Prevalence of Physical Disorders and High-Risk Situations in the Pregnant Women in Turkey: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 306 - 326, 30.09.2024

Zekiye Karaçam , Tülay Doğrusoy , Pirozhan Ekin

https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1431668

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the incidence of physical disorders and high-risk situations develop during pregnancy, based on cross-sectional studies conducted in Turkey.
Methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis study that included cross-sectional studies. The scans were carried out in April 2021 through national and international databases using the keywords "pregnancy, Turkey, hyperemesis, hypertension, preeclampsia, diabetes, urine infection, miscarriage, premature birth, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, abruption placenta". The methodological quality of the research included in the systematic review was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies prepared by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data were synthesized by meta-analysis.
Results: Nineteen articles were included in this meta-analysis, amounting to a total volume of 159,022 samples. Based on the data, we observed that authors of the meta-analyses estimated a prevalence of 7.8% for gestational diabetes, 16% for urinary infection, 8.7% for premature rupture of membranes, 10% for preterm labour, 2.8% for preeclampsia, 2.7% for gestational hypertension, 0.3% for HELLP syndrome, 4% for hyperemesis gravidarum, 0.1% for eclampsia, 6.6% for threat of miscarriage, 3.8% for miscarriage, 1.2% for a history of bleeding in the third trimester, 0.4% for placental abruption, and 0.3% for placenta previa.
Conclusion: In this systematic review, it was concluded that some physical discomfort and high-risk conditions are common during pregnancy. These results may contribute to the planning and delivery of prenatal care services.

Keywords

Care, Physical disorders, High-risk, Incidence, Meta-analysis

Türkiye’de Gebelerde Fiziksel Rahatsızlık ve Yüksek Riskli Durumların Görülme Sıklığı: Sistematik Derleme ve Meta-Analiz

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma Türkiye’de yapılan kesitsel çalışmalara dayalı olarak, gebelik sürecinde gelişen fiziksel rahatsızlıklar ve yüksek riskli durumların görülme sıklığı belirlenmesi amacı ile yapıldı.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma, kesitsel araştırmaların dahil edildiği bir sistematik derleme ve meta-analiz çalışması olarak yapıldı. Taramalar Nisan 2021’de ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanları üzerinden “gebelik, Türkiye, hiperemezis, hipertansiyon, preeklampsi, diyabet, idrar enfeksiyonu, düşük, erken doğum, erken membran rüptürü, plasenta previa, abruption plasenta” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Sistematik derlemeye dahil edilen araştırmaların metodolojik kalitesi Joanna Briggs Enstitüsü'nün Analitik Kesitsel Çalışmalar için hazırladığı JBI Kritik Değerlendirme Kontrol Listesi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Veriler meta-analiz yapılarak sentez edildi.
Bulgular: Bu meta-analize 19 araştırma dâhil edildi ve bu çalışmaların toplam örneklem hacmi 159 022 idi. Bu verilere dayalı olarak yapılan meta-analizlerde tahmini görülme sıklığının gestasyonel diyabet için %7.8, üriner enfeksiyon için %16, preterm doğum eylemi için %10, erken memran rütürün için %8.7, preeklampsi için %2.8, gestasyonel hipertansiyon için %2.7, HELLP sendromun için %0.3, eklampsi için %0.1, hyperemesis gravidarum için %4, düşük tehdidi için %6.6, düşük için %3.8, üçüncü trimestirde kanama öyküsü için %1.2, placental abruption için %0.4, placenta previa için %0.3 olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu sistematik derlemede gebelik sürecinde bazı fiziksel rahatsız ve yüksek riskli durumların yaygın olduğu sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara dayalı doğum öncesi bakım hizmetlerinin planlanması ve sunumuna katkı sağlanabilir.

