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Gebelikte Bitkisel Ürünlerin Kullanımı

Year 2016, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 0 - 0, 20.05.2016

Melahat Yildirim Raziye Desdicioglu , Halil Kara , Ayse Filiz Yavuz Avsar

https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.70285
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bitkisel ürünlerin kullanımı, doğal, güvenilir ve diğer reçete edilen ilaçlara göre daha zararsız oldukları varsayıldığından, hastalıkların tedavisinde artan bir populariteye sahip olmaktadır.  Bununla beraber, şimdiye kadar bu bitkisel ürünlerin büyük bir kısmı etraflıca incelenmemiştir. Gebe kadınlardaki bu geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıbba olan aşırı ilgi, bu tedavi seçeneğinin gebelikte kullanımı ve güvenilirliği ile ilgili endişeleri de artırmıştır.

Bu derlemede, gebelikte sıklıkla kullanılan bitkileri mercek altına aldık ve özellikle de bu bitkilerin potansiyel ters reaksiyonları ve teratojenik etkilerine dikkat çektik.

 

Keywords

Bitkisel ilaç gebelik advers etki güvenlik

References

  • Coulter ID, Willis EM. The rise and rise of complementary and alternative medicine: a sociological perspective. Med J Aust 2004;180:587–9.
  • Gardiner P, Kemper KJ, Legedza A, Phillips RS. Factors associated with herb and dietary supplement use by young adults in the United States. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7:39.
  • Clement YN, Morton-Gittens J, Basdeo L, et al. Perceived efficacy of herbal remedies by users accessing primary healthcare in Trinidad. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7(7):14-22.
  • World Health Organization. Traditional medicine. Fact sheet Number 134. Available at http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/. Accessed on February 4, 2013.
  • Eisenberg DA, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: Results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 1998;280:1569–70.
  • Bishop, J. L., Northstone, K., Green, J. R., Thompson, E. A. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in pregnancy: Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2011;19(6), 303–10.
  • Holst L,Wright D, Haavik S, Nordeng H. Safety and efficacy of herbal remedies in obstetrics—review and clinical implications. Midwifery 2011;27:80–6.
  • Dugoua, J. Herbal medicines and pregnancy. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology 2010;17(3):370–8.
  • John LJ, Shantakumari N. Herbal medicines use during pregnancy: a review from the Middle East. Oman medical journal. 2015 Jul;30(4):229.
  • Menniti-Ippolito F, Mazzanti G, Santuccio C, et al. Surveillance of suspected adverse reactions to natural health products in Italy. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17:626–35.
  • Allaire AD, Moos MK, Wells SR. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pregnancy: A Survey of North Carolina Certified Nurse‐Midwives. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2000;95(1):19-23.
  • Forster D., Denning A.,Wills G. et al. Herbal medicine use during pregnancy in a group of Australian women. Bio Med Central: Pregnancy and Childbirth 2006;6:1–9.
  • Lapi F, Vannacci A, Moschini M, et al. Use, attitude and knowledge of complementary and alternative drugs among pregnant women: a preliminary survey in Tuscany. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2010;7(4):477-86.
  • Tsui B, Dennehy CE, Tsourounis C. A survey of dietary supplement use during pregnancy at an academic medical center. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:433–77.
  • Ebrahimi N, Maltepe C, Einarson A: Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Int J Women’s Health 2010; 2:241–8.
  • White B: Ginger: an overview. Am Fam Physician 2007; 75(11):1689–91.
  • In Natural Standard Research Collaboration, Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe); 2009.
  • [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/ patient-ginger.html] Accessed on Jan 23, 2015.
  • Ernst E, Pittler MH: Efficacy of Ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Br J Anaesth 2000;84(3):367–71.
  • Chrubasik S, Pittler MH, Roufogalis BD, Zingiberis R: A comprehensive review on the ginger effect and efficacy profiles. Phytomedicine 2005, 12:684–701.
  • Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B: Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90(1):15–20.
  • Ensiyeh J, Sakineh MA: Comparing ginger and vitamin B6 for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Midwifery 2005, 25(6):649–653.
  • Pongrojpaw D, Somprasit C, Chanthasenanont MD: A randomized comparison of ginger and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90(9):1703–9.
  • Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19–24.
  • Wilkinson JM. Effect of ginger tea on the foetal development of Spraque–Dawley rats. Reproduction and Toxicology 2000;14:507–12.
  • Gallo M, Koren G. Can herbal products be used safely during pregnancy? Focus on echinacea. Canadian Family Physician 2001;47(9):1727-8.
  • Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, Pietrzak K, Comas B, Smith M, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: a prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3.
