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Sıra Aralığı ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 21 - 35, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.949921

Abstract

Gazal boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.); bir dizi abiyotik strese dayanıklılığı nedeniyle bazı sorunlu alanlarda yem üretmek dışında otlak ekosistemlerinin ve doğal yaşamın önemli bir bileşenidir. Gazal boynuzu yetiştiriciliğinin yaygınlaştırılması için çözümlerden biri, verimliği artıracak uygun yetiştirme yöntemlerini belirlemektir. Bu araştırma, farklı sıra aralığı (20,40,60 ve 80 cm) ve tohum miktarlarının (0,5, 1,0, 1,5 ve 2,0 kg da-1) gazal boynuzu (çeşit adayı) ot verimi ve kalite komponentleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deneme, Sivas-Şarkışla lokasyonunda, 2017-2019 yıllarında üç tekrarlamalı olarak, tesadüf blokları bölünmüş parseller deneme deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme sonuçları, sıra aralıkları ve tohum ekim oranları uygulamalarının ot verimi, kalitesi, doğal bitki boyu, ana dal çapı, bitki başına ana dal sayısı ve metre başına düşen bitki sayısı üzerinde önemli etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, ham protein (HP) ve asit deterjan lifi (ADF) nötr deterjan lifi (NDF) gibi yem kalite parametrelerini önemli ölçüde etkilememiştir. Ayrıca, metre başına düşen bitki sayısı dışında, ot verimi ve kalite bileşenleri için sıra aralığı ile tohumlama hızı arasında önemli bir etkileşim bulunmamıştır. Genel olarak tüm sıra aralıklarında tohum oranının artmasıyla doğal bitki boyu artmıştır. Tohum oranı ve sıra aralığı arttıkça ana dal çapı azalmıştır. Bitki başına ana dal sayısı, tohum oranının artmasıyla azalmıştır. Sonuçlar, ot veriminin dar sıra aralığı ve artan tohum oranı ile arttığını göstermektedir. Her iki yıl için, en yüksek ot verimi (4.226,1-4.144,2 kg da-1) 20-40 cm sıra aralığında 1,5 kg da-1 tohum ekimi uygulamasında elde edilmiştir.

