Yaşlılarda Aktif Yaşlanma Bakış Açıları ve Sosyal Katılımlarının Kognitif Durumları ve Fonksiyonel Bağımsızlıklarıyla İlişkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlıların aktif yaşlanmaya bakış açısı ve sosyal katılımlarını inceleyerek bunların kognitif durum ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlıkları ile ilişkisini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 60 yaş üstü, yaş ortalaması 70.94±8.1 olan toplam 298 katılımcı dahil edildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen bireylerin kognitif fonksiyon dereceleri Mini Mental Durum Testi (MMDT) ile, fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeyleri Barthel İndeksi ile değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya dahil olan yaşlı katılımcıların sosyal katılım sıklıkları 19 sorudan oluşan likert tipteki (araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan) sosyal katılım değerlendirme formu ile analiz edildi. Bu form ile çeşitli günlük sosyal aktivitelere katılma sıklıkları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Sosyal katılım değerlendirme formu puan ortalamaları yüksek olan bireylerin Mini Mental Durum Testi puan ortalamaları ve Barthel İndeksi puan ortalamaları daha yüksekti (sırasıyla r1: 0.329, p<0.001; r2: 0.247, p<0.001). Çalışmaya dahil edilen yaşlı bireylerin %60'ı iyi fiziksel sağlık ve fonksiyonların aktif yaşlanmanın göstergeleri olduğunu belirtmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, yaşlı bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerine sosyal katılımı, bilişsel işlevlerini ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeylerini etkileyebilir. Yaşlı bireylerde sosyal katılımın artırılması, fonksiyonel bağımsızlığın ve bilişsel durumun geliştirilmesinde önemli olabilir.

Keywords

• Yaşlı
• Fonksiyonel Durum
• Sağlıklı Yaşlanma
• Sosyal Katılım

Supporting Institution

Yok

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University Ethics Committee for Non-invasive Clinical Research ethics committee (Protocol Number: 2022/108).

The Relationship of Active Aging Perspectives and Social Participation of Older Adults with Their Mental States and Functional Independence

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the active aging perspectives and social participation of older adults and to determine their relationship with their mental states and functional independence. Method: A total of 298 participants over the age of 60, with a mean age of 70.94±8.1 were included in the study. The degree of cognitive function of the individuals included in the study was evaluated with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the level of functional independence was evaluated with the Barthel Index. The frequency of social participation of the older adult participants included in the study were analyzed with a Likert-type social participation evaluation form (created by the researchers) consisting of 19 questions. With this form, the frequency of participation in various daily social activities was evaluated. Results: Individuals with high social participation evaluation form mean scores had higher Mini Mental State Examination mean scores and Barthel Index mean scores (r1: 0.329, p<0.001; r2: 0.247, p<0.001, respectively). 60% of older adults included in the study stated that good physical health and functions are indicators of active aging. Conclusion: As a result, the social participation of older adults in daily life activities may affect their cognitive function and functional independence levels. Enhancement of the social participation may be important in developing functional independence and cognitive status among older adults.

Keywords

• Aged
• Functional Status
• Healthy Aging
• Social Participation

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University Ethics Committee for Non-invasive Clinical Research ethics committee (Protocol Number: 2022/108).

References

1. 1. İsmet, K., Eryut, M. A., Adalı, T., & Seçkiner, P. Doğurganlık, Aile Planlaması, Anne‐Çocuk Sağlığı ve Beş Yaş Altı Ölümlerdeki Değişimler: 1968‐2008. Türkiye’nin Demografik Dönüşümü. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Sağlık Bakanlığı, DPT ve TÜBİTAK, 2010.
2. 2. Marengoni, A., Angleman, S., Melis, R., Mangialasche, F., Karp, A., Garmen, A., et al. (2011). Aging with multimorbidity: A systematic review of the literature. Ageing Res Rev, 10(4), 430-439.
3. 3. Schäfer, I., Leitner, E. C., Schön, G., Koller, D., Hansen, H., Kolonko, T., et al. (2010). Multimorbidity patterns in the elderly: A new approach of disease clustering ıdentifies complex ınterrelations between chronic condition, PLoS One, 5(12), e15941.
4. 4. Douglas, H., Georgiou, A., & Westbrook, J. (2017). Social participation as an indicator of successful aging: an overview of concepts and their associations with health. Aust Health Rev, 41(4), 455-462.
5. 5. Active Ageing A Policy Framework. Available from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_NMH_NPH_02.8.pdf. Accessed 9 May 2023.
6. 6. Lin, Y. H., Chen, Y. C., Tseng, Y. C., Tsai, S. T., & Tseng, Y. H. (2020). Physical activity and successful aging among middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Aging, 12(9), 7704-7716.
7. 7. Chi, Y. C., Wu, C. L., & Liu, H. T. (2021). Effect of a multi-disciplinary active aging intervention among community elders. Medicine, 100(51), e28314.
8. 8. Hsu, H. C. (2007). Does social participation by the elderly reduce mortality and cognitive impairment? Aging Ment Health, 11(6), 699-707.

