Vanadyum bileşiklerinin kanserdeki terapötik uygulamaları

Year 2023, , 441 - 450, 28.09.2023

Fazilet Gök , Suat Ekin

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1185780

Abstract

Vanadyum (V), çoğu memeli dokusunun endojen bir bileşenidir. Vanadyumun önemi insanlarda ve hayvanlarda hala net olmasa da, daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda mikroorganizmalar, bitkiler ve hayvanlar için gereklidir ve canlı organizmalardaki eksikliği birçok yan etkiyle ilişkilidir. Hücrelerde, vanadat ve fosfatın kısmen benzerliğinden dolayı, vanadyum bileşikleri çok sayıda sinyal yolunu ve transkripsiyon faktörünü aktive etmiştir. Bu da vanadyum bazlı terapötiklerin uygulanmasını güçlendirmiştir. Ancak, bu spesifik olmayan biyo-aktivitenin çeşitli yan etkileri de görülmektedir. Reaktif oksijen türleri oluşturarak oksidatif strese neden olabilir. Vanadyumun insülini taklit etme etkisinden dolayı diyabeti tedavi etmek ve gücü artırmak için çok sayıda hapın ve diğer diyet takviyelerinin bir bileşeni haline gelmiştir. Kan hemoglobini, V eksikliğinden etkilenmez, ancak V eksikliği olan diyetler amino asit metabolizmasını değiştirmeden kreatinin, trigliseritler, β-lipoprotein ve enzim benzeri glutamil transferaz ve sitrat asit döngüsünün aktivitelerini arttırır. Kolesterol düzeylerini, kalp hastalığını, sifilizi, tüberkülozu, anemiyi ve ödemi azalttığı, hemoglobin ve miyoglobinin oksijen afinitesinin artırılmasında rol oynadığı, iyot metabolizması ve tiroid fonksiyonu için gerekli olduğu bildirilmektedir. Kemiklerde kalsiyum birikimini kolaylaştırıp kemik kolajen sentezi ile, osteojenik ve osteoblastik aktivite için gereklidir, diyabetik koşullarda potansiyel bir antioksidan ajan olarak hareket eder. Vanadyum bileşikleri birçok alanda olduğu gibi kanseri tedavi etmede de rol oynar. 20. yüzyılın ortalarında, çeşitli çalışmalar, vanadyum bileşiklerinin kanser hücrelerinin apoptozunu, proliferasyonunu ve dönüşümünü düzenleyen potansiyel ajanlar olarak tanımlamışlardır. Vanadyum bileşikleri, bileşiğinin dozuna ve tipine bağlı olarak hem pro- hem de anti-tümör özellikler sergilemişlerdir. Düşük konsantrasyonlarda vanadyum tümör hücrelerinin çoğalmasını uyarırken, yüksek konsantrasyonlar inhibe edebilmektedirler. Bu derleme makalede, farklı kanser türleri için sentezlenen vanadyum bileşikleri ve bunların terapötik etkilerine değinilmiştir.

Keywords

Kanser, oksidatif stres, vanadyum

Therapeutic applications of Vanadium compounds in cancer

Abstract

Vanadium (V) is an endogenous component of most mammalian tissues. Although the importance of vanadium is still unclear in humans and animals, lower concentrations are required for microorganisms, plants and animals, and its deficiency in living organisms is associated with many adverse effects. In cells, due to the partial similarity of vanadate and phosphate, vanadium compounds have activated numerous signaling pathways and transcription factors. This has strengthened the application of vanadium-based therapeutics. However, various side effects of this non-specific bioactivity are also observed. It can cause oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species. Due to the insulin-mimicking effect of vanadium, it has become an ingredient in many pills and other dietary supplements to treat diabetes and increase potency. Blood hemoglobin is not affected by V deficiency, but diets with V deficiency increase the activities of creatinine, triglycerides, β-lipoprotein and the enzyme-like glutamyl transferase and citrate acid cycle without altering amino acid metabolism. It is reported that it reduces cholesterol levels, heart disease, syphilis, tuberculosis, anemia and edema, plays a role in increasing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and myoglobin and It is reported that it is necessary for iodine metabolism and thyroid function. It facilitates calcium deposition in bones and is required for bone collagen synthesis, osteogenic and osteoblastic activity, and acts as a potential antioxidant agent in diabetic conditions. Vanadium compounds play a role in treating cancer, as in many areas. In the mid-20th century, several studies identified vanadium compounds as potential agents that regulate apoptosis, proliferation, and transformation of cancer cells. Vanadium compounds exhibited both pro- and antitumor properties depending on the dose and type of compound. While low concentrations of vanadium stimulate the proliferation of tumor cells, high concentrations can inhibit it. In this review article, the synthesized vanadium compounds for different cancer types and their therapeutic effects are discussed.

Keywords

Cancer, oxidative stress, vanadium

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