  • Izzo AA. Interactions between herbs and conventional drugs: overview of the clinical data. Medical Principles and Practice 2012;21(5):404-28.
  • Cuzzolin L, Francini-Pesenti F, Verlato G, Joppi M, Baldelli P, Benoni G. Use of herbal products among 392 Italian pregnant women: focus on pregnancy outcome. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010;19(11):1151- 8.
  • Moussally K, Berard A. Exposure to herbal products during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010;150:102–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.02.001.
  • No Author listed: Herb-drug interactions: reported vs potential effects; in Rotblatt M, Ziment I (eds): Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, 2002, pp 45–55.
  • Johns T, Sibeko L. Pregnancy outcomes in women using herbal therapies. Birth Defects Res 2003;68:501–4. DOI: 10.1002/ bdrb.10052.
  • Facchinetti F, Pedrielli G, Benoni G, et al. Herbal supplements in pregnancy: unexpected results from a multicentre study. Human reproduction. 2012;27(11):3161-7.
  • Conover EA. Herbal agents and over-the-counter medications in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;17(2):237-51.
  • Chin RK. Peppermint and common pregnancy disorders. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gyanaecol 1991;17:379–80.
  • Hoffman D. The complete illustrated holistic herbal. Rockport, MA: Element Books Inc; 1996.
  • Fleming T. PDR for herbal medicines. 4th ed. USA: Thomson Health Care Inc; 2009.
  • Hashim M, Johina A, Deyaa K, Fareed M, Mohamed H, Faten A. Knowledge attitude and practice of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) among pregnant women: a preliminary survey in Qatar. Middle East J Fam Med 2005;7(10):6–14.
  • Orief YI, Farghaly NF, Ibrahim MIA. Use of herbal medicines among pregnant women attending family health centers in Alexandria. Middle East Fertil Soc J, 2012. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mefs.2012.02.007. Accessed January 2016.
  • Charlson M, McFerren M. ‘‘Garlic: what we know and what we don’t know’’. Arch Intern Med 2007;167(4):325–6.
  • Ziaei S, Hantoshzadeh S, Rezasoltani P, Lamyian M. The effect of garlic tablet on plasma lipids and platelet aggregation in nulliparous pregnant at high risk of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynec Reprod Biol 2001;99:201–6.
  • Al-Kuran, L. Al-Mehaisen, H. Bawadi, S. Beitawi, Z. Amarin The effect of late pregnancy consumption of date fruit on labour and delivery Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011;31:29–31.
  • Kodad O, Socias R. Variability of oil content and of major fatty acid composition in almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) and its relationship with kernel quality. J Agric Food Chem 2008;56:4096–101.
  • Timur Taşhan S, Kafkasli A. The effect of bitter almond oil and massaging on striae gravidarum in primiparaous women. Journal of clinical nursing 2012;21(11-12):1570-6.
  • Räikkönen, K.,Pesonen, A.K., Heinonen, K., et al. Maternal licorice consumption and detrimental cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in children. Am J Epidemio. 2009;170:1137-46.
  • Choi JS, Han JY, Ahn HK, et al.. Fetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting ingestion of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) during pregnancy. Planta Med 2013;79:97–101.
  • Benediktsson R, Calder AA, Edwards CR, et al. Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a key regulator of fetal glucocorticoid exposure. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997;46(2):161–6.
  • Seckl JR, Meaney MJ. Glucocorticoid programming. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1032:63–84.
  • Lupien SJ, McEwen BS. The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: integration of animal and human model studies. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1997;24(1):1–27.
  • Holmes MC, Seckl JR. The role of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the brain. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006;248(1–2):9–14.
  • Strandberg TE, Järvenpää AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM.. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153(11):1085–8.
  • Nordeng, H., & Havnen, G. C. Use of herbal drugs in pregnancy: a survey among 400 Norwegian women. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2004;13(6):371–80.
  • Seely D, Dugoua J.-J, Perri D, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of Panax ginseng during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2008;l15:87–94.
  • Shin S, Jang J.Y, Park D. et al. Korean red ginseng extract does not cause embryo-fetal death or abnormalities in mice. Birth Defects Res. (Part B) 2010;89:78–85.
  • Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. An in-vitro study of ginsenoside Rb1-induced teratogenicity using a whole rat embryo culture model. Hum Reprod 2003;18(10):2166-8.
  • Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. Embryotoxicity study of ginsenoside Rc and Re in in vitro rat whole embryo culture. Reprod Toxicol 2004;19(1):131-4.
  • Awang DV. Maternal use of ginseng and neonatal androgenization. JAMA 1991;266(3):363.

