Yaşlılarda düşme riski ve yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, , 276 - 284, 23.09.2024

Ömer Faruk Tekin , Ece Arık , Muammer Yılmaz , İnci Arıkan

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1395507

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlıların sağlığını tehdit eden durumlardan biri olan düşme riskini belirlemek ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.

Yöntemler: Çalışma, Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan bir ilde Eylül-Kasım 2022 tarihleri arasında yürütülen kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Anket, katılımcıların bilgilendirilmiş onamları alındıktan sonra aile sağlığı merkezlerinde yüz yüze uygulandı. Anket formu; sosyodemografik özellikler, düşmeye ilişkin özellikler, toplumdaki yaşlılarda düşme riski (FROP-Com) tarama ölçeği ve EQ-5D yaşam kalitesi ölçeğini içermekte idi.

Bulgular: Araştırma 413 katılımcıyla tamamlandı. Çalışma grubunda son bir yılda düşme görülme sıklığı %21,1 idi. FROP-Com taramasına göre; katılımcıların %8,0’ı yüksek düşme riskine, %92,0’ı düşük düşme riskine sahipti. EQ-5D indeks puan ortancası 0,7 (minimum=-0.2; maksimum=1.0) idi. FROP-Com düşme riski bağımlı değişken olarak kabul edildiğinde, düşme riski; egzersiz yapmayanlarda 2,5 kat, denge sorunu olanlarda 5,1 kat, yardımcı cihaz kullananlarda ise kullanmayanlara göre 3,6 kat arttığı belirlendi.

Sonuç: Kütahya’nın Merkez ilçesinde 65 yaş üstü her beş kişiden birinde son bir yıl içinde düşme öyküsü vardı. Çalışmada, egzersiz durumu ile düşme arasındaki ilişki dikkat çekmektedir. Egzersiz durumunun artırılması ile düşmeler önlenebilecek ya da azaltılabilecektir.

Keywords

Düşme, yaşam kalitesi, yaşlılık

Ethical Statement

Çalışmanın etik kurulu Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Kurulundan alındı (17 Ağustos 2022 tarih ve 2022/08-18 sayıIı)

Supporting Institution

Çalışma için destek alınmamaıştır.

Evaluation of falling risk and quality of life in the elderly

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the risk of falling, which is one of the conditions that threaten the health of the elderly, and to evaluate its relationship with quality of life.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a province located in the west of Türkiye between September and November 2022. The questionnaire was conducted face-to-face in family health centers after obtaining informed consent from the participants. In this study, a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, features related to falls, the fall risk for the older in the community (FROP-Com) screening scale, and the EQ-5D quality of life scale was used.

Results: The study was completed with 413 participants. The prevalence of falls within the last year in the study group was 21.1%. According to FROP-Com screen; 8.0% of the participants had a low fall risk and 92.0% had a high fall risk. The median EQ-5D index score was 0.7 (minimum=-0.2; maximum=1.0). FROP-Com fall risk was accepted as the dependent variable, the risk of falling; It was found that it increased 2.5 times in those who did not exercise, 5.1 times in those who did have balance problems, and 3.6 times in those who used assistive devices compared to those who did not.

Conclusion: In the Central District of Kütahya, one out of every five people over the age of 65 had a history of falling within the last year. In the study, it is remarkable that there is a relationship between exercise status and the risk of falling. Falls can be prevented or reduced by increasing exercise status.

Keywords

Accidental falls, aged, quality of life

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kütahya Health Sciences University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (dated 17 August 2022 and numbered 2022/08-18).

Supporting Institution

This research did not receive any funding.