Keywords

Gebelik, Yüksek risk, Sağlık problemleri, İnsidans, Meta-analiz, Bakım, Care, Care, Physical disorders, Physical disorders, Hospitalization, Hospitalization, Incidence, Incidence, Meta-analysis, Meta-analysis, Pregnancy, Pregnancy

Ethical Statement

Uygulanamaz (bu makale global veri tabanlarında yapılan araştırmalara dayanarak hazırlanmıştır ve verileri kullanılan çalışmalar referans listesine dahil edilmiştir).

Supporting Institution

YOK

Thanks

YOK

References

• 1. Akpınar, F. Z., & Ejder, Apay S. (2020). The Correlation among pregnancy-related distress, complaints, and quality of life during pregnancy. The Journal of Gyneacology-Obstetrics and Neonatology, 17(4), 550-561.
• 2. Dönmez, A., Er, M., & Karaçam, Z. (2018). Examination of pregnant’s physical health problems related to pregnant participated to pregnancy school. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 13(1), 1-10.
• 3. World Health Organization. (2016). Maternal Mortality. https://www.who.int/news/item/07-11-2016- pregnant-women-must-be-able-to-access-the-right-care-at-the-right-time-says-who. Updated 07 November 2016 (19 December 2021, date last accessed).
• 4. World Health Organization. (2020). WHO launches new roadmap on human resource strategies to ensure that all newborns survive and thrive. https://www.who.int/news/item/17-11-2020-who-launches- new-roadmap-on-human-resource-strategies-to-ensure-that-all-newborns-survive-and-thrive. Updated 17 November 2020 (15 December 2021, date last accessed).
• 5. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health General Directorate of Health Information Systems. (2019). Health Statistics Yearbook 2019 Newsletter. https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39024/0/ haber-bulteni-2019pdf.pdf (19 December 2021, date last accessed).
• 6. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. (2005). Turkey National Maternal Mortality Study 2005 Main Report. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/uaop_ankara/UAOC_ana_rapor. pdf (19 December 2021, date last accessed).
• 7. Batmaz, I., Kavak, S. B., Kavak, E. Ç., Gül, E,, Şanlı, C., Bulut, G., & et al. (2020). The assessment of maternal deaths between 2015 and 2020 in Elazığ, Turkey. Journal of Perinatology, 28(3), 183–189.
• 8. Fiaschi, L., Nelson‐Piercy, C., Deb, S., King, R., & Tata, L. J. (2019). Clinical management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum across primary and secondary care: a population‐ based study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 126(10), 1201-1211.
• 9. Nekkanti, A. C., Hazra, D., George, R. M., Yalamanchili, S., Kumari, P., Samuel, S. T., & et al. (2020). Pregnancy-related emergencies: Profile and outcome. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(9), 4618.
• 10. Soğukpınar, Z., Baykal, A. Z., Hadımlı, A., Balçık, M., & Akın, B. (2018). Risky pregnancy profile in maternity hospitals: Sample of Izmir Province. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 4(1), 37-44.
• 11. International Conferedation of Midwives. (2019). Essential Competencies for Midwifery Practice 2019 UPDATE. https://internationalmidwives.org/our-work/policy-and-practice/essential-competencies-for- midwifery-practice.html. Updated October 2019 (19 December 2021, date last accessed).
• 12. Republic of Turkey Turkish Official Gazette. (2014). Regulation on Job and Job Descriptions of Healthcare Professionals and Other Professionals Working in Health Services. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/05/20140522-14.htm. Updated 22 May 2014 (19 December 2021, date last accessed).
• 13. Karaçam, Z., & Eroğlu, K. (2019). Nursing and midwifery: Similarities and differences in tasks, authorities and responsibilities. Lokman Hekim Journal, 9(2), 211-227.
• 14. Gemechu, K. S., Assefa, N., & Mengistie, B. (2020). Prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Women's Health, 16, 745506520973105.
• 15. Muchie, K. F., Lakew, A. M., Teshome, D. F., Yenit, M. K., Sisay, M. M., Mekonnen, F. A., & et al. (2020). Epidemiology of preterm birth in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 20(1), 1-12.
