REMOTE WORKING LIFE SCALE: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY
Year 2023,
Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 254 - 277, 27.03.2023
Abdullah Zübeyr Akman
,
Fetullah Evliyaoglu
,
Hayat Ebru Erdost Çolak
,
Meral Erdirencelebi
Abstract
Remote working has been one of the most important topics discussed due to both technological developments and the lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies' remote work opportunities are rapidly expanding as a new normal practice. Parallel to this evolution, remote working has emerged as a popular research topic in the field of business administration. Likewise, the purpose of this research is to create a Turkish version of the remote work life (EWL) scale. The original 17-question scale was verified by linguists and translated into Turkish before being used for the scale adaption to confirm its language validity. Following examination by subject-matter specialists, the questionnaire—translated into Turkish—was electronically distributed to participants from various industries. Explanatory factor analysis using data from 210 participants revealed that factor analyses can be performed and that a high enough level of reliability is offered. Confirmatory factor analysis also led to the confirmation of four sub-dimensional structures. In this regard, it has been determined that the modified Turkish form is valid and reliable.
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UZAKTAN ÇALIŞMA YAŞAM ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Year 2023,
Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 254 - 277, 27.03.2023
Abdullah Zübeyr Akman
,
Fetullah Evliyaoglu
,
Hayat Ebru Erdost Çolak
,
Meral Erdirencelebi
Abstract
Uzaktan çalışma gerek teknolojik gelişmeler gerekse COVID-19 pandemisinin yaratmış olduğu sokağa çıkma yasakları nedeniyle üzerinde tartışılan önemli konulardan biri olmuştur. Bugün pandeminin devamında yaşanan yeni normal sürecinde de işletmeler tarafından sunulan uzaktan çalışma imkanları hızla artmaktadır. Bu gelişmelere paralel olarak, uzaktan çalışma konusunda özellikle işletme alanındaki araştırmalar da giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da uzaktan çalışma literatüründe referans olan Grant vd. (2019) tarafından geliştirilen uzaktan çalışma yaşam ölçeğinin (EWL) Türkçeye doğru bir şekilde uyarlamasının sağlanmasıdır. Ölçek uyarlaması için 17 sorudan oluşan orijinal ölçek, öncelikle dil geçerliliğini sağlamak üzere dil uzmanlarınca kontrol edilerek Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. Türkçeye çevirisi yapılan soru formu, alan uzmanlarının değerlendirmesi sonucu çeşitli sektörlerden katılımcılara elektronik ortamda sunulmuştur. Toplam 210 katılımcıdan toplanan veriler ile yapılan açıklayıcı faktör analizinde; faktör analizlerinin yapılabileceği ve yeterli güvenirlik düzeyinin sağlandığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda dört alt boyutlu yapı doğrulanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, uyarlaması yapılan Türkçe formun geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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- Bollen, K.A. (1989). Structural Equations With Latent Variables. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
- Boskovic, A. (2021). Employee autonomy and engagement in the digital age: the moderating role of remote working. Economic Horizons, 23(3), 231-246.
- Brynjolfsson, E., Horton, J.J., Ozimek, A., Rock, D., Sharma, G. ve TuYe, H. (2020). Covid-19 And Remote Work: An Early Look At US Data. NBER Working Paper, No. 27344.
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- Charalampous, M., Grant, C.A., Tramontano C. ve Michailidis, E. (2018). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: a multidimensional approach, European. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 51-73.
- Cheung, G. W., ve Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233-255.
- Costello, A. B. ve Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research ve Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.
- Çalışkan, A., Akkoç, İ. ve Turunç, Ö. (2019). Yenilikçi davranış: bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 94-111.
- ÇSGB (2021). Covid-19 Döneminde Uzaktan Çalışma Rehberi, Kiplas: Ankara.
- Delfino, G. F., ve Van der Kolk, B. (2021). Remote working, management control changes and employee responses during the COVID-19 crisis. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 34(6), 1376–1387.
- Derks, D., van Duin, D., Tims, M. ve Bakker, A. B. (2015). Smartphone use and work–home ınterference: the moderating role of social norms and employee work engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88, 155–177.
- Doğan, D. (2019). SmartPLS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Zet Yayınları.
- Donnelly, R. ve Johns, J. (2021). Recontextualising remote working and its HRM in the digital economy: an integrated framework for theory and practice. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(1), 84-105.
