MICRO-MANAGEMENT: A SCALE ADAPTATION STUDY
Year 2025,
Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 51 - 71, 27.03.2025
Ülkühan Bike Esen
,
Şükran Sırkıntıoğlu Yıldırım
,
Fatih Sinan Esen
Abstract
The aim of this study is to adapt the micro-management scale, which consists of 18 items and five dimensions developed by Sulphey and Upadhyay (2019), to Turkish and to determine its validity and reliability. The scale, originally in English, has undergone Turkish translation, back-translation, linguistic validation, and a pilot application. After these stages, it was administered to 381 individuals. In the analysis phase, Exploratory Factor Analysis was initially conducted, followed by the calculation of Cronbach's alpha values for reliability studies, and the criteria of convergent validity and discriminant validity were sought for validity studies. Finally, the structural validity was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis. As a result of the analyses, the Turkish version of the scale consisted of 13 items and three dimensions. The findings indicate that the adapted micro-management scale is a valid and reliable measure that can be used effectively.
Ethical Statement
This study followed scientific research and publication ethical guidelines.
Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Çankırı Karatekin University Ethics Committee with decision number 5 meeting held on 01/19/2023.
In this study, the contributions of the authors are as follows: Ülkühan Bike Esen contributed to the literature review (50%), manuscript drafting (50%), survey preparation (34%), and the procurement of resources and data (35%). Şükran Sırkıntıoğlu Yıldırım participated in the literature review (50%), manuscript drafting (50%), survey preparation (33%), and the acquisition of resources and data (35%). Fatih Sinan Esen contributed to the survey preparation (33%), the execution and interpretation of statistical and econometric analyses (100%), and the procurement of resources and data (30%). The researcher(s) have declared no conflicts of interest.
Researchers have jointly contributed to the article.
Researchers have not declared any conflict of interest.
References
- Alvesson, M., & Sveningsson, S. (2003). Good visions, bad micro-management and ugly ambiguity: Contradictions of (non-)leadership in a knowledge-intensive organization. Organization Studies, 24(6), 961–988. doi: 10.1177/0170840603024006007
- Azdha, A., Jusoh, M., & Tham, J. (2023). Validating Meyer and Allen’s three component model employee commitment survey in the context of the resort sector of the Maldives. The Maldives National Journal of Research, 11(2), 65–82.
- Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (2012). Specification, evaluation, and interpretation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), 8–34. doi: 10.1007/s11747-011-0278-x
- Cambridge Dictionary. (2022). Micromanagement. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/micromanagement
- Cangemi, J. P. (2000). Leadership and micro-managing: What are the consequences? IFE Psychologia, 8(1), 212–218. https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA11171421_113
- Castillo, G. A. (2018). Micromanagement behavior: A qualitative empirical phenomenological study. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 6(2), 1057–1067.
- Castillo, G. A. (2020). The impact of female micromanagement on male workers: A qualitative empirical phenomenological study. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 4(1), 126–132.
- Chambers, H. E. (2004). My way or the highway: The micromanagement survival guide. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
- Chin, W. W., Gopal, A., & Salisbury, W. D. (1997). Advancing the theory of adaptive structuration: The development of a scale to measure faithfulness of appropriation. Information Systems Research, 8(4), 342–367. doi: 10.1287/isre.8.4.342
- Cleary, M., Hungerford, C., Lopez, V., & Cutcliffe, J. R. (2015). Towards effective management in psychiatric-mental health nursing: The dangers and consequences of micromanagement. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 36(6), 424–429. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2014.968694
- Collins, K., & Collins, S. (2002). Micromanagement: A costly management style. Radiology Management, 24(6), 32–35.
- Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2. baskı). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Erickson, A., Shaw, B., Murray, J., & Branch, S. (2015). Destructive leadership: Causes, consequences and countermeasures. Organizational Dynamics, 44(4), 266–272. doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2015.09.003
- Ertz, M., Karakas, F., & Sarigöllü, E. (2016). Exploring pro-environmental behaviors of consumers: An analysis of contextual factors, attitude, and behaviors. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 3971–3980. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.06.010
- Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3. baskı). Sage.
- Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4. baskı). Sage.
- Fisher, C. M., Amabile, T. M., & Pillemer, J. (2021, 29 Ocak). How to help (without micromanaging). Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/01/how-to-help-without-micromanaging (Erişim tarihi: 20 Ağustos 2023)
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7. baskı). Pearson Education.
- Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1–30.
- Hançer, M. (2003). Ölçeklerin yazım dilinden başka bir dile çevirileri ve kullanılan değişik yaklaşımlar. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(10), 47–59.
- Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195–204. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3094025
Irani-Williams, F., Tribble, L., Rutner, P. S., Campbell, C., McKnight, D. H., & Hardgrave, B. C. (2021). Just let me do my job! Exploring the impact of micromanagement on IT professionals. The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, 52(3), 77–95. doi: 10.1145/3481629.3481635
- Iro-Idoro, C. B., & Jimoh, I. B. (2020). Impact of micromanagement on employees’ job performance in manufacturing industries in Ogun State Nigeria. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 745–755.
- John, A. M. (2021). Micro management: Is it detrimental to the interests of an organisation. International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity, 12(2), 69–72.
- Kamarudin, N., Nizam, N. Z., Sani, A. M., Bakri, M. H., & Harahap, A. Z. M. K. (2023). The impact of micromanage issue among manufacturing industry: Employees perception and job satisfaction. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Research, 34(2), 1–14. doi: 10.22068/ijiepr.34.2.4
- Karakoç, F. Y., & Dönmez, L. (2014). Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında temel ilkeler. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 40, 39–49. doi: 10.25282/ted.228738
- Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4. baskı). Guilford Publications.
- Li, J., & Khalid, U. (2015). Micromanaging behaviour and engineering management: A quantitative study of micromanaging behaviour of engineering managers [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Lund Üniversitesi.
- Limon, İ., & Dilekçi, Ü. (2021). Development and initial validation of micromanagement scale for school principals. Participatory Educational Research, 8(1), 123–140.
- Ling, T. P., Pihie, Z. A. L., Asimirin, S., & Fooi, F. S. (2015). The validity and reliability of teacher efficacy revisited in Malaysia secondary schools. Journal of Studies in Education, 5(1), 27–35.
- Maheswari, N. (2017). Micromanagement: Impact of depression in work environment. International Journal of Science, Technology and Management, 6(11), 1–16.
- Mishra, N., Rajkumar, M., & Mishra, R. (2019). Micromanagement: An employers’ perspective. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(10), 2949–2952.
- Mookerjee, A., Li, B., Arora, B., Surapaneni, R., Rajput, V., & Van de Ridder, M. (2022). Micromanagement during clinical supervision: Solutions to the challenges. Cureus, 14(3), e23523. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23523
- Ndidi, A. M., Edwinah, A., & Friday, O. B. (2022). Micromanaging behaviour and employee productivity in SMEs in Rivers State. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 6(4), 745–755. doi: 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6434
- Okpara, O. L. (2017). Micro-managing: Between management styles and environmental realities. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 6(8), 64–72.
- Patel, D. A., & Jha, K. N. (2016). Structural equation modeling for relationship-based determinants of safety performance in construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(6), 05016017. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000463
- Riordan, C. M. (2010, 29 Temmuz). Sometimes micromanaging is good—and necessary. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/2010/07/29/micromanage-employees-delegate-leadership-managing-staff.html?sh=1be177d242d5 (Erişim tarihi: 20 Ağustos 2023)
- Ryan, S., & Cross, C. (2024). Micromanagement and its impact on millennial followership styles. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(1), 140–152.
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Psychology Press.