9. 9. Leung, G. T. Y., Fung, A. W. T., Tam, C. W. C., Lui, V. W. C., Chiu, H. F. K., Chan, W. M., et al. (2011). Examining the association between late‐life leisure activity participation and global cognitive decline in community‐ dwelling elderly Chinese in Hong Kong. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 26(1), 39-47.
10. 10. Tomioka, K., Kurumatani, N., & Hosoi, H. (2016). Association between social participation and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling older adults. J Epidemiol, 26(10), 553-561.
11. 11. Townsend, K. D. (2019). Social participation patterns and their associations with health and well-being for older adults. SSM Popul Health, 8, 100424.
12. 12. Sirven, N., & Debrand, T. (2008). Social participation and healthy ageing: An international comparison using SHARE data. Soc Sci Med, 67(12), 2017–2026.
13. 13. Bowling, A. (2008). Enhancing later life: how older people perceive active ageing? Aging Ment Health, 12(3), 293-301.
14. 14. Uysal, S. A., Demircioğlu, A., Şahin, Ü., Karabulut, E., Kocaman, A. A., Karapınar, M., ve ark. (2018). Turkish validity and reliability of community integration questionnaire in elderly individuals. Turk J Physiother Rehabil, 29(3), 66-72.
15. 15. İnal, S., Subaşı, F., Ay, S. M., & Hayran, O. (2007). The links between health-related behaviors and life satisfaction in elderly individuals who prefer institutional living. BMC Health Serv Res, 7, 30.
16. 16. Mitchell, A. J. (2009). A meta-analysis of the accuracy of the mini-mental state examination in the detection of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. J Psychiatric Res, 43(4), 411-431.
17. 17. Güngen, C., Ertan, T., Eker, E., Yaşar, R., & Engin, F. (2002). Reliability and Validity of The Standardized Mini Mental State Examination in The Diagnosis of Mild Dementia in Turkish Population [Standardize Mini Mental Test’in Türk toplumunda hafif demans tanısında geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 13, 273-281.
18. 18. Sainsbury, A., Seebass, G., Bansal, A., & Young, J. B. (2005). Reliability of the Barthel Index when used with older people. Age Ageing, 34(3), 228-232.
19. 19. Küçükdeveci, A. A., Yavuzer, G., Tennant, A., Süldür, N., Sonel, B., & Arasil, T. (2000). Adaptation of the modified Barthel Index for use in physical medicine and rehabilitation in Turkey. Scand J Rehabil Med, 32(2), 87–92.
20. 20. Munro, B. H. (2005). Statistical methods for health care research (vol. 1). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
21. 21. World Health Organization (2001b). Active ageing: From evidence to action. WHO: Geneva.
22. 22. Zhang, Y., Su, D., Chen, Y., Tan, M., & Chen, X. (2022). Effect of socioeconomic status on the physical and mental health of the elderly: the mediating effect of social participation. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 605.
23. 23. He, Q., Cui, Y., Liang, L., Zhong, Q., Li, J., Li, Y., et al. (2017). Social participation, willingness and quality of life: a population‐based study among older adults in rural areas of China. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 17(10), 1593-1602.
24. 24. Luo, D., Yu, S., Wang, J., Zhu, Y., Yang, L., Bai, R., et al. (2022). Social participation of community-dwelling older adults in western China: A latent profile analysis. Front Public Health, 10, 874204.
25. 25. Pinto, J. M., & Neri, A.L. (2017). Trajectories of social participation in old age: a systematic literature review. Rev Bras Geriatr Geront, 20(02), 259-272.
26. 26. Park, J. H., Park, S., Jung, J. H., Bae, S., Yun, S., Khan, A., et al. (2023). The mediating role of social participation in motoric cognitive risk and its relation to depression and loneliness in older adults. Ann Geriatr Med Res, 27(2), 134-140.
27. 27. Çiçek, B., Şahin, H., & Erkal, S. (2021). Active aging experiences of the elderly: A qualitative study. OPUS Int J Society Res, 17(33), 369-397.
28. 28. Davodi, S. R., Zendehtalab, H., Zare, M., & Vashani, H. B. (2023). Effect of health promotion interventions in active aging in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery, 11(1), 34-43.
29. 29. Depp, C. A., & Jeste, D. V. (2006). Definitions and predictors of successful aging: A comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14(1), 6-20.
30. 30. Foster, L., & Walker, A. (2015). Active and successful aging: A European policy perspective. Gerontologist, 55(1), 83-90.
31. 31. Sousa, N. F. D. S., Lima, M. G., Cesar, C. L. G., & Barros, M. B. D. A. (2018). Active aging: prevalence and gender and age differences in a population-based study. Cad Saúde Pública, 34(11), e00173317.
32. 32. Dirik, A., Cavlak, U., & Akdag, B. (2006). Identifying the relationship among mental status, functional independence and mobility level in Turkish institutionalized elderly: gender differences. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 42(3), 339-350.
33. 33. Lee, M. T., Jang, Y., & Chang, W. Y. (2019). How do impairments in cognitive functions affect activities of daily living functions in older adults? PLoS One, 14(6), e0218112.
34. 34. Maden, T., Sarı, E. O., Turhan, B., & Maden, Ç. (2023). Comparison of Physical Activity, Functional Fitness and Fatigue According to Gender in Young-old. Eur J Geriatr Gerontol, 5(3), 189-195.