References

• Wu S, Ou J, Shu L. et al. MhNet: Multi-scale spatio-temporal hierarchical network for real-time wearable fall risk assessment of the elderly. Comput Biol Med. 2022;144:105355.
• World Health Organization. Step safety: strategies for preventing and managing falls across the life-course. Geneva; 2021. 183 p.
• Bergland A. Fall risk factors in community-dwelling elderly people. Norsk Epidemiologi. 2012;22(2):151–64.
• World Health Organization. Ageing [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Aug 16]. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/ageing#tab=tab_1
• Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). Elders with statistics [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Aug 16]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Yaslilar-2021-45636
• Yoo JS, Kim CG, Yim JE, Jeon MY. Risk factors of repeated falls in the community dwelling old people. J Exerc Rehabil. 2019;15(2):275-81.
• Masud T, Morris RO. Epidemiology of falls. Age Ageing. 2001;30 Suppl 4:3-7.
• Schoene D, Heller C, Aung YN, Sieber CC, Kemmler W, Freiberger E. A systematic review on the influence of fear of falling on quality of life in older people: is there a role for falls?. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:701-19.
• Gülhan Güner S, Nural N, Erden A. Evde Yaşayan Genç Yaşlıların İlaç Yönetimi, Ev İçi Düzenlemeleri, Egzersiz Alışkanlıkları Ve Yaşam Kalitesi İle Düşme Risk Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Pilot Çalışma. İKÇÜSBFD. 2017;2(2):13-9..
• Haraldstad K, Wahl A, Andenæs R, et al. A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences. Qual Life Res. 2019;28(10):2641-50.
• Çınarlı T, Koç Z. 65 Yaş Ve Üzeri Yaşlılarda Düşme Risk Ve Korkusunun Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;4(4):660-79.
• Russell MA, Hill KD, Day LM, Blackberry I, Gurrin LC, Dharmage SC. Development of the Falls Risk for Older People in the Community (FROP-Com) screening tool. Age Ageing. 2009;38(1):40-6.
• EuroQol Group. EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990;16(3):199-208.
• Kahyaoğlu Süt H, Unsar S. Is EQ-5D a valid quality of life instrument in patients with acute coronary syndrome?. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2011;11(2):156-62.
• Mishra N, Mishra AK, Bidija M. A study on correlation between depression, fear of fall and quality of life in elderly individuals. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017;5(4):1456-60.
• Noh JW, Kim KB, Lee JH, Lee BH, Kwon YD, Heui Lee S. The elderly and falls: Factors associated with quality of life A cross-sectional study using large-scale national data in Korea. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;73:279-83.
• Kamel MH, Abdulmajeed AA, Ismail Sel-S. Risk factors of falls among elderly living in urban Suez--Egypt. Pan Afr Med J. 2013;14:26.
• Wu H, Ouyang P. Fall prevalence, time trend and its related risk factors among elderly people in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;73:294-9.
• u PL, Qin ZH, Shi J, et al. Prevalence and related factors of falls among the elderly in an urban community of Beijing. Biomed Environ Sci. 2009;22(3):179-87.
• Alabdullgader A, Rabbani U. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Falls Among the Elderly in Unaizah City, Saudi Arabia. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2021;21(1):e86-93.
• Zhao YL, Alderden J, Lind B, Stibrany J. Risk factors for falls in homebound community-dwelling older adults. Public Health Nurs. 2019;36(6):772-8.
• Dhargave P, Sendhilkumar R. Prevalence of risk factors for falls among elderly people living in long-term care homes. J Clin Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;7(3):99–103.
• Cuevas-Trisan R. Balance Problems and Fall Risks in the Elderly. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2017;28(4):727-37.
• Kantow S, Seangpraw K, Ong-Artborirak P, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Fall Awareness, Falls, and Quality of Life Among Ethnic Minority Older Adults in Upper Northern Thailand. Clin Interv Aging. 2021;16:1777-88.
• Arpacı F, Tokyürek Ş, Bilgili N. Life quality of elderly living in the nursing home. Elder Issues Res J. 2015;8(1):1–11.
• Değer TB, Ordu Y. Factors Affecting Quality of Life in the Elderly: A Rural Example. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2022;11(2):574–85.
• Kim Y, Lee E. The association between elderly people’s sedentary behaviors and their health-related quality of life: focusing on comparing the young-old and the old-old. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17(1):131.
• Van Nguyen T, Van Nguyen H, Duc Nguyen T, Van Nguyen T, The Nguyen T. Difference in quality of life and associated factors among the elderly in rural Vietnam. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017;58(1):E63-71.