References

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  • Anonymous. 2006. Birdsfoot Trefoil. Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education Program (SEREP). A program of UC Agriculture & Natural Resources. Web www.feedipedia.org UC. Davis. https://ucanr. edu/sites/asi/db/covercrops.cfm?crop_id=7
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  • Canbolat, Ö. ve Ş. Karaman. 2009. Bazı Baklagil Kaba Yemlerinin in Vitro Gaz Üretimi, Organik Madde Sindirimi, Nispi Yem Değeri ve Metabolik Enerji İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 15(2):188-195.
  • Chapman, G., E. Bork, N. Donkor, and R. Hudson. 2008. Forage Yield and Quality of Chicory, Birdsfoot Trefoil, and Alfalfa During the Establishment Year The Open Agriculture Journal, 2008, 2, 68-74.
  • Churkova, B. 2012. Biometric Performance and Productivity of Varieties and Local Populations Birdsfoot Trefoil Under The Soil and Climatic Conditions Of Troyan. Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: http://dse.usab-tm.ro, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 17( 4):437-441.
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  • Hannaway, D. B., and D. Myers. 2004. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Oregon State University. Species Selection Information System. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) Feedipediawww.feedipedia.org › node. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/php/fact_sheet_print_legume.php?SpecID=12
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  • Kaplan, M., A. Atalay, and S. Medjekal. 2009. Potential nutritive value of wild birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) plants grown in different sites Livestock Research for Rural Development 21:7.
  • Karabulut, A., O. Canbolat, and A. Kamalak. 2006. Effect of maturity stage on the nutritive value of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) hays, Lotus Newsletter 36(1):11-21 Karadağ, Y., S. Çınar, T. Taşyürek, S. Gökalp, M. Özkurt. 2016. The determination of yield and quality of some perennial forage genotypes under Kazova-Tokat ecological conditions journal of Central Research Institute for Field Crops 2016, (Research Article) Volume: 25 Issue: Special Issue-2:206-212.
  • Karadağ, Y., S. Çınar, T. Taşyürek, S. Gökalp, M. Özkurt, and R. Hatipoğlu. 2017. Development of birds foot trefoil cultivar for the Middle and Transition Regions of Turkey. KSU J. Nat. Sci., 20:73-77. DOI : 10.18016/ksudobil.348920.
  • Kauren, R. W. V. 1969. Birdsfoot trefoil and Krownvetch studies in. Ohio. Newsletter, Clovers and. Special Purpose Legumes Research. 3-1969: 46.
  • MacAdam, Jennifer W., Sara R. Hunt, Thomas C. Griggs, R. Christensen, Jong-Su. Eun, Robert E. Ward, and Donald J. McMahon. 2015. Enhanced Forage Intake and Milk Production on Birdsfoot Trefoil Pastures. In: The Western US. Proceedings of the Organic Agriculture Research Symposium. February. LaCrosse, WI.
  • Miladinović, M. 1964. Uticaj đubriva i razmaka setve na prinos semena i zelene mase žutog zvezdana (Lotus corniculatus L.) na parapodzolu. Savremena poljoprivreda, 7-8: 577-585.
  • Niezen J. H., T. S. Waghorn, T. Graham, J. L. Carter, and D. M. Leathwick. 2002. The effect of diet fed to lambs on subsequent development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae in vitro and on pasture. Veterinary Parasitology 105: 269-283.
  • Orloff, S. B. and D. H Putnam. 2004. Balancing yield, quality, and persistence. In National Alfalfa Symposium Proceedings, 13-15 December, 2004. San Diego, CA. UC Cooperative Extension. Dept. of Agronomy & Range Science, UC Davis 95616
  • Petrović, S., S. Vučković, and A. Simić. 2011. Stand density effects on birdsfoot trefoil herbage yield grown for combined usage. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 27(4),:1523-1530. DOİ:10,2298/ BAH11004523P.
  • Posler, G.L., J.L. Moyer, A. Jamshedi, K. Janssen. 1985. Performance tests of birdsfoot trefoil in Eastern Kansas. Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University Manhattan 66506.
  • Radić, V., S. Vučković, D. Gatarić, S. Prodanović, M. Drinić, A. Kralj, and D. Pajčin. 2014. Characterization of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) genotypes from the local population in Bosnia and Herzegovina Bothalia African Biodiversity and Conservation 44(6): 98-105. 
  • Ramirez-Restrepo, C.A., T.N. Barry, and N. López-Villalobos. 2006. Organic matter digestibility of condensed tannin-containing Lotus corniculatus and its prediction in vitro using celulase/hemicellulase enzymes, Animal Feed Science Technology 125: 61-71. https://doi,org/10,1016/j,anifeedsci,2005,05,012.
  • Rumbaugh, M. D. 1969. Legume Species and Variety Trials in South Dakota. Newsletter, Clovers and. Special Purpose Legume Reseacrh Vol. 3-1969 p: 52.
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  • Scheffer-Basso, S. M., R. Brustolin, and Dall'Agnol. M. 2011. Performance of Lotus corniculatus L. genotypes submitted to cutting interval: subsidies to a breeding program. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia On-line version ISSN 1806-9290 R. Bras. Zootec. vol.40 no.8 Viçosa Aug. 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10,1590/S1516-35.982.011.000.800.004.
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Effects of Row Spacing and Seeding Rates on Herbage Yield and Some Quality Components of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 21 - 35, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.949921

Abstract

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.); a series of abiotic stress adaptation is an important component of grassland ecosystems and natural life, apart from producing enough feed in restricted areas in the direction of environment. One of the solutions to increase acreage of the birdsfoot trefoil is is to determine the most suitable growing methods that will increase productivity. This research was conducted to determine the effects of various row spacing (20,40,60 and 80 cm) and seeding rate (5, 10, 15, and 20 kg ha-1), on birdsfoot trefoil (cultivar candidate) forage yield and quality components. The experiment was conducted in Sivas-Şarkışla location using a randomized complete block split-plot design with three replications in 2017-2019 growing season. The experiment results indicated that row spacings and seeding rates applications had significant effect on herbage yield, natural plant height, stem diameter, number of main stem per plant with and number of plants per meter.However, it did not significantly influence of the forage quality parameters such as crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between row spacing and seeding rate for herbage yield and quality components except for the number of plants per meter. In general, the natural plant height increased with increase in seed rate in all the row spacing. The stem diameter decreased with increase in the seed rate and row spacing. The number of main stem per plant decreased with increase in the seed rate. The results indicate that herbage yield increases with narrow row spacing and increased seeding rate. Highest herbage yields (42.261-41.442 kg ha-1) for both years were obtained from application of 15 kg ha-1 seeding rate at 20-40 cm row spacing.

