Abstract

Chewing, transfer of nutrients and swallowing are continuous events. Chewing function covers the coordinated movement of teeth, chewing muscles, temporomandibular joints, tongue, cheeks and lips. Swallowing is a dynamic and complex movement with a widespread sensory motor neural network, requiring coordinated work of lips, tongue, palate, pharynx, larynx and esophageal muscles. In case of dysphagia, defined as deterioration at any stage of the swallowing sequence, the safety, efficiency or adequacy of food intake may be impaired. Patients with dysphagia are known to be at greater risk of developing aspiration pneumonia Diagnosis and treatment of these patients often requires a multidisciplinary approach. It is critical for an impaired oral and dental health condition and oral infections, especially for aspiration and related conditions. In order to prevent such infections, patients with swallowing dysfunction should care to oral and dental health, and they should be trained to provide oral hygiene. In these patients, it will be possible to contribute to the chewing function and indirectly to swallow problems by completing the oral and dental treatments and providing a good occlusion.

Keywords

• Dysphagia,chewing,swallowing,oral and dental health

Yutma Bozukluğu ve Ağız Sağlığı

Öz

Çiğneme, besinlerin transferi ve yutma süreğen olaylardır. Çiğneme fonksiyonu dişlerin, çiğneme kaslarının, temporomandibular eklemin ve dilin, yanakların, dudakların koordineli hareketlerini içerir. Yutma fonksiyonu ise dudaklar, dil, damak, farinks, larinks ve özefagus kaslarının koordine çalışmasını gerektiren, yaygın duyusal motor sinir ağına sahip, dinamik ve karmaşık bir harekettir. Yutma dizisinin herhangi bir aşamasında gerçekleşen bozulma olarak tariflenen disfaji durumunda besin alımının güvenliği, verimliliği veya yeterliliği zarar görebilir. Çoğunlukla disfaji tanı ve tedavisi multidisipliner bir yaklaşım gerektirir. Disfajisi olan hastalar aspirasyon pnömonisi gelişimi açısından büyük risk içindedirler. Bozulmuş bir ağız ve diş sağlığı varlığı ile ortaya çıkan oral kaynaklı enfeksiyonlar, özellikle aspirasyon ve ilişkili enfeksiyonlar için kritiktir. Bu tip enfeksiyonların önüne geçmek için yutma fonksiyon bozukluğu olan hastalar ağız-diş sağlığına önem vermeli, ağız hijyeninin sağlanması için eğitilmelidirler. Bu hastalarda ağız-diş sağlığına yönelik tedavilerin tamamlanması ve iyi bir diş kapanış ilişkisinin sağlanması ile çiğneme fonksiyonuna, dolaylı olarak da yutma problemlerinin giderilmesine katkı sağlanması mümkün olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yutma güçlüğü,çiğneme,yutma,ağız ve diş sağlığı

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