Yengeç ve Yumurta: Kanser Araştırmalarında Civciv Embriyosu Kullanımının Tarihçesi

Year 2020, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 264 - 273, 29.10.2020

Serap Uslu Mahmut Alpertunga Kara

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.737042

Abstract

Amaç: Civciv embriyoları uzun zamandır embriyo gelişimine dair araştırmalarda bir kaynak olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bir tür hastalık olarak kanser de uzun zamandır bilinmekle birlikte, onkogenez ve embriyogenezin bir arada incelenmesi daha çok son bir asırda söz konusu olmuştur. Onkogenezin anlaşılmasında civciv embriyoları uygun bir model sağlamaktadır. Çalışmamızda geçmişte birbirinden bağımsız çalışılmış olan onkogenez ve embriyogenez hadiselerinin birlikte ele alınma sürecini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Civciv embriyolojisi ve kanser araştırmaları tarihiyle ilgili çalışmalara ve civciv modellerinin kanser araştırmalarında kullanılabilirliğiyle ilgili güncel derlemelere yönelik kapsamlı bir literatür taramasından elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Antikiteden itibaren gerek gelişim biyolojisi gerekse kanserin klinik ve etiyolojik özellikleri birer inceleme alanı olmuştur. Her iki alan da farklı dönemlerde geçerli farklı teorilere göre ve birbirinden bağımsız ele alınmıştır. Mikroskobun kullanılmaya başlaması, ardından tekniklerin ve teknolojinin giderek gelişmesi ve hücresel patolojinin yaygın bir biçimde benimsenmesi onkogenez ve embriyogenezin birlikte ele alınması için uygun zemin oluşturmuştur. Yirminci yüzyıl başlarında civciv embriyolarına kanser nakli deneyleri başlamış ve aynı yüzyılın sonlarında çeşitli sinyal yolakları keşfedilmiştir. Civciv embriyolarının kullanımı devam etmekle birlikte, bu süreçte farklı modeller de ortaya çıkmıştır.

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Embriyogenez ve onkogenezin moleküler düzeyde benzer sinyal yolakları içermesi gelişim biyolojisi ve kanser biyolojisi alanlarını birbirine yaklaştırmaktadır. Civciv embriyo modelleri her iki alan için de kullanışlı bir çalışma modeli teşkil etmektedir. Kök hücre ve gen manipülasyonu boyutları da eklenerek, bu modellerin kullanılmaya devam etmesi beklenmektedir.

Keywords

kanser araştırmaları, Civciv embriyolojisi tarihi, sinyal yolakları

The Crab and the Egg: A History of Cancer Research Using Chick Embryos

Abstract

Aim: Chick embryos have long been used as a source in research on embryonic development. Although cancer has also long been known as a nosological entity, the joint investigation of embryogenesis and oncogenesis has mostly occurred during the last one hundred years. Chick embryos provide a suitable model for understanding oncogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the historical process that has led to joint studies of embryogenesis and oncogenesis, which were previously studied separately.

Materials and Methods: We evaluated findings that resulted from an extensive literature review of studies on the history of chick embryology and cancer research and recent reviews on the usability of chick models in cancer research.

Results: Both developmental biology and clinical and etiological characteristics of cancer have been an area of study since antiquity. The two fields were worked on separately and in line with different theories prevailing at different periods of time. The introduction of the microscope, the subsequent progressive advance in techniques and technology, and the widespread adoption of cellular pathology paved the way for joint studies of embryogenesis and oncogenesis. The early 20th century saw the first experiments of cancer transplantation in chick embryos, and various signaling pathways were discovered toward the end of the same century. While the use of chick embryos continues, other models were also introduced during this period.

Discussion and Conclusion: Given the similarities in molecular signal pathways involved in embryogenesis and oncogenesis, developmental biology and cancer biology are closely linked to each other. Chick embryo models constitute a useful study model in both fields. It is expected that these models will continue to be used, being enhanced by stem cell and gene manipulation research.

Keywords

cancer research, History of chick embryology, signal pathways

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