References

  • Açıkgöz, E., R. Hatipoğlu, S. Altınok, C. Sancak, A. Tan ve D. Uraz. 2002. Yem Bitkileri Üretimi ve Sorunları. www.zmo.org.tr/resimler/ekler/f6caf1f0ba788cd_ek.pdf?tipi=14 Son erişim tarihi:10.12.2014. Anonim. 2016. Teknik Talimatlar. Tohumluk Tescil ve Sertifikasyon Merkez Müdürlüğü TTSM. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr › BUGEM › TTSM › Menu › Teknik-Tali. Son erişim tarihi:10.12.2016.
  • Anonim. 2020. Coğrafi Yapı - Şarkışla Belediyesi. https://sarkisla.bel.tr/sarkisla/cografi-yapi (Son erişim tarihi 02.08.2020).
  • Anonymous. 1990. AOAC. Official Method of Analysis (15th. ed). Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington DC, USA. pp.66-88.
  • Anonymous. 1993. Soil Survey Division Staff. “Soil survey manual.” Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.
  • Anonymous. 2006. Birdsfoot Trefoil. Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education Program (SEREP). A program of UC Agriculture & Natural Resources. Web www.feedipedia.org UC. Davis. https://ucanr. edu/sites/asi/db/covercrops.cfm?crop_id=7
  • Anonymous. 2014. Grassland Index. A searchable catalogue of grass and forage legumes. Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Rome, Italy http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/commonnames/commonsearch.htm/
  • Anonymous. 2017. ANKOM. Technology. Acid Detergent Fiber in Feeds – Filter Bag Technique (for A200 and A200I). ADF Method 12; NDF Method Method 13 www.ankom.com › fiber-anal.
  • Ayres, J. F., W. M. Kelman., S. G. Wıedemann., L. A. Lane, and B. E. MC Corkell. 2008. Developing birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) varieties for permanent pasture applications ın low latitude regions of Eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 48: 488–498.
  • Brecke, B.J. 1995. Management of weeds. Pp.43-49. In: H.A. Melouk and F.M. Shokes (Eds), Peanut Health Management. St. Paul, MN. Am. Phytopathological Soc.
  • Bush, T. 2002. Birdsfoot trefoil. Plant fact sheet. USDA, NRCS, Rose Lake Plant Materials Center, East Lansing, Michigan http://plants.usda.gov/factsheet/ pdf/fs_loco6.pdf.
  • Canbolat, Ö. ve Ş. Karaman. 2009. Bazı Baklagil Kaba Yemlerinin in Vitro Gaz Üretimi, Organik Madde Sindirimi, Nispi Yem Değeri ve Metabolik Enerji İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 15(2):188-195.
  • Chapman, G., E. Bork, N. Donkor, and R. Hudson. 2008. Forage Yield and Quality of Chicory, Birdsfoot Trefoil, and Alfalfa During the Establishment Year The Open Agriculture Journal, 2008, 2, 68-74.
  • Churkova, B. 2012. Biometric Performance and Productivity of Varieties and Local Populations Birdsfoot Trefoil Under The Soil and Climatic Conditions Of Troyan. Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara, Contact: web: http://dse.usab-tm.ro, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 17( 4):437-441.
  • Çınar, S., Y. Karadağ, T. Taşyürek, S. Gökalp, M. Özkurt. 2016. The Determination of Yield and Quality of Some Perennial Forage Cultivars Under Sivas Ecological Conditions. Research Instıtute For Field Crops.25(2):213-218.
  • Drobna, J. 2010. Morphological variation in natural populations of Lotus corniculatus in association to geographical parameters of collecting sites. Biologia Botany Section, 65, 213-218.
  • Douglas, G.B., B.J. Wills, H.N. Pryor, A.G. Foote, and K.D. Trainor. 1996. Establishment of perennial legume species in drought-prone, North and South Island sites. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association, 58: 253-257. DOI:https://doi.org/10. 33584/jnzg.1996.58.2199.
  • Gatarić, D., V. Radić ., B. Durić., M. Šarić., Z. Čolović., and B. Petković. 2013. Morphometric characteristics of Lotus corniculatus L. genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(35):5423-5426.
  • Geçit, H. H., C. Y. Çiftçi, Y. Emeklier, S. İkincikarakaya, M.S. Adak, Ö. Kolsarıcı, H. Ekiz, S. Altınok, C. Sancak, C.S. Sevimay ve H. Kendir. 2009. Tarla Bitkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Yayın no: 1569, Ders Kitabı: 521, Ankara.
  • Goering, H. K., and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage Fiber Analyses (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications) Agriculture Handbook No. 379 Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Jacket No. 387-598 Washington, D.C. Issued December 1970.
