Research Article
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Mental Retardasyonu Olan Yetişkinlerin Ailelerinde Bakim Yükü ve İlişkili Faktörler

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 169 - 176, 25.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.327742

Abstract

Amaç: Bakım veren yükü, zihinsel yetersizliği (ZY) olan bireylerde yaşam beklentisinin artması ile
yetişkinlerle ilgili giderek ilgi çeken bir araştırma konusu olmuştur. Ülkemizde yetişkinlerin bakım
yükü ile ilgili yeterli bilgi yoktur. Bu çalışmanın amacı ZY’li yetişkinlerin aileleri üzerindeki bakım
verme yükünü ölçmek ve bakım yükü ile sosyodemografik ve klinik parametrelerin ilişkisini incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 102 ZY’li yetişkin ve bunların bakım veren aileleri; poliklinikler, rehabilitasyon
merkezleri ve okullar aracılığıyla ulaşılarak dahil edilmiştir. Veriler çalışma için hazırlanıp
yapılandırılmış bir form, Zarit Bakıcı Yükü Ölçeği ve Gelişimsel Bozukluğu Olan Yetişkinlerde
Psikiyatrik Tarama Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Ortalama bakım yükü puanı 54,68±13,8 idi. Bakım yükünü artıran en önemli etken ZY’li
bireyde otizm spektrum bozukluğu eştanısı olmasıydı (p=0,001). ZY’li kişide davranış sorunları-
nın olması da yükü artıran diğer bir etkendi (p=0,031). En yüksek bakım yükü puanının üniversite
mezunu bakım verenlere ait olduğu görüldü. ZY’li bireylerin yaşı, cinsiyeti, bakım süresi, fiziksel
ve ruhsal hastalıkları, inkontinans durumu, ev dışı etkinlik düzeyi ve sözel becerisi ile bakım yükü
arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı.

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Davranış sorunlarının önlenmesi ve uygun yönetimi ile otizm spektrumundaki
ZY’li bireylerin ailelerinin ihtiyaç ve beklentilerinin belirlenmesi ailelerin bakım yükünü hafifletmede
önemli bir adım olacaktır. Ayrıca en yüksek bakım yükünün, sorunların daha çok farkında olması
muhtemel üniversite mezunu aileler tarafından bildirilmesi de dikkat çekici bir husustur.