The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy

Year 2016, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 0 - 0, 20.05.2016

Melahat Yildirim Raziye Desdicioglu , Halil Kara , Ayse Filiz Yavuz Avsar

https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.70285
Cited By: 1

Abstract

The use of herbal products is becoming a more popular way of treating disease due to the assumption of being natural, safe, and thereby harmless relative to other prescribed medicines. However,  most of these herbal substances have not been thoroughly evaluated so far. The overwhelming increase in interest to traditional and complementary medicine amongst pregnant women rises the safety concerns related to this treatment options in pregnancy.

In this review, we put the most commonly used herbs in pregnancy in the spotlight and give particular attention to their potential adverse reactions and teratogenic effects.

 

Keywords

Herbal Medicine Pregnancy; Adverse effects; safety

References

  • Coulter ID, Willis EM. The rise and rise of complementary and alternative medicine: a sociological perspective. Med J Aust 2004;180:587–9.
  • Gardiner P, Kemper KJ, Legedza A, Phillips RS. Factors associated with herb and dietary supplement use by young adults in the United States. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7:39.
  • Clement YN, Morton-Gittens J, Basdeo L, et al. Perceived efficacy of herbal remedies by users accessing primary healthcare in Trinidad. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7(7):14-22.
  • World Health Organization. Traditional medicine. Fact sheet Number 134. Available at http://www.who.int/ mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/. Accessed on February 4, 2013.
  • Eisenberg DA, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: Results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA 1998;280:1569–70.
  • Bishop, J. L., Northstone, K., Green, J. R., Thompson, E. A. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in pregnancy: Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2011;19(6), 303–10.
  • Holst L,Wright D, Haavik S, Nordeng H. Safety and efficacy of herbal remedies in obstetrics—review and clinical implications. Midwifery 2011;27:80–6.
  • Dugoua, J. Herbal medicines and pregnancy. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology 2010;17(3):370–8.
  • John LJ, Shantakumari N. Herbal medicines use during pregnancy: a review from the Middle East. Oman medical journal. 2015 Jul;30(4):229.
  • Menniti-Ippolito F, Mazzanti G, Santuccio C, et al. Surveillance of suspected adverse reactions to natural health products in Italy. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17:626–35.
  • Allaire AD, Moos MK, Wells SR. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pregnancy: A Survey of North Carolina Certified Nurse‐Midwives. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2000;95(1):19-23.
  • Forster D., Denning A.,Wills G. et al. Herbal medicine use during pregnancy in a group of Australian women. Bio Med Central: Pregnancy and Childbirth 2006;6:1–9.
  • Lapi F, Vannacci A, Moschini M, et al. Use, attitude and knowledge of complementary and alternative drugs among pregnant women: a preliminary survey in Tuscany. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2010;7(4):477-86.
  • Tsui B, Dennehy CE, Tsourounis C. A survey of dietary supplement use during pregnancy at an academic medical center. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:433–77.
  • Ebrahimi N, Maltepe C, Einarson A: Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Int J Women’s Health 2010; 2:241–8.
  • White B: Ginger: an overview. Am Fam Physician 2007; 75(11):1689–91.
  • In Natural Standard Research Collaboration, Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe); 2009.
  • [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/ patient-ginger.html] Accessed on Jan 23, 2015.
  • Ernst E, Pittler MH: Efficacy of Ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Br J Anaesth 2000;84(3):367–71.
  • Chrubasik S, Pittler MH, Roufogalis BD, Zingiberis R: A comprehensive review on the ginger effect and efficacy profiles. Phytomedicine 2005, 12:684–701.
  • Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B: Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90(1):15–20.
  • Ensiyeh J, Sakineh MA: Comparing ginger and vitamin B6 for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Midwifery 2005, 25(6):649–653.
  • Pongrojpaw D, Somprasit C, Chanthasenanont MD: A randomized comparison of ginger and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90(9):1703–9.
  • Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19–24.
  • Wilkinson JM. Effect of ginger tea on the foetal development of Spraque–Dawley rats. Reproduction and Toxicology 2000;14:507–12.
  • Gallo M, Koren G. Can herbal products be used safely during pregnancy? Focus on echinacea. Canadian Family Physician 2001;47(9):1727-8.
  • Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, Pietrzak K, Comas B, Smith M, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: a prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3.