  • Hannaway, D. B., and D. Myers. 2004. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Oregon State University. Species Selection Information System. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) Feedipediawww.feedipedia.org › node. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/php/fact_sheet_print_legume.php?SpecID=12
  • Hatipoğlu, R. ve R. Avcıoğlu. 2009. Gazalboynuzu türleri. s: 387-401. (Avcıoğlu, R., Hatipoğlu, R., Karadağ, Y. Ed.). Baklagil Yembitkileri. Cilt II. TÜGEM. Emre Basımevi. İzmir.
  • Kaplan, M., A. Atalay, and S. Medjekal. 2009. Potential nutritive value of wild birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) plants grown in different sites Livestock Research for Rural Development 21:7.
  • Karabulut, A., O. Canbolat, and A. Kamalak. 2006. Effect of maturity stage on the nutritive value of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) hays, Lotus Newsletter 36(1):11-21 Karadağ, Y., S. Çınar, T. Taşyürek, S. Gökalp, M. Özkurt. 2016. The determination of yield and quality of some perennial forage genotypes under Kazova-Tokat ecological conditions journal of Central Research Institute for Field Crops 2016, (Research Article) Volume: 25 Issue: Special Issue-2:206-212.
  • Karadağ, Y., S. Çınar, T. Taşyürek, S. Gökalp, M. Özkurt, and R. Hatipoğlu. 2017. Development of birds foot trefoil cultivar for the Middle and Transition Regions of Turkey. KSU J. Nat. Sci., 20:73-77. DOI : 10.18016/ksudobil.348920.
  • Kauren, R. W. V. 1969. Birdsfoot trefoil and Krownvetch studies in. Ohio. Newsletter, Clovers and. Special Purpose Legumes Research. 3-1969: 46.
  • MacAdam, Jennifer W., Sara R. Hunt, Thomas C. Griggs, R. Christensen, Jong-Su. Eun, Robert E. Ward, and Donald J. McMahon. 2015. Enhanced Forage Intake and Milk Production on Birdsfoot Trefoil Pastures. In: The Western US. Proceedings of the Organic Agriculture Research Symposium. February. LaCrosse, WI.
  • Miladinović, M. 1964. Uticaj đubriva i razmaka setve na prinos semena i zelene mase žutog zvezdana (Lotus corniculatus L.) na parapodzolu. Savremena poljoprivreda, 7-8: 577-585.
  • Niezen J. H., T. S. Waghorn, T. Graham, J. L. Carter, and D. M. Leathwick. 2002. The effect of diet fed to lambs on subsequent development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae in vitro and on pasture. Veterinary Parasitology 105: 269-283.
  • Orloff, S. B. and D. H Putnam. 2004. Balancing yield, quality, and persistence. In National Alfalfa Symposium Proceedings, 13-15 December, 2004. San Diego, CA. UC Cooperative Extension. Dept. of Agronomy & Range Science, UC Davis 95616
  • Petrović, S., S. Vučković, and A. Simić. 2011. Stand density effects on birdsfoot trefoil herbage yield grown for combined usage. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 27(4),:1523-1530. DOİ:10,2298/ BAH11004523P.
  • Posler, G.L., J.L. Moyer, A. Jamshedi, K. Janssen. 1985. Performance tests of birdsfoot trefoil in Eastern Kansas. Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University Manhattan 66506.
  • Radić, V., S. Vučković, D. Gatarić, S. Prodanović, M. Drinić, A. Kralj, and D. Pajčin. 2014. Characterization of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) genotypes from the local population in Bosnia and Herzegovina Bothalia African Biodiversity and Conservation 44(6): 98-105. 
  • Ramirez-Restrepo, C.A., T.N. Barry, and N. López-Villalobos. 2006. Organic matter digestibility of condensed tannin-containing Lotus corniculatus and its prediction in vitro using celulase/hemicellulase enzymes, Animal Feed Science Technology 125: 61-71. https://doi,org/10,1016/j,anifeedsci,2005,05,012.
  • Rumbaugh, M. D. 1969. Legume Species and Variety Trials in South Dakota. Newsletter, Clovers and. Special Purpose Legume Reseacrh Vol. 3-1969 p: 52.
  • Sağlamtimur, T., H. Gülcan, T. Tükel, V. Tansı, A.E. Anlarsal, ve R. Hatipoğlu. 1986. Çukurova koşullarında yem bitkileri adaptasyon denemeleri. II. Baklagil Yem bitkileri. Ç. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 1(3): 37-51.
  • Scheffer-Basso, S. M., R. Brustolin, and Dall'Agnol. M. 2011. Performance of Lotus corniculatus L. genotypes submitted to cutting interval: subsidies to a breeding program. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia On-line version ISSN 1806-9290 R. Bras. Zootec. vol.40 no.8 Viçosa Aug. 2011 http://dx.doi.org/10,1590/S1516-35.982.011.000.800.004.
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There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Sezai Gökalp This is me 0000-0001-9175-215X