References

  • 1. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioural Sciences / Clinical Psychiatry.11th ed. International ed. Wolters Kluwer;2015. p. 1118-1120
  • 2. Maulik PK, Mascarenhas MN, Mathers CD, Dua T, Saxena S. Prevalence of intellectual disability: a meta-analysis of population-based studies. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(2):419-36.
  • 3. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines:World Health Organization. Geneva;1992.p.176-180
  • 4. Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist. 1980;20(6):649-55.
  • 5. Williamson HJ, Perkins EA. Family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Outcomes associated with US services and supports. Ment Retard. 2014;52(2):147-59.
  • 6. Coppus A. People with intellectual disability: What do we know about adulthood and life expectancy? Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2013;18(1):6-16.
  • 7. Robinson S, Weiss JA, Lunsky Y, Ouellette‐Kuntz H. Informal support and burden among parents of adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect. 2016;29(4):356-65
  • 8. Al-Krenawi A, Graham JR, Al Gharaibeh F. The impact of intellectual disability, caregiver burden, family functioning, marital quality, and sense of coherence. Disability Soc. 2011;26(2):139-50.
  • 9. Cangür Ş, Civan G, Çoban S, Mazhar K, Karakoç H, Budak S, et al. Düzce ilinde bedensel ve/veya zihinsel engelli bireylere sahip ailelerin toplumsal yaşama katılımlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2013;3(3):1-9.
  • 10. Sivrikaya T, Tekinarslan İÇ. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuğa sahip annelerde stres, sosyal destek ve aile yükü. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi. 2013;14(02):017-29.
  • 11. Hanzawa S, Tanaka G, Inadomi H, Urata M, Ohta Y. Burden and coping strategies in mothers of patients with schizophrenia in Japan. Psychiat Clin Neuros 2008;62(3):256-63.
  • 12. Özlü A, Yıldız M, Aker T. Zarit bakıcı yük ölçeğinin şizofreni hasta yakınlarında geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması.Noropsikiyatri Ars2009; 46:38-42.
  • 13. Moss S, Prosser H, Costello H, Simpson N, Patel P, Rowe S, et al. Reliability and validity of the PAS‐ADD Checklist for detecting psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. J Intell Disabil Res. 1998;42(2):173-83.
  • 14. Moss S. The PAS-ADD checklist (revised). Brighton, UK: Pavilion Publishing. 2002.
  • 15. Görmez A, Kırpınar İ. The psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disability checklist: reliability and validity of Turkish version. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017:1-10.
  • 16. Pazvantoğlu O, Sarısoy G, Böke Ö, Aker AA, Özturan DD, Ünverdi E. Şizofrenide bakım veren yükünün boyutları: Hastaların işlevselliğinin rolü. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2014;27:53-60.
  • 17. Karahan, A, İslam, S. Fiziksel engelli çocuk ve yaşlı hastalara bakım verme yükü üzerine bir Karşılaştırma çalışması. MÜSBED. 2013;3(Suppl. 1): S1-S7
  • 18. Blacher J, Kraemer B, Howell E. Family expectations and transition experiences for young adults with severe disabilities: does syndrome matter? Adv Ment Health Intellect Disabil. 2010;4(1):3-16.
  • 19. Vohra R, Madhavan S, Sambamoorthi U, St Peter C. Access to services, quality of care, and family impact for children with autism, other developmental disabilities, and other mental health conditions. Autism. 2014;18(7):815-26.
  • 20. Maes B, Broekman T, Došen A, Nauts J. Caregiving burden of families looking after persons with intellectual disability and behavioural or psychiatric problems. J Intell Disabil Res. 2003;47(6):447-55.
  • 21. Irazábal M, Marsà F, García M, Gutiérrez-Recacha P, Martorell A, Salvador-Carulla L, et al. Family burden related to clinical and functional variables of people with intellectual disability with and without a mental disorder. Res Dev Disabil. 2012;33(3):796-803.
  • 22. Allen D, Lowe K, Matthews H, Anness V. Screening for psychiatric disorders in a total population of adults with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour using the PAS‐ADD checklist. J Appl Res Intellect. 2012;25(4):342-9.
  • 23. Buckles J, Luckasson R, Keefe E. A systematic review of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability, 2003–2010. J Ment Health Res Intellect Disabil. 2013;6(3):181-207.
  • 24. Pinquart M, Sörensen S. Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: An updated meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2006;61(1):P33-P45.
  • 25. Heller T, Hsieh K, Rowitz L. Maternal and paternal caregiving of persons with mental retardation across the lifespan. Fam Relat. 1997:407-15.
  • 26. Chou Y-C, Fu L-y, Lin L-C, Lee Y-C. Predictors of subjective and objective caregiving burden in older female caregivers of adults with intellectual disabilities. International psychogeriatrics. 2011;23(4):562-72.

Family Caregiving Burden of Adults with Intellectual Disability and Associated Factors

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 169 - 176, 25.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.327742

Abstract

Aim: In the literature there has been growing interest in caregiving burden of adults with intellectual disability (ID), following the increase in life expectancy of adults with ID. There is no adequate data concerning the caregiving burden of this age group in Turkey. In this study we aimed to determine family caregiving burden of adults with ID and to investigate the relationship between caregiving burden and various clinical and sociodemographic parameters.

Materials and Methods: One-hundred and two adults with ID and their families were included in this study, all of whom were reached through polyclinics, rehabilitation centers, and schools. The data were collected by using a specifically designed, structured form, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, and the Psychiatric Assessment Scale for Adults with Developmental Disabilities.

Results: The mean caregiving burden score was 54.68±13.83. The primary factor increasing the caregiving burden was found to be a comorbid diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the individual with ID (p=0.001). Presence of behavioral problems was another factor increasing the caregiving burden (p=0.031). The highest caregiving burden score was observed in university graduate caregivers. No significant relationship was found between caregiving burden and gender, age, physical and mental illnesses, incontinence status, physical disability status, community services attendance, and verbal ability level of people with ID as well as the duration of the care given.

Discussion and Conclusion: Prevention and appropriate management of behavioral problems, in addition to determining the needs and expectations of families of people with ID on the autism spectrum will be a critical step in lessening the caregiving burden on the families. Another remarkable point is that the highest caregiving burden reported belonged to university-graduate caregivers, who are likely to have a greater awareness of problems