  • Izzo AA. Interactions between herbs and conventional drugs: overview of the clinical data. Medical Principles and Practice 2012;21(5):404-28.
  • Cuzzolin L, Francini-Pesenti F, Verlato G, Joppi M, Baldelli P, Benoni G. Use of herbal products among 392 Italian pregnant women: focus on pregnancy outcome. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010;19(11):1151- 8.
  • Moussally K, Berard A. Exposure to herbal products during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010;150:102–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.02.001.
  • No Author listed: Herb-drug interactions: reported vs potential effects; in Rotblatt M, Ziment I (eds): Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, 2002, pp 45–55.
  • Johns T, Sibeko L. Pregnancy outcomes in women using herbal therapies. Birth Defects Res 2003;68:501–4. DOI: 10.1002/ bdrb.10052.
  • Facchinetti F, Pedrielli G, Benoni G, et al. Herbal supplements in pregnancy: unexpected results from a multicentre study. Human reproduction. 2012;27(11):3161-7.
  • Conover EA. Herbal agents and over-the-counter medications in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;17(2):237-51.
  • Chin RK. Peppermint and common pregnancy disorders. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gyanaecol 1991;17:379–80.
  • Hoffman D. The complete illustrated holistic herbal. Rockport, MA: Element Books Inc; 1996.
  • Fleming T. PDR for herbal medicines. 4th ed. USA: Thomson Health Care Inc; 2009.
  • Hashim M, Johina A, Deyaa K, Fareed M, Mohamed H, Faten A. Knowledge attitude and practice of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) among pregnant women: a preliminary survey in Qatar. Middle East J Fam Med 2005;7(10):6–14.
  • Orief YI, Farghaly NF, Ibrahim MIA. Use of herbal medicines among pregnant women attending family health centers in Alexandria. Middle East Fertil Soc J, 2012. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mefs.2012.02.007. Accessed January 2016.
  • Charlson M, McFerren M. ‘‘Garlic: what we know and what we don’t know’’. Arch Intern Med 2007;167(4):325–6.
  • Ziaei S, Hantoshzadeh S, Rezasoltani P, Lamyian M. The effect of garlic tablet on plasma lipids and platelet aggregation in nulliparous pregnant at high risk of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynec Reprod Biol 2001;99:201–6.
  • Al-Kuran, L. Al-Mehaisen, H. Bawadi, S. Beitawi, Z. Amarin The effect of late pregnancy consumption of date fruit on labour and delivery Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011;31:29–31.
  • Kodad O, Socias R. Variability of oil content and of major fatty acid composition in almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) and its relationship with kernel quality. J Agric Food Chem 2008;56:4096–101.
  • Timur Taşhan S, Kafkasli A. The effect of bitter almond oil and massaging on striae gravidarum in primiparaous women. Journal of clinical nursing 2012;21(11-12):1570-6.
  • Räikkönen, K.,Pesonen, A.K., Heinonen, K., et al. Maternal licorice consumption and detrimental cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in children. Am J Epidemio. 2009;170:1137-46.
  • Choi JS, Han JY, Ahn HK, et al.. Fetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting ingestion of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) during pregnancy. Planta Med 2013;79:97–101.
  • Benediktsson R, Calder AA, Edwards CR, et al. Placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a key regulator of fetal glucocorticoid exposure. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997;46(2):161–6.
  • Seckl JR, Meaney MJ. Glucocorticoid programming. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1032:63–84.
  • Lupien SJ, McEwen BS. The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: integration of animal and human model studies. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1997;24(1):1–27.
  • Holmes MC, Seckl JR. The role of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the brain. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006;248(1–2):9–14.
  • Strandberg TE, Järvenpää AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM.. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153(11):1085–8.
  • Nordeng, H., & Havnen, G. C. Use of herbal drugs in pregnancy: a survey among 400 Norwegian women. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2004;13(6):371–80.
  • Seely D, Dugoua J.-J, Perri D, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of Panax ginseng during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2008;l15:87–94.
  • Shin S, Jang J.Y, Park D. et al. Korean red ginseng extract does not cause embryo-fetal death or abnormalities in mice. Birth Defects Res. (Part B) 2010;89:78–85.
  • Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. An in-vitro study of ginsenoside Rb1-induced teratogenicity using a whole rat embryo culture model. Hum Reprod 2003;18(10):2166-8.
  • Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau TK. Embryotoxicity study of ginsenoside Rc and Re in in vitro rat whole embryo culture. Reprod Toxicol 2004;19(1):131-4.
  • Awang DV. Maternal use of ginseng and neonatal androgenization. JAMA 1991;266(3):363.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Melahat Yildirim This is me