Hüseyin Topal This is me 0000-0003-3565-0428

Levent Yazıcı This is me 0000-0002-6839-5366

Ömer Faruk Noyan This is me 0000-0001-5451-6297

Yaşar Karadağ This is me 0000-0002-0523-9470

Publication Date June 15, 2021
Submission Date August 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 31 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gökalp, S., Topal, H., Yazıcı, L., Noyan, Ö. F., et al. (2021). Sıra Aralığı ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 31(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.949921
AMA Gökalp S, Topal H, Yazıcı L, Noyan ÖF, Karadağ Y. Sıra Aralığı ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi. ANADOLU. June 2021;31(1):21-35. doi:10.18615/anadolu.949921
Chicago Gökalp, Sezai, Hüseyin Topal, Levent Yazıcı, Ömer Faruk Noyan, and Yaşar Karadağ. “Sıra Aralığı Ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus Corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi Ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 31, no. 1 (June 2021): 21-35. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.949921.
EndNote Gökalp S, Topal H, Yazıcı L, Noyan ÖF, Karadağ Y (June 1, 2021) Sıra Aralığı ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 31 1 21–35.
IEEE S. Gökalp, H. Topal, L. Yazıcı, Ö. F. Noyan, and Y. Karadağ, “Sıra Aralığı ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi”, ANADOLU, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 21–35, 2021, doi: 10.18615/anadolu.949921.
ISNAD Gökalp, Sezai et al. “Sıra Aralığı Ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus Corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi Ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 31/1 (June 2021), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.949921.
JAMA Gökalp S, Topal H, Yazıcı L, Noyan ÖF, Karadağ Y. Sıra Aralığı ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi. ANADOLU. 2021;31:21–35.
MLA Gökalp, Sezai et al. “Sıra Aralığı Ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus Corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi Ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi”. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 31, no. 1, 2021, pp. 21-35, doi:10.18615/anadolu.949921.
Vancouver Gökalp S, Topal H, Yazıcı L, Noyan ÖF, Karadağ Y. Sıra Aralığı ve Tohum Miktarlarının Gazal Boynuzu (Lotus corniculatus L.) Ot Verimi ve Bazı Kalite Unsurları Üzerine Etkisi. ANADOLU. 2021;31(1):21-35.
29899ANADOLU Journal by Aegean Agricultural Research Institute is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0  

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