- Serrat, O. (2011). The travails of micromanagement. Knowledge Solutions. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28109/travails-micromanagement.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18 Haziran 2023)
- Shao, T. A. (2002). Marketing research: An aid to decision making. South-Western/Thomson Learning.
- Shuford, J. A. (2019). Micromanagement: The enemy of staff morale. Corrections Today, 36–41.
- Sidhu, A. S. (2012). Micromanagement: A project management tool in crisis. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(12), 71–77.
- Smith, C. (2006). Preventing micromanagement—Creating high performance boards. Board Focus, 9(1), 1–12.
- Sulphey, M. M., & Upadhyay, Y. K. (2019). Construction and validation of micromanagement questionnaire. International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 5(3), 193–205.
- Sumi, K. V. (2016). Dilemmas of IT professionals with special emphasis on micromanagement. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(11), 794–800. doi: 10.21474/IJAR01/2149
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5. baskı). Pearson Education.
- Truong, Y., & McColl, R. (2011). Intrinsic motivations, self-esteem, and luxury goods consumption. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(6), 555–561. doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.08.004
- Umana-Ramírez, M. V., Silva-Atencio, G., & Nuño, J. P. (2023). Micro-management presence evaluation within technology-based project management. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(2), 56–64. doi: 10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.2.1599
- White, R. D., Jr. (2010). The micromanagement disease: Symptoms, diagnosis, and cure. Public Personnel Management, 39(1), 71–76. doi: 10.1177/009102601003900105
- Wright, R. F. (1999). Effect of micro management on job satisfaction & productivity: A case study. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 3(1), 51–61.
- Wright, R. F. (2000). Strategies for avoiding the micro management trap. Management Decision, 38(5), 362–364. doi: 10.1108/00251740010340544
MİKRO YÖNETİM: BİR ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI
Year 2025,
Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 51 - 71, 27.03.2025
Ülkühan Bike Esen
,
Şükran Sırkıntıoğlu Yıldırım
,
Fatih Sinan Esen
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sulphey ve Upadhyay (2019) tarafından geliştirilen 18 madde ve beş boyuttan oluşan mikro yönetim ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve geçerlik ile güvenirliğinin belirlenmesidir. İngilizce olan ölçek, Türkçe çeviri, geri çeviri, dil geçerliği ve pilot uygulama aşamalarını tamamladıktan sonra, 381 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Analiz aşamasında öncelikle, Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmış, daha sonra, güvenirlik çalışmaları için cronbach’s alpha değerleri hesaplanmış, geçerlik çalışmaları için ise benzeşim geçerliği ve ayrışım geçerliği kriterlerini sağlanması koşulu aranmıştır. Son olarak, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ile de yapı geçerliliği test edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, Türkçe ölçek 13 madde ve üç boyuttan oluşmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, uyarlaması yapılan mikro yönetim ölçeğinin geçerli ve güvenilir olarak kullanılabilecek bir ölçek olduğunu göstermiştir.
Ethical Statement
Bu çalışma bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanmıştır.
Bu çalışma için Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Etik Kurulunun 19/01/2023 tarihli ve 5 sayılı toplantısının kararı ile etik kurul onayı alınmıştır.
Bu çalışmada yazarların katkıları şu şekildedir: Ülkühan Bike Esen literatür taraması (%50), metin yazımı (%50), anketin hazırlanması (%34) ve kaynak ile veri temini (%35) süreçlerine katkıda bulunmuştur. Şükran Sırkıntıoğlu Yıldırım, literatür taraması (%50), metin yazımı (%50), anketin hazırlanması (%33) ve kaynak ile veri temini (%35) aşamalarında görev almıştır. Fatih Sinan Esen ise anketin hazırlanması (%33), istatistiksel ve ekonometrik analizlerin yapılması ile yorumlanması (%100) ve kaynak ile veri temini (%30) süreçlerine katkı sunmuştur.