• 16. Noubiap, J. J., Bigna, J. J., Nyaga, U. F., Jingi, A. M., Kaze, A. D., Nansseu, J. R., & et al. (2019). The burden of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 21(4), 479-488.
• 17. Tesfa, E., Nibret, E., Gizaw, S. T., Zenebe, Y., Mekonnen, Z., Assefa, S., & et al. (2020). Prevalence and determinants of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 15(9), e0239048.
• 18. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., & et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. British Medical Journal, 372, n71.
• 19. Moola, S., Munn, Z., Tufanaru, C., Aromataris, E., Sears, K., Sfetcu, R., & et al. (2020). Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z (Editors). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI, Available from https://synthesismanual.jbi.global. (19 December 2021, date last accessed).
• 20. Hançerlioğulları, N., Kansu Çelik, H., Oskovi Kaplan. Z. A., Kısa, B., Engin Üstün, Y., & Özgü Erdinç, S. A. (2020). Optimal maternal neck and waist circumference cutoff values for prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus at the first trimester in Turkish population: A prospective cohort study. Gynecological Endocrinology, 36(1), 1002–1005.
• 21. Kansu Çelik, H., Özgü Erdinç, A. S., Kısa Karakaya, B., Taşçı, Y., & Erkaya, S. (2019). Fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 25( 4), 282-289.
• 22. Kansu Çelik, H., Taşçı, Y., & Kısa Karakaya, B. (2019). Maternal serum advanced glycation end products level as an early marker for predicting preterm labor/PPROM: A prospective preliminary study. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 32(16), 2758–2762.
• 23. Karcaaltıncaba, D., Çalış, P., Ocal, N., Ozek, A., İnan, M. A., & Bayram, M. (2017). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus evaluated by universal screening with a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test and IADPSG criteria. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 128(2),148-151.
• 24. Özgü Erdinç, A. S., Sert, Ü. Y., Büyük, G. N., & Engin, Ü. Y. (2019). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and results of the screening tests at a tertiary referral center: A cross-sectional study. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 13:74-77.
• 25. Tonguç, M., Tayyar, A. T., Muderris, I, Bayram, F., Muhtaroğlu, S., & Tayyar, M. (2018). An evaluation of two different screening criteria in gestational diabetes mellitus. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 31(9), 1188–1193.
• 26. Uludağ, S. Z., Gökmen Karasu, A. F., Kutuk, M. S., & Takmaz, T. (2019). Incidence and outcomes of eclampsia: a singlecenter 30-year study. Hypertension and Pregnancy, 38(2), 119–123.
• 27. Aktün, H., Uyan, D., Yorgunlar, B., & Acet., M. (2015). Gestational diabetes mellitus screening and outcomes. Journal of The Turkish-German Gynecological Association, 16, 25-9.
• 28. Çetin, B. A., Mathyk, A. B., Turan, G., Gürlap, O., & Gedikbaşı, A. (2020). A comparison of obstetric outcomes in adolescent pregnancies and adult pregnancies. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 33(24), 4037-4042.
• 29. Ayaz, R., Hocaoğlu, M., Günay, T., Yardımcı, O .D., Turgut, A., & Karateke, A. (2020). Anxiety and depression symptoms in the same pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 48(9), 965–970.
• 30. Çakmak, B. D., Türker, Ü.A. , Temur, M., & Üstünyurt, E. Pregnancy outcomes of antibody negative and untreated subclinical hypothyroidism. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019;45(4):810-816. doi:10.1111/jog.13925.
• 31. Dinçgez, Ç. B., Türker, Ü. A., Öztaş, S., Arık, M., & Üstünyurt, E. (2018). The effect of first trimester hemoglobin levels on pregnancy outcomes. Turkish Journal of Obstetrics And Gynecology, 15, 165-70.
• 32. Soysal, S., Sarıöz, A., Anik, I. G., Kocagoz, A., Dizi, A., Gursoy, I., & et al. (2019). Evaluation of late adolescent pregnancies: Is late adolescence a risk factor for preterm labor? The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 32(5), 851–856.
• 33. Bayraktar, B., Balıkoğlu, M., & Kanmaz, A. G. (2020). Preganancy outcomes of women with hypoglycemia in the oral glucose tolerance test. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 49, 101703.
