Balance Tests Used in Athletes with Lower Extremity Injuries: A Systematic Review

Year 2024, , 103 - 115, 31.01.2024

Rabia Tuğba Kılıç , Emre Uysal , Ayşe Toraman Karagülmez , Ali Ceylan , Ayşegül Atlı , Hayri Baran Yosmaoğlu , Savaş Kudaş

https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1074658

Abstract

Athletes with lower extremity injuries are at the stage of returning to sports after the completion of rehabilitation; exhibits significant deficits in balance, proprioception, muscle strength and neuromuscular control. Especially, the presence of balance disorder increases the risk of lower extremity injury of the athletes during the return to sports. The purpose of this systematic review is to present a summary of the available evidence by evaluating balance tests used after lower extremity injuries. The review was performed according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) with a literature review covering three databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. A total of 1259 articles were reviewed at the beginning of the study, and 8 of them were included in the study. The full text of 8 studies consisting of 1575 athletes, 1515 of whom were female, with a mean age of 20.03±2.88 years, with and without a history of lower extremity injury, were analyzed. All studies were methodologically classified according to the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. It was determined that the athletes in the included study had a history of injury involving the knee and ankle joint. It was seen that the Star Excursion Balance Test was more preferred in the evaluation of the balance of the athletes. In this review, four Star Shaped Balance Tests, one Lower Extremity Quarter-Y Balance Test, one Dynamic Postural Stability Index, one Postural Stability Balance Test on One Leg, and one pressure center, which are performed for returning to sports after lower extremity injury. It was determined that there is no definite information in the literature regarding the balance criteria required for returning to sports of athletes with lower extremity injuries. As a result, we determined that the balance criterion changed depending on the sports performed after the lower extremity injury, the time of the injury, the form of the evaluation, and whether there was a previous injury history.

Keywords

Athlete, Balance, Lower extremity, Injury, Return to sports

Alt Ekstremite Yaralanması Geçirmiş Sporcularda Kullanılan Denge Testleri: Sistematik Derleme

Abstract

Alt ekstremite yaralanması geçiren sporcular rehabilitasyonun tamamlanmasından sonra spora dönüş aşamasında; denge, propriyosepsiyon, kas gücü ve nöromüsküler kontrolde önemli eksiklikler sergilemektedir. Özellikle de denge bozukluğunun varlığı, spora dönüş aşamasında sporcuların alt ekstremite yaralanma riskini arttırmaktadır. Bu sistematik derlemenin amacı: alt ekstremite yaralanmaları sonrası kullanılan denge testlerini değerlendirerek mevcut kanıtların özetini sunmaktır. İnceleme, üç veritabanını kapsayan bir literatür taraması ile PRISMA yönergelerine göre yapıldı. Çalışmaların metodolojik kalitesi, NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Çalışmada alt ekstremite yaralanma öyküsü olan ve olmayan yaş ortalaması 20,03±2,88 yıl, 1515’i kadın toplam 1575 sporcudan oluşan 8 çalışmanın tam metni incelendi. Tüm çalışmalar Study Quality Assessment Tools’a göre metodolojik olarak sınıflandırıldı. Dahil edilen çalışmadaki sporcuların diz ve ayak bileği eklemini içeren yaralanma öykülerinin olduğu belirlendi. Sporcuların denge değerlendirilmesinde Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT)’ nin daha çok tercih edildiği görüldü. Bu derlemeye alt eksremite yaralanması sonrasında spora dönüş için yapılan, dört adet SEBT, bir adet The Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test, bir adet Dynamic Postural Stability Index bir adet Single-leg stance postural stability ve bir adet de COP ile sporcuların dengelerini değerlendiren çalışma dahil edildi. Alt ekstremite yaralanması olan sporcuların spora dönüş için gerekli denge kriterleri açısından literatürde kesin bilgi bulunmadığı tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak denge kriterinin alt ekstremite yaralanması sonrasında spora dönüşte yapılan sporun, yaralanmanın zamanının, değerlendirmenin şeklinin, daha önceden yaralanma öyküsünün olup olmadığına bağlı olarak değiştiğini tespit ettik.

Keywords

Alt ekstremite, Denge, Sporcu, Spora dönüş, Yaralanma

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