ÇOCUKLARDA OBSTRÜKTİF UYKU APNE SENDROMU SEMPTOMLARI VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 73 - 82, 02.05.2018

Seher Sarıkaya Karabudak , Filiz Adana , Nurdan Gezer , Safiye Özvurmaz

Abstract

           Amaç:
Türkiye'de yaşayan çocuklarda Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu semptomlarını ve ilişkili
faktörleri belirlemektir.

          Yöntemler:
Bu kesitsel tanımlayıcı çalışma 114 çocukla (1-18 yaş) gerçekleştirildi. Veri
toplamada Tanıtıcı Anket Formu, Modifiye Mallampati Skoru ve Modifiye Epworth
Uykululuk Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.

           Bulgular:
Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu semptomları sırasıyla; %36,8'inde uykusuzluk
hissi, %26,3'ünde horlama, %22,8'inde sık uykudan uyanma, %21,1'i gündüz uyanık
kalmada zorluk, %13,2'sinde sabah baş ağrısı, %11,4'ünde sık idrara çıkma ve
%3,5’inde apne şeklinde saptanmıştır. Modifiye Mallampati Puanına göre
çocukların %14,9'u Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu riski taşıyan grubu
oluşturmaktadır. Çocukların %2,63'ünün gündüz aşırı uykululuk hali sorunu
olduğu ve modifiye Epworth Uykululuk Ölçeği puanının erkek ve sigara içenlerde
anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

           Sonuç:
Çocukların yaklaşık %15'inin Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu riski taşıdığı ve en
sık karşılaşılan semptomların sırasıyla; uykusuzluk hissi, horlama, gündüz
uyanık kalmada zorluk çekme, uykudan sık uyanma, sabah baş ağrısı, apne ve gece
sık idrara çıkma olduğu saptanmıştır. Çocukların %2,63'ünde gündüz aşırı uykululuk
hali sorunu olduğu ve bu sorunun  erkeklerde ve sigara içenlerde daha yüksek
olduğu saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Uyku, Apne, Sendrom, Çocuk

OBSTRUCTUIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME: SYMPTOMS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Objective: To determine the symptoms of
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome(OSAS) and the associated factors in children
living in Turkey.

Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with 114 children
(aged 1-18). Introductory Questionnaire Form, Modified Mallampati Score and modified
Epworth Sleepiness Scale were
used in the data collection process. 

Results:
The symptoms of OSAS
were respectively determined as follows; having a sleepless mood in 36.8%,
snoring in 26.3%, frequent awakings from sleep in 22.8%, having a difficulty in
keeping awake in the daytime in 21.1%, morning headaches in 13.2%, frequent
urinatings at night in 11.4% and apnea in 3.5%. According to the modified Mallampati Score, 14.9% of children comprise
the group with a risk of OSAS. It was determined that 2.63% of children
had the problem of excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS) and the score of modified
Epworth Sleepiness Scale was
significantly higher in boys and smokers.

Conclusion: It was determined that approximately 15% of
children had the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and the most frequent
symptoms were respectively as follows; having a sleepless mood, snoring,
frequent awakings from sleep, having a difficulty in keeping awake in the
daytime, morning headaches, frequent urinatings at night and apnea. It was also
determined that EDS was observed in 2.63% of children and it was higher in boys
and smokers. 