• 34. Kanmaz, A. G., İnan, A. H., Beyan, E., & Budak, A. (2019). The effects of threatened abortions on pregnancy outcomes. Ginekologia Polska, 90(4),195–200.
• 35. Karataşlı, V., Kanmaz, A. G., İnan A. H., Budak, A., & Beyan, E. (2019). Maternal and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 48, 347–350.
• 36. Budak, M. Ş., & Araç, E. (2018). Maternal hypoglycaemia on the 50 g oral glucose challenge test evaluation of obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Ginekologia Polska, 89(7), 370–374.
• 37. Bademkıran, M. K., Bademkıran, C., Ege, S., Nurullah, P., Sucu, S., Obut, M., & et al. (2020). Explanatory variables and nomogram of a clinical prediction model to estimate the risk of caesarean section after term induction. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 41(3), 367–373.
• 38. Aydın, H., Çelik, Ö., Yazıcı, D., Altunok, Ç., Tarçın, Ö., Deyneli, O., & et al. (2018). Prevalence and predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus: A nationwide multicentre prospective study. Diabetic Medicine, 36(2), 221-227.
• 39. Karaçam, Z., & Çelik, D. (2021). The prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Turkey: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 34(8), 1331-1341.
• 40. Behboudi-Gandevani, S., Amiri, M., Yarandi, R. B., & Tehrani, F. R. (2019). The impact of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes on its prevalence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 11(1), 1-18.
• 41. Gao, C., Sun, X., Lu, L., Liu, F., & Yuan, J. (2019). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 10(1), 154-162.
• 42. Lee, K. W., Ching, S. M., Ramachandran, V., Yee, A., Hoo, F. K., Chia, Y.C., & et al. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 18(1), 1-20.
• 43. Li, K. T., Naik, S., Alexander, M., & Mathad, J. S. (2018). Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetologica, 55(6), 613-625.
• 44. Melchior, H., Kurch-Bek, D., & Mund, M. (2017). The prevalence of gestational diabetes: a population- based analysis of a nationwide screening program. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 114(24), 412.
• 45. Sharifi, N., Khazaeian, S., & Pakzad, R. (2017). Investigating the prevalence of preterm birth in Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Caring Sciences, 6(4), 371.
• 46. Jing, S., Chen, C., Gan, Y., Vogel, J., & Zhang, J. (2020). Incidence and trend of preterm birth in China, 1990–2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 10(12), e039303.
• 47. Pusdekar, Y. V., Patel, A. B., Kurhe, K. G., Bhargav, S. R., Thorsten, V., Garces, A., & et al. (2020). Rates and risk factors for preterm birth and low birthweight in the global network sites in six low-and low middle-income countries. Reproductive Health, 17(3), 1-16.
• 48. Galletta, M. A. K., Bittar, R. E., Agra, I., Guerra, E. C. L., Francisco, R. P. V., & Zugaib, M. (2019). Epidemiological profile of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes at a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Clinics,74, e1231.
• 49. Kayiga, H., Lester, F., Amuge, P. M., Byamugisha, J., & Autry, A. M. (2018). Impact of mode of delivery on pregnancy outcomes in women with premature rupture of membranes after 28 weeks of gestation in a low- resource setting: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One, 13(1), e0190388.
• 50. Lundeby, K. M., Heen, E., Mosa, M., Abdi, A., & Størdal, K. (2020). Neonatal morbidity and mortality in Hargeisa, Somaliland: an observational, hospital based study. The Pan African Medical Journal, 37(3), 1-15.
• 51. Mandakh, Y., Rittner, R., Flanagan, E., Oudin, A., Isaxon, C., Familari, M., & et al. (2020). Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of preeclampsia: A population-based cohort study in Scania, Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1744.
• 52. Kharaghani, R., Cheraghi, Z., Esfahani, B. O., Mohammadian, Z., & Nooreldinc, R. S. (2016). Prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 19(1), 64-71.