- Elshaiekh, N. E. M., Hassan, Y. A. A. ve Abdallah, A. A. A. (2018). The İmpacts Of Remote Working On Workers Performance. International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT), 1-5.
- Evans, A. M., Meyers, M. C., De Calseyde, P. P. F. M. V., ve Stavrova, O. (2022). Extroversion and conscientiousness predict deteriorating job outcomes during the COVID-19 transition to enforced remote work. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 13(3), 781-791.
- Everitt, B. S. (1975). Multivariate analysis: the need for data, and other problems. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 126(3), 237-240.
- Felstead, A. ve Henseke, G. (2017). Assessing the growth of remote working and ıts consequences for effort, well-being and work-life balance. New Technology, Work and Employment, 32:3, 195-212.
- Ferreira,R., Pereira,R., Bianchi, I.S. ve da Silva, M.M. (2021). Decision factors for remote work adoption: advantages, disadvantages, driving forces and challenges. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex, 7(70), 1-24.
- Flores, M. F. (2019). Understanding the challenges of remote working and it’s impact to workers. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM), 4(11), 40-44.
- Fritz, M. B. W., Narasimhan, S. ve Rhee, H. (1996). Adoption of Remote Work Arrangements: An Initial Analysis. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
- Fornell, C., ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
- Galvez, A., Martinez, A.J. ve Perez, J. (2012). Telework and work-life balance: some dimensions for organisational change. J. Workplace Rights, 16(3-4), 273-297.
- Grant, C.A., Wallace, L.M., Spurgeon P.G., Tramontano. C. ve Charalampous, M. (2019). Construction and initial validation of the e-work life scale to measure remote e-working. Employee Relations, 41(1), 16-33.
- Gürbüz, S. ve Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis a Global Perspective (7th Ed.). USA: Pearson.
- Hunter, P. (2018). Remote Working in Research: An In creasing Usage of Flexible Work Arrangements Can Improve Productivity and Creativity. Science ve Society, Embo Reports 20.
- Klopotek, M. (2017). The advantages and disadvantages of remote working from the perspective of young employees. Scientific Quarterly “Organization and Management”, 4(40).
- Kumar, V. (2021). What next for the future of remote working?. https://www.vodafone.com/business/news-and-insights/blog/gigabit-thinking/what-next-for-the-future-of-remote-working (Erişim Tarihi: 02.07.2022).
- Kumar, P., Sharma, D., ve Pandey, P. (2022). Industry 4.0 (I4. 0) based virtual organization model for the coordination of sustainable textile supply chain. American Business Review, 25(1), 185-208.
- Manzo, L. K. C. ve Minello, A. (2020). Mothers, childcare duties, and remote working under COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: Cultivating communities of care. Dialogues in Human Geography, 10(2), 120-123.
- McKinsey (2021). What Employees Are Saying About The Future of Remote Work, Alexander, A., De Smet, A., Langstaff, M., ve Ravid, D. (Ed.). McKinsey ve Company.
- Meydan, H. ve Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi Amos Uygulamaları. Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
- Molino, M., Ingusci, E., Signore, F., Manuti, A., Giancaspro, M.L., Russo, V., Zito, M., Cortese, C.G. (2020). Wellbeing costs of technology use during Covid-19 remote working: an investigation using the Italian translation of the technostress creators scale. Sustainability, 12(15), 1-20.
- Mostafa, B.A. (2021). The effect of remote working on employees wellbeing and work-life ıntegration during pandemic in egypt. International Business Research, 14(3), 41-52.
- Mulaik, S., James, L., Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S. ve Stilwell, C., (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit ındices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 430-445.
- Nadiv, R. (2021). Home, work or both? the role ofparadox mindset in a remote work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Manpower, ahead-of-print.
- Naktiyok, A. ve İşcan, Ö. F. (2003). İş görenlerin evden çalışmaya ilişkin tutumları: bireysel özellikler ve iş sürükleyicileri açısından bir uygulama. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 6, 53-72.
- Nambisan, S. (2017). Digital entrepreneurship: Toward a Digital Technology Perspective of Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(6), 1029–1055.
- Olson, M.H. (1983). Remote office work: changing work patterns in space and time. Communications of the ACM, 26, 3.
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