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ARKTİK’TE BÜYÜK MEYDAN OKUMA: ÇIKAR DENGESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 29 - 41, 30.03.2021

Abstract

Küresel menfaatlerin yeni çatışma alanı Kuzey Kutbu. Bu anlamda Arktik’i, bölge ülkeleri ya da bölge dışı ülkeler kapsamına indirgemek basit kalabilir. Çünkü, bölgede kıyısı olsun ya da olmasın Arktik’e taraf olan ülkelerin üye olduğu uluslararası kuruluşlar nedeniyle Arktik’e bağlantısı vardır. Bu durum bölgede yaşanan ve yaşanılacak olan olaylarında habercisi diyebiliriz. Gelecekte yeni bir rekabet alanı olan Arktik’e Çin üzerinden teorik olarak yaklaşımda bulunduğumuz bu çalışmayı diğer çalışmalardan ayıran özellik ise ‘Hegemonya’ ya da ‘Güç dengesi’ kapsamında değil ‘Çıkar Dengesi’ üzerinden ele almış olmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında Çin’in sadece Rusya ile değil diğer ülkelerle de politik bir tutum içerisinde olduğu konu edilmiştir. Bu nedenle Amerika, Rusya ve Çin odaklı bu çalışmada, farklı teoriler üzerinden incelenme zorunluluğu gerekmektedir. Böylece çalışma içerisinde birçok teorik yapı incelenmiş ve veriler ile ispatlanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi

Project Number

05

References

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  • Brady, A.M. (2017). “China’s Expandıng Antarctic Interests: Implications For New Zealand”, Small States And The Changing Global Order: New Zealand Faces The Future’ At University Of Canterbury, 3-4 June 2017, Christchurch New Zealand.
  • Chen, G. (2012). “China’s Emerging Arctic Strategy”. The Polar Journal, 2(2): 358-371. Chircop, A., (2011). “The Emergence Of China As A Polar-Capable State”, Canadian Naval Review, 7(1): 9-14.
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  • Gardiner R. K., (2003). International Law (Longman Law Series), (Harlow. Pearson Longman, 392.
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  • Gunitskiy, V. (2008). On thin ice: Water rights and resource disputes in the Arctic Ocean,. Journal of International Affairs, 61(2), 261-271.
  • Hans J, Morgenthau (2006). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, McGraw Hill, Boston: 196
  • Kissinger, H., (2015). Çin: Dünden Bugüne Yeni Çin, Çev. Nalân Işık Çeper, Kaknüs Yayınları, İstanbul, 25-27.
  • Heininen, L. (2001). State of the Arctic strategies and policies. Arctic Year Book,1, 2-47.
  • Ikenberry John G., (2002). Introduction, America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power, Cornell University Press: Ithaca.
  • Holmes, S., (2008). Breaking the Ice: Emerging Legal Issues in Arctic Sovereignt. Chicago Journal of International Law, (9), 323.
  • Waltz, Kenneth N., (1967). “International Structure, National Force, and the Balance of World Power”, Journal of International Affairs, 21(2), 215.
  • Waltz, Kenneth N., (1979) Theory of International Politics, (Random House, New York, 117.
  • Kualo Moll, L., (1996). “American Historian”, Military Affair, Cilt 1, No.3, 134.
  • Klimenko, E. (2016). Russia’s Arctic security policy: Still quiet in the high north?. SIPRI Policy Paper, Solna
  • Fyodor. L., (2010). “Russian Dilemmas in a Multipolar World”, Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 63, No. 2, (Spring/Summer), 19–32.
  • Terry M., (2011). Exhausted global oil supplies make Arctic the new hydrocarbon frontier. http://www.theguardian.com/environment/ 2011/jul/05/oil- supplies-arctic, (20.11.2020).
  • Heikkilä M. & Laukkanen M., Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi,Finland,https://www.arcticcentre.org/EN/arcticregion/Maps/Administrative-areas,( Erişim Tarihi: 30.11.2020).
  • Fortmann, M., (2004). “Conclusions: Balance of Power at the Turn of the New Century”, Stanford University Press, Stanford
  • Moore J. N. (2004). United States Adherence To The Law Of The Sea Convention A Compelling National Interest. http://www.virginia.edu/colp/pdf/house- testimony.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2020).
  • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, https:www.af.mil/Portals/1/documents/2020SAF/July/ArcticStrategy.pdf,(10.12.2020)
  • Schweller Randall L., (2004). Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalan¬cing, International Security, 29(2), 166.
  • Schweller, Randall L. (1994). “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In”, International Security, 19(1),
  • The Arctic Institute, https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Arctic-Shipping-Routes-high-res.jpg (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2020).
  • The Arctic Institute, https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Snow-Dragon-Route-2012-high-res.jpg (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2020).
  • The Arctic Institute, https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Oil-and-Gas-in-Russia-high-res.jpg, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.11.2020).
  • Thucydıdes (1958). History of the Peloponnesian War, çev. Charles F. Smith, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • U.S. Geological Survey, “Circum- Arctic Resource Appraisal: Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of the Arctic Circle,” 2008, 1, http:// pubs .usgs .gov /fs /2008 /3049 /fs2008 -3049 .pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2020
Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 29 - 41, 30.03.2021