Araştırmacı(lar) herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bildirmemiştir.
References
- Alvesson, M., & Sveningsson, S. (2003). Good visions, bad micro-management and ugly ambiguity: Contradictions of (non-)leadership in a knowledge-intensive organization. Organization Studies, 24(6), 961–988. doi: 10.1177/0170840603024006007
- Azdha, A., Jusoh, M., & Tham, J. (2023). Validating Meyer and Allen’s three component model employee commitment survey in the context of the resort sector of the Maldives. The Maldives National Journal of Research, 11(2), 65–82.
- Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (2012). Specification, evaluation, and interpretation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), 8–34. doi: 10.1007/s11747-011-0278-x
- Cambridge Dictionary. (2022). Micromanagement. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/micromanagement
- Cangemi, J. P. (2000). Leadership and micro-managing: What are the consequences? IFE Psychologia, 8(1), 212–218. https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA11171421_113
- Castillo, G. A. (2018). Micromanagement behavior: A qualitative empirical phenomenological study. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 6(2), 1057–1067.
- Castillo, G. A. (2020). The impact of female micromanagement on male workers: A qualitative empirical phenomenological study. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 4(1), 126–132.
- Chambers, H. E. (2004). My way or the highway: The micromanagement survival guide. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
- Chin, W. W., Gopal, A., & Salisbury, W. D. (1997). Advancing the theory of adaptive structuration: The development of a scale to measure faithfulness of appropriation. Information Systems Research, 8(4), 342–367. doi: 10.1287/isre.8.4.342
- Cleary, M., Hungerford, C., Lopez, V., & Cutcliffe, J. R. (2015). Towards effective management in psychiatric-mental health nursing: The dangers and consequences of micromanagement. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 36(6), 424–429. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2014.968694
- Collins, K., & Collins, S. (2002). Micromanagement: A costly management style. Radiology Management, 24(6), 32–35.
- Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2. baskı). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Erickson, A., Shaw, B., Murray, J., & Branch, S. (2015). Destructive leadership: Causes, consequences and countermeasures. Organizational Dynamics, 44(4), 266–272. doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2015.09.003
- Ertz, M., Karakas, F., & Sarigöllü, E. (2016). Exploring pro-environmental behaviors of consumers: An analysis of contextual factors, attitude, and behaviors. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 3971–3980. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.06.010
- Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3. baskı). Sage.
- Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4. baskı). Sage.
- Fisher, C. M., Amabile, T. M., & Pillemer, J. (2021, 29 Ocak). How to help (without micromanaging). Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/01/how-to-help-without-micromanaging (Erişim tarihi: 20 Ağustos 2023)
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7. baskı). Pearson Education.
- Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1–30.
- Hançer, M. (2003). Ölçeklerin yazım dilinden başka bir dile çevirileri ve kullanılan değişik yaklaşımlar. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(10), 47–59.
- Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195–204. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3094025
Irani-Williams, F., Tribble, L., Rutner, P. S., Campbell, C., McKnight, D. H., & Hardgrave, B. C. (2021). Just let me do my job! Exploring the impact of micromanagement on IT professionals. The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, 52(3), 77–95. doi: 10.1145/3481629.3481635
- Iro-Idoro, C. B., & Jimoh, I. B. (2020). Impact of micromanagement on employees’ job performance in manufacturing industries in Ogun State Nigeria. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, 745–755.
- John, A. M. (2021). Micro management: Is it detrimental to the interests of an organisation. International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity, 12(2), 69–72.
- Kamarudin, N., Nizam, N. Z., Sani, A. M., Bakri, M. H., & Harahap, A. Z. M. K. (2023). The impact of micromanage issue among manufacturing industry: Employees perception and job satisfaction. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Production Research, 34(2), 1–14. doi: 10.22068/ijiepr.34.2.4
- Karakoç, F. Y., & Dönmez, L. (2014). Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında temel ilkeler. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 40, 39–49. doi: 10.25282/ted.228738
- Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4. baskı). Guilford Publications.