References

  • 1. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioural Sciences / Clinical Psychiatry.11th ed. International ed. Wolters Kluwer;2015. p. 1118-1120
  • 2. Maulik PK, Mascarenhas MN, Mathers CD, Dua T, Saxena S. Prevalence of intellectual disability: a meta-analysis of population-based studies. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(2):419-36.
  • 3. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines:World Health Organization. Geneva;1992.p.176-180
  • 4. Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist. 1980;20(6):649-55.
  • 5. Williamson HJ, Perkins EA. Family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Outcomes associated with US services and supports. Ment Retard. 2014;52(2):147-59.
  • 6. Coppus A. People with intellectual disability: What do we know about adulthood and life expectancy? Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2013;18(1):6-16.
  • 7. Robinson S, Weiss JA, Lunsky Y, Ouellette‐Kuntz H. Informal support and burden among parents of adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect. 2016;29(4):356-65
  • 8. Al-Krenawi A, Graham JR, Al Gharaibeh F. The impact of intellectual disability, caregiver burden, family functioning, marital quality, and sense of coherence. Disability Soc. 2011;26(2):139-50.
  • 9. Cangür Ş, Civan G, Çoban S, Mazhar K, Karakoç H, Budak S, et al. Düzce ilinde bedensel ve/veya zihinsel engelli bireylere sahip ailelerin toplumsal yaşama katılımlarının karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2013;3(3):1-9.
  • 10. Sivrikaya T, Tekinarslan İÇ. Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuğa sahip annelerde stres, sosyal destek ve aile yükü. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi. 2013;14(02):017-29.
  • 11. Hanzawa S, Tanaka G, Inadomi H, Urata M, Ohta Y. Burden and coping strategies in mothers of patients with schizophrenia in Japan. Psychiat Clin Neuros 2008;62(3):256-63.
  • 12. Özlü A, Yıldız M, Aker T. Zarit bakıcı yük ölçeğinin şizofreni hasta yakınlarında geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması.Noropsikiyatri Ars2009; 46:38-42.
  • 13. Moss S, Prosser H, Costello H, Simpson N, Patel P, Rowe S, et al. Reliability and validity of the PAS‐ADD Checklist for detecting psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. J Intell Disabil Res. 1998;42(2):173-83.
  • 14. Moss S. The PAS-ADD checklist (revised). Brighton, UK: Pavilion Publishing. 2002.
  • 15. Görmez A, Kırpınar İ. The psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disability checklist: reliability and validity of Turkish version. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017:1-10.
  • 16. Pazvantoğlu O, Sarısoy G, Böke Ö, Aker AA, Özturan DD, Ünverdi E. Şizofrenide bakım veren yükünün boyutları: Hastaların işlevselliğinin rolü. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2014;27:53-60.
  • 17. Karahan, A, İslam, S. Fiziksel engelli çocuk ve yaşlı hastalara bakım verme yükü üzerine bir Karşılaştırma çalışması. MÜSBED. 2013;3(Suppl. 1): S1-S7
  • 18. Blacher J, Kraemer B, Howell E. Family expectations and transition experiences for young adults with severe disabilities: does syndrome matter? Adv Ment Health Intellect Disabil. 2010;4(1):3-16.
  • 19. Vohra R, Madhavan S, Sambamoorthi U, St Peter C. Access to services, quality of care, and family impact for children with autism, other developmental disabilities, and other mental health conditions. Autism. 2014;18(7):815-26.
  • 20. Maes B, Broekman T, Došen A, Nauts J. Caregiving burden of families looking after persons with intellectual disability and behavioural or psychiatric problems. J Intell Disabil Res. 2003;47(6):447-55.
  • 21. Irazábal M, Marsà F, García M, Gutiérrez-Recacha P, Martorell A, Salvador-Carulla L, et al. Family burden related to clinical and functional variables of people with intellectual disability with and without a mental disorder. Res Dev Disabil. 2012;33(3):796-803.
  • 22. Allen D, Lowe K, Matthews H, Anness V. Screening for psychiatric disorders in a total population of adults with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour using the PAS‐ADD checklist. J Appl Res Intellect. 2012;25(4):342-9.
  • 23. Buckles J, Luckasson R, Keefe E. A systematic review of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability, 2003–2010. J Ment Health Res Intellect Disabil. 2013;6(3):181-207.
  • 24. Pinquart M, Sörensen S. Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: An updated meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2006;61(1):P33-P45.
  • 25. Heller T, Hsieh K, Rowitz L. Maternal and paternal caregiving of persons with mental retardation across the lifespan. Fam Relat. 1997:407-15.
  • 26. Chou Y-C, Fu L-y, Lin L-C, Lee Y-C. Predictors of subjective and objective caregiving burden in older female caregivers of adults with intellectual disabilities. International psychogeriatrics. 2011;23(4):562-72.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Authors

Aynur Görmez

Publication Date September 25, 2017
Acceptance Date August 13, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 22 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Görmez A. Family Caregiving Burden of Adults with Intellectual Disability and Associated Factors. Anatolian Clin. 2017;22(3):169-76.

13151 This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.