Keywords

Sleep, Apnea, Syndrome, Child

References

• 1. Solyom R, Baghiu DM. Sleep disorder – The disease of the modern World literatüre review. AMT. 2013; 11(2): 305-8.
• 2. Erişen L. Pediatrik tıkayıcı uyku apnesi sendromu – Güncel yaklaşımlar. Güncel Pediatri.2005; 3(1): 7-3.
• 3. Tan H-L, Gozal D, Kheirandish - Gozal L. Obstructive sleep apnea in children: A critical update. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2013; 5(1): 109-123.
• 4. Andersen IG, Holm JC, and Homeo P. Obstructive sleep apnea in obese children and adolescents, treatment methods and outcome of treatment e A systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2016; 87: 190-197.
• 5. Sujanska A, Durdik P, Banovcin P. The recent viewon the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children – short resume. Acta Medica Martiniana. 2012; 12(3): 11-18.
• 6. Owens JA. Neurocognitive and behavioral impact of sleep disordered breathing in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44(5): 417–422.
• 7. Ding H, Liu X, Zhang J. Influence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on cognition development in children. Biological Rhythm Research. 2010; 41(2): 235-46.
• 8. Austeng ME, Overland B, Kvaerner KJ, Andersson EM, Axelsson S, Abdelnoor M, Akre H. Obstructive sleep apnea in younger school children with Down Syndrome. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2014; 78: 1026-1029.
• 9. Shochat T, Cohen-Zion M, Tzischinsky O. Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2014; 18: 75-87.
• 10. Yılmaz Ö, Dinç G, Söğüt A, Aktulun Ş, Arslan B, Kocacan M ve ark. Türkiye’nin Ege Bölgesi’nde alışkanlık haline gelmiş horlama sıklığı ve ilişkili risk etkenleri. Turk Arch Ped. 2010; 45(3): 280-285.
• 11. Ng DK, Chan C, Chow AS, Chow P, Kwok K. Childhood sleepdisordered breathing and its implications for cardiac and vascular diseases. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005; 41(12): 640-6.
• 12. Fidan F, Ünlü M, Sezer M, Kara Z. Afyonkarahisar ili ilköğretim okulu öğrencilerinde habitüel horlama ve uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluğu prevalansı. Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi. 2005; 53(4): 379-385.
• 13. Fauroux B. What's new in paediatric sleep? Paediatr Respir Rev. 2007; 8(1): 85-9.
• 14. Melendres MaC, Lutz JM, Rubin ED, Marcus CL. Daytime sleepiness and hyperactivity in children with suspected sleep-disordered breathing. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(3): 768-75.
• 15. Gozal D, Kheirandish-Gozal L. Obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness in prepubertal children with obstructive sleep apnea. Pediatrics, 2009; 123(1), 13-18.
• 16. Brunetti L, Rana S, Lospalluti ML, Pietrafesa A, Francavilla R, Fanelli M, Armenio L. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a cohort of 1,207 children of southern Italy. Chest. 2001; 120(6), 1930-1935.
• 17. Bixler EO, Vgontzas AN, Lin HM, Liao D, Calhoun S, Vela-Bueno A, Graff G. Sleep disordered breathing in children in a general population sample: prevalence and risk factors. Sleep. 2009; 32(6), 731-736.
• 18. Kang KT, Chou CH, Weng WC, Lee PL, Hsu WC. Associations between adenotonsillar hypertrophy, age, and obesity in children with obstructive sleep apnea. PLoS One. 2013, 8(10), e78666.
• 19. Kohler MJ, Thormaehlen S, Kennedy JD, Pamula Y, van den Heuvel C. J, Lushington K, Martin AJ. Differences in the association between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea among children and adolescents. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2009; 5(6), 506.
• 20. Çelik AÖ, Işık AÜ, Ural A, Arslan S, Bahadır O, İmamoğlu M. Prevalence and risk factors of snoring, obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, and excessive daytime somnolence in Trabzon. KBB-Forum. 2010; 9(4): 78-87.
• 21. Sogut A, Altin R, Uzun L, Uğur MB, Tomac N, Acun C et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and associated symptoms in 3–11-year-old Turkish children. Pediatric Pulmonology. 2005; 39(3): 251–256.
• 22. Kitamura T, Miyazaki S, Kadotani H, Suzuki H, Kanemura T& Komada I, Nishikawa M, Kobayashi R, Okawa M. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Japanese elementary school children aged 6–8 years. Sleep Breath. 2014; 18:359–366.
• 23. Temel F, Hancı P, Kasapoğlu T, Kışla RM, Sarıkaya MS, Yılmaz MA, Özcebe H. Ankara’da bir melek lisesi 10. Ve 11. sınıf öğrencilerinin uyku kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2010; 53(2): 122-131.
• 24. Li AM, So HK, Au CT, Ho C, Lau J, Ng SK, ... & Wing YK. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in Chinese children: a two-phase community study. Thorax. 2010; 65(11), 991-997.
• 25. Aslan S, Yetkin S, Albayrak FS, Gülcat Z, Maral I, Aycan S ve ark. Hipersomnia ile ilgili belirtilerin Ankara'nın kentsel bir bölgesinde yaygınlığı. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2005; 8(4): 172-179.
• 26. Beriat GK, Erkan AF, Doğan C, Ekici B, Alhan A, Töre HF, Kocatürk S. Is high modified Mallampati score a risk factor for arterial hypertension? J Clin Anal Med. 2012; 3(3): 263-7.
• 27. Ağargün MY, Çilli AS, Kara H, Bilici M, Telcioğlu M, Semiz ÜB, Başoğlu C. Epworth Uykululuk Ölçeği’nin Geçerliği ve Güvenirliği, Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1999; 10(4): 261-67.
• 28. Lewandowski AS, Toliver-Sokol M, Palermo TM. Evidence-based review of subjective pediatric sleep measures. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2011; 36(7), 780-793.
• 29. Moore M, Kirchner HL, Drotar D, Johnson N, Rosen C, Ancoli-Israel S, Redline S. Relationships among sleepiness, sleep time, and psychological functioning in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2009; 34(10), 1175-1183.
• 30. Marrone O and Bonsignore MR. The puzzle of metabolic effects of obstructive sleep apnoea in children. Eur Respir J. 2016; 47: 1050–1053.
• 31. Tripuraneni M, Paruthi S, Armbrecht ES, Mitchell, R. B. Obstructive sleep apnea in children. The Laryngoscope. 2013; 123(5), 1289-1293.
• 32. Bülbül S, Kurt G, Ünlü E, Kırlı E. Adolesanlarda uyku sorunları ve etkileyen faktörler. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2010; 53(3): 204-10.