- Li, J., & Khalid, U. (2015). Micromanaging behaviour and engineering management: A quantitative study of micromanaging behaviour of engineering managers [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Lund Üniversitesi.
- Limon, İ., & Dilekçi, Ü. (2021). Development and initial validation of micromanagement scale for school principals. Participatory Educational Research, 8(1), 123–140.
- Ling, T. P., Pihie, Z. A. L., Asimirin, S., & Fooi, F. S. (2015). The validity and reliability of teacher efficacy revisited in Malaysia secondary schools. Journal of Studies in Education, 5(1), 27–35.
- Maheswari, N. (2017). Micromanagement: Impact of depression in work environment. International Journal of Science, Technology and Management, 6(11), 1–16.
- Mishra, N., Rajkumar, M., & Mishra, R. (2019). Micromanagement: An employers’ perspective. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(10), 2949–2952.
- Mookerjee, A., Li, B., Arora, B., Surapaneni, R., Rajput, V., & Van de Ridder, M. (2022). Micromanagement during clinical supervision: Solutions to the challenges. Cureus, 14(3), e23523. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23523
- Ndidi, A. M., Edwinah, A., & Friday, O. B. (2022). Micromanaging behaviour and employee productivity in SMEs in Rivers State. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 6(4), 745–755. doi: 10.47772/IJRISS.2022.6434
- Okpara, O. L. (2017). Micro-managing: Between management styles and environmental realities. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 6(8), 64–72.
- Patel, D. A., & Jha, K. N. (2016). Structural equation modeling for relationship-based determinants of safety performance in construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 32(6), 05016017. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000463
- Riordan, C. M. (2010, 29 Temmuz). Sometimes micromanaging is good—and necessary. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/2010/07/29/micromanage-employees-delegate-leadership-managing-staff.html?sh=1be177d242d5 (Erişim tarihi: 20 Ağustos 2023)
- Ryan, S., & Cross, C. (2024). Micromanagement and its impact on millennial followership styles. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(1), 140–152.
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Psychology Press.
- Serrat, O. (2011). The travails of micromanagement. Knowledge Solutions. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28109/travails-micromanagement.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18 Haziran 2023)
- Shao, T. A. (2002). Marketing research: An aid to decision making. South-Western/Thomson Learning.
- Shuford, J. A. (2019). Micromanagement: The enemy of staff morale. Corrections Today, 36–41.
- Sidhu, A. S. (2012). Micromanagement: A project management tool in crisis. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(12), 71–77.
- Smith, C. (2006). Preventing micromanagement—Creating high performance boards. Board Focus, 9(1), 1–12.
- Sulphey, M. M., & Upadhyay, Y. K. (2019). Construction and validation of micromanagement questionnaire. International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 5(3), 193–205.
- Sumi, K. V. (2016). Dilemmas of IT professionals with special emphasis on micromanagement. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(11), 794–800. doi: 10.21474/IJAR01/2149
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5. baskı). Pearson Education.
- Truong, Y., & McColl, R. (2011). Intrinsic motivations, self-esteem, and luxury goods consumption. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(6), 555–561. doi: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2011.08.004
- Umana-Ramírez, M. V., Silva-Atencio, G., & Nuño, J. P. (2023). Micro-management presence evaluation within technology-based project management. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(2), 56–64. doi: 10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.2.1599
- White, R. D., Jr. (2010). The micromanagement disease: Symptoms, diagnosis, and cure. Public Personnel Management, 39(1), 71–76. doi: 10.1177/009102601003900105
- Wright, R. F. (1999). Effect of micro management on job satisfaction & productivity: A case study. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 3(1), 51–61.
- Wright, R. F. (2000). Strategies for avoiding the micro management trap. Management Decision, 38(5), 362–364. doi: 10.1108/00251740010340544