Abstract

Project Number

05

References

  • Akzeybek R., (2016). “Enerji Güvenliği Bağlamında Çin’in Afrika Politikası”, Turkish Studies No. 8, 25-42.
  • Aleskerov F. & Victorova E. (2015). An Analysıs Of Potentıal Conflıct Zones In The Arctıc Regıon, Moskow: National Research University Higher School of Economics, , 4.
  • AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme). (2011). “Arctic Climate Issues 2011: Changes in Arctic Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost”. https://www.amap.no/documents/download/2267/inline (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12. 2020).
  • Brady, A.M. (2017). “China’s Expandıng Antarctic Interests: Implications For New Zealand”, Small States And The Changing Global Order: New Zealand Faces The Future’ At University Of Canterbury, 3-4 June 2017, Christchurch New Zealand.
  • Chen, G. (2012). “China’s Emerging Arctic Strategy”. The Polar Journal, 2(2): 358-371. Chircop, A., (2011). “The Emergence Of China As A Polar-Capable State”, Canadian Naval Review, 7(1): 9-14.
  • Chircop, A., (2011). “The Emergence Of China As A Polar-Capable State”, Canadian Naval Review, 7(1): 9-14.
  • Conley H. A., (2015). America in the Arctic. https://www.csis.org/analysis/america-arctic (Erişim Tarihi: 30.01.2018).
  • Gardiner R. K., (2003). International Law (Longman Law Series), (Harlow. Pearson Longman, 392.
  • Grätz, J. (2012). “The Arctic: Thaw with Conflict Potential”. CSS Analysis in Security Policy, ETH Zurich, 118, 1-4.
  • Gunitskiy, V. (2008). On thin ice: Water rights and resource disputes in the Arctic Ocean,. Journal of International Affairs, 61(2), 261-271.
  • Hans J, Morgenthau (2006). Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, McGraw Hill, Boston: 196
  • Kissinger, H., (2015). Çin: Dünden Bugüne Yeni Çin, Çev. Nalân Işık Çeper, Kaknüs Yayınları, İstanbul, 25-27.
  • Heininen, L. (2001). State of the Arctic strategies and policies. Arctic Year Book,1, 2-47.
  • Ikenberry John G., (2002). Introduction, America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power, Cornell University Press: Ithaca.
  • Holmes, S., (2008). Breaking the Ice: Emerging Legal Issues in Arctic Sovereignt. Chicago Journal of International Law, (9), 323.
  • Waltz, Kenneth N., (1967). “International Structure, National Force, and the Balance of World Power”, Journal of International Affairs, 21(2), 215.
  • Waltz, Kenneth N., (1979) Theory of International Politics, (Random House, New York, 117.
  • Kualo Moll, L., (1996). “American Historian”, Military Affair, Cilt 1, No.3, 134.
  • Klimenko, E. (2016). Russia’s Arctic security policy: Still quiet in the high north?. SIPRI Policy Paper, Solna
  • Fyodor. L., (2010). “Russian Dilemmas in a Multipolar World”, Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 63, No. 2, (Spring/Summer), 19–32.
  • Terry M., (2011). Exhausted global oil supplies make Arctic the new hydrocarbon frontier. http://www.theguardian.com/environment/ 2011/jul/05/oil- supplies-arctic, (20.11.2020).
  • Heikkilä M. & Laukkanen M., Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi,Finland,https://www.arcticcentre.org/EN/arcticregion/Maps/Administrative-areas,( Erişim Tarihi: 30.11.2020).
  • Fortmann, M., (2004). “Conclusions: Balance of Power at the Turn of the New Century”, Stanford University Press, Stanford
  • Moore J. N. (2004). United States Adherence To The Law Of The Sea Convention A Compelling National Interest. http://www.virginia.edu/colp/pdf/house- testimony.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2020).
  • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, https:www.af.mil/Portals/1/documents/2020SAF/July/ArcticStrategy.pdf,(10.12.2020)
  • Schweller Randall L., (2004). Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalan¬cing, International Security, 29(2), 166.
  • Schweller, Randall L. (1994). “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In”, International Security, 19(1),
  • The Arctic Institute, https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Arctic-Shipping-Routes-high-res.jpg (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2020).
  • The Arctic Institute, https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Snow-Dragon-Route-2012-high-res.jpg (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2020).
  • The Arctic Institute, https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Oil-and-Gas-in-Russia-high-res.jpg, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.11.2020).
  • Thucydıdes (1958). History of the Peloponnesian War, çev. Charles F. Smith, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • U.S. Geological Survey, “Circum- Arctic Resource Appraisal: Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of the Arctic Circle,” 2008, 1, http:// pubs .usgs .gov /fs /2008 /3049 /fs2008 -3049 .pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01.12.2020
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ferdi Güçyetmez 0000-0003-1204-2606

Project Number 05
Publication Date March 30, 2021
Submission Date February 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Güçyetmez, F. (2021). ARKTİK’TE BÜYÜK MEYDAN OKUMA: ÇIKAR DENGESİ. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 29-41.


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