Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Psödofakik Retina Dekolmanlı Hastaların Demografik ve Klinik Özellikleri ve Bunların Cerrahi Başarıya Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 206 - 213, 29.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.768979

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada psödofakik retina dekolmanı (PRD) nedeniyle opere edilen hastaların klinik ve demografik özelliklerini saptamak ve bu özelliklerin cerrahi başarıya etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.



Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Şubat 2006—Ocak 2009 döneminde Beyoğlu Göz Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi I. Göz Kliniği Retina Birimi’nde PRD tanısı alan 60 hastanın 60 gözü çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların demografik ve ameliyat öncesindeki, sırasındaki ve sonrasındaki klinik verileri kaydedildi.



Bulgular:
Yaş ortalaması 58,45±14,91 yıl olan hastaların, 46’sı (%76,7) erkek, 14’ü (%23,3) kadın idi. Hastaların 52’sinde (%86,6) fakoemülsifikasyon cerrahisi, 1’inde (%1,6) planlanmış ekstrakapsüler katarakt ekstraksiyonu