• 53. Gudu, W., & Bekele, D. (2018). A prospective review of eclampsia at a regional hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: incidence, clinical correlates, management and pregnancy outcome. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 56, 125-132.
• 54. Mersha, A. G., Abegaz, T. M., & Seid, M. A. (2019). Maternal and perinatal outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19(1), 1- 12.
• 55. World Health Organization. Maternal Mortality. (2019). https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/maternal-mortality. Updated 19 September 2019 (19 December 2021, date last accessed).
• 56. Vata, P. K., Chauhan, N. M., Nallathambi, A., & Hussein, F. (2015). Assessment of prevalence of preeclampsia from Dilla region of Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 8(1), 1-6.
• 57. Wagnew, M., Dessalegn, M., Worku, A., & Nyagero, J. (2016). Trends of preeclampsia/eclampsia and maternal and neonatal outcomes among women delivering in Addis Ababa selected government hospitals, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study. The Pan African Medical Journal, 25(2), 12.
• 58. Kumar, N., Jourwal, S., Rawat, R.P. (2020). Third trimester bleeding: It’s effect on foetal outcome-a study at tertiary care hospital. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 8(6), 288-293.
• 59. Jauniaux, E., Grønbeck, L., Bunce, C., Langhoff-Roos, J., & Collins, S. L. (2019). Epidemiology of placenta previa accreta: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 9(11), e031193.
• 60. Balayla, J., Desilets, J., & Shrem, G. (2019). Placenta previa and the risk of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 47(6), 577-584.
• 61. Kollmann, M., Gaulhofer, J., Lang, U., & Klaritsch, P. (2016). Placenta praevia: incidence, risk factors and outcome. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 29(9), 1395-1398.
• 62. Einarson, T. R., Piwko, C., & Koren, G. (2013). Quantifying the global rates of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 20(2), e171- e183.
• 63. Konikoff, T., Avraham, T., Ophir, E., & Bornstein, J. (2016). Hyperemesis gravidarum in northern Israel: a retrospective epidemiological study. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 5(1), 1-5.
• 64. Nurmi, M., Rautava, P., Gissler, M., Vahlberg, T., & Polo‐Kantola, P. (2020). Incidence and risk factors of hyperemesis gravidarum: A national register‐based study in Finland, 2005‐2017. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99(8), 1003-1013.
• 65. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist. (2018). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 131(1), e15-e30.
• 66. Magnus, M. C., Wilcox, A. J., Morken, N. H., Weinberg, C. R., & Håberg, S. E. (2019). Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: Prospective register based study. British Medical Journal, 364, l869.
• 67. Rossen, L. M., Ahrens, K. A., & Branum, A. M. (2018). Trends in risk of pregnancy loss among US women, 1990–2011. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 32(1), 19-29.
• 68. Chowdhury, S., Hasan, T., Islam, M. M., Nargis, S., & Moniruddin, A. B. M. (2019). Sonological evaluation of causes of first trimester bleeding. KYAMC Journal, 10(1), 25-30.
• 69. Ghimire, P. R., Akombi-Inyang, B. J., Tannous, C., & Agho, K. E. (2020). Association between obesity and miscarriage among women of reproductive age in Nepal. Plos One, 15(8), e0236435.
• 70. Nguyen, B. T., Chang, E. J., & Bendikson, K. A. (2019). Advanced paternal age and the risk of spontaneous abortion: an analysis of the combined 2011–2013 and 2013–2015 National Survey of Family Growth. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 221(5), 476-e1.
• 71. Belete, M. A., & Saravanan, M. (2020). A systematic review on drug resistant urinary tract infection among pregnant women in developing countries in Africa and Asia; 2005–2016. Infection and Drug Resistance, 13, 1465.
• 72. Nisar, S., & Banday, S. S. (2019). Study of antepartal hemorrhage with reference to third trimester bleeding and its perinatal outcome in our maternity hospital of skims soura. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 07(06), 960-963.