THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME INEQUALITY AND ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION IN TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 314 - 331, 27.03.2023

Hatice Akdağ E.yasemin Bozdağlıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1169379

Abstract

Globalization is thought to play an important role as the cause of increasing income inequality in many developed and developing countries. With the 1980s, most of the developing countries abandoned the restrictive and import substitution policies and instead implemented policies based on liberalization of exports and imports, paving the way for the liberalization of trade. Thus, economic globalization includes the current economic environment that shapes welfare states and the increasing tangible economic exchanges between countries. Some studies in the literature have an optimistic view that globalization reduces income inequality in both developed and developing countries, while some studies have a pessimistic view that globalization always increases income inequality. The aim of this study is to examine the direction of the relationship between globalization and income inequality in the context of Transition Economies. The relationship between income inequality and globalization for the 1991-2019 period of transition economies is examined using latest panel data models. According to the results of econometric analysis, the existence of long-term relationships between income inequality and globalization, trade openness and economic growth in transition economies have been proven.

Keywords

Globalization, Income Inequality, Transition Economies

GEÇİŞ EKONOMİLERİNDE GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ İLE EKONOMİK KÜRESELLEŞME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Abstract

Birçok gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkede gelir eşitsizliğinin artmasının nedeni olarak küreselleşmenin önemli bir rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. 1980’li yıllarla birlikte, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin çoğu kısıtlayıcı ve ithal ikamesi politikalarını terk ederek, yerine ihracat ve ithalatı serbestleştirmeye dayalı politikalar uygulayarak, ticaretin serbestleştirilmesinin önünü açtılar. Bu nedenle, ekonomik küreselleşme, refah devletlerini şekillendiren mevcut ekonomik ortamı ve ülkeler arasındaki somut ekonomik değişimlerin artmasını içermektedir. Literatürdeki bazı çalışmalar hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gelir eşitsizliğini azaltan iyimser bir görüşe sahip olup, bazı çalışmalar da küreselleşmenin her zaman gelir eşitsizliğini artırdığı yönünde karamsar bir bakış açısına sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da küreselleşme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisinin yönünü Geçiş Ekonomileri özelinde incelemektir. Geçiş ekonomilerinin 1991-2019 dönemi için gelir eşitsizliği ve küreselleşme ilişkisi güncel panel veri modelleri kullanılarak incelenmektedir. Ekonometrik analiz sonuçlarına göre, geçiş ekonomilerinde gelir eşitsizliği ve küreselleşme, ticari açıklık ve ekonomik büyüme arasında uzun dönemli ilişkilerin varlığı kanıtlanmıştır.

Keywords

Küreselleşme, Gelir Eşitsizliği, Geçiş ekonomileri

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