Raziye Desdicioglu

Halil Kara

Ayse Filiz Yavuz Avsar

Publication Date May 20, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yildirim, M., Desdicioglu, R., Kara, H., Yavuz Avsar, A. F. (2016). The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy. Ankara Medical Journal, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.70285
AMA Yildirim M, Desdicioglu R, Kara H, Yavuz Avsar AF. The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy. Ankara Med J. May 2016;16(2). doi:10.17098/amj.70285
Chicago Yildirim, Melahat, Raziye Desdicioglu, Halil Kara, and Ayse Filiz Yavuz Avsar. “The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy”. Ankara Medical Journal 16, no. 2 (May 2016). https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.70285.
EndNote Yildirim M, Desdicioglu R, Kara H, Yavuz Avsar AF (May 1, 2016) The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy. Ankara Medical Journal 16 2
IEEE M. Yildirim, R. Desdicioglu, H. Kara, and A. F. Yavuz Avsar, “The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy”, Ankara Med J, vol. 16, no. 2, 2016, doi: 10.17098/amj.70285.
ISNAD Yildirim, Melahat et al. “The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy”. Ankara Medical Journal 16/2 (May 2016). https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.70285.
JAMA Yildirim M, Desdicioglu R, Kara H, Yavuz Avsar AF. The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy. Ankara Med J. 2016;16. doi:10.17098/amj.70285.
MLA Yildirim, Melahat et al. “The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy”. Ankara Medical Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, 2016, doi:10.17098/amj.70285.
Vancouver Yildirim M, Desdicioglu R, Kara H, Yavuz Avsar AF. The Use of Herbal Supplements in Pregnancy. Ankara Med J. 2016;16(2).

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