Some Biochemical Changes in Barley Plants Under Arsenic, Lead and Cadmium Stress

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 162 - 175, 31.12.2024

Filiz Sanal , Hülya Yıldır

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1492542

Abstract

In this study, the effects of short-term heavy metal stress were evaluated by examining the gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation levels, and total protein contents, which are among the primary responses to stress. In addition, physiological parameters such as seed germination percentages, root stem lengths, dry and fresh weight of plants against heavy metal stress were assessed. Application of heavy metals (arsenic, lead, and cadmium) in mixture at concentrations of 15 μM, 30 μM, and 60 μM caused a decrease in germination rate in association with the increase in concentration. Root and stem lengths decreased at high dose (60 µM) compared to the control. On the first day, 60 μM dose increased root and stem lengths (p<0.05), while on the fifth day, stem lengths increased at 15 μM concentration (p<0.05). However, there were no significant changes compared to the control at 30 μM and 60 μM concentrations (p>0.05). As an indicator of lipid peroxidation, MDA levels increased significantly on the first and fifth days (p<0.05). Depending on the dose, protein amounts in the root and stem decreased significantly (p<0.05). Significant changes were observed in the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione synthetase (GS)] as a primary response to heavy metal stress. It was determined that heavy metal accumulation in the plant increased depending on concentration.

Keywords

Barley, heavy metal stress, antioxidant enzymes

Project Number

TÜBAP 2015-38

Arsenik, Kurşun ve Kadmiyum Stresi Altında Arpa Bitkisinde Bazı Biyokimyasal Değişiklikler

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ağır metal stresi karşısında bitkilerin tohum çimlenme yüzdeleri, kök gövde uzunlukları, kuru ve yaş ağırlık gibi fizyolojik parametrelerin yanında, stres karşısında primer cevaplarından olan antioksidan enzimlerin gen ekspresyon seviyeleri, lipid peroksidasyonu seviyeleri ve total protein içerikleri incelenerek kısa süreli ağır metal stresinin etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.15 μM, 30 μM ve 60 μM konsantrasyonlarda karışım halinde ağır metal uygulaması (arsenik, kurşun ve kadmiyum) konsantrasyon artışı ile ilişkili bir şekilde çimlenme oranında azalmaya sebep olmuştur. Kök ve gövde uzunlukları yüksek dozda (60 µM) kontrole göre azalmıştır. Birinci günde 60 μM doz kök ve gövde uzunluklarını arttırmış (p<0,05), beşinci günde gövde uzunlukları 15 μM ‘lık konsantrasyon da artarken (p<0,05), 30 μM ve 60 μM lık konsantrasyonlarda kontrole göre anlamlı bir değişiklik olmamıştır (p>0,05). Lipid peroksidasyonunun bir göstergesi olarak MDA seviyeleri birinci ve beşinci günde anlamlı şekilde artmıştır (p<0,05). Doza bağlı olarak kök ve gövdedeki protein miktarları anlamlı şekilde azalmıştır (p<0,05). Ağır metal stresine birincil cevap olarak antioksidan enzimlerin (Süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), Katalaz (CAT) ve Glutatyon sentetaz (GS)) ekspresyon seviyelerinde anlamlı değişiklikler gözlenmiştir. Konsantrasyona bağlı olarak bitkideki ağır metal birikiminin arttığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Arpa, ağır metal stresi, antioksidant enzimler

Ethical Statement

Trakya Üniversitesi Bilimsel araştırmalar Birimi TÜBAP tarafından 2015-38 Nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Trakya Üniversitesi Bilimsel araştırmalar Birimi TÜBAP

Project Number

TÜBAP 2015-38

Thanks

• Bu çalışma Hülya Yıldır’ın tez çalışmasının bir kısmıdır. Trakya Üniversitesi Bilimsel araştırmalar Birimi TÜBAP tarafından 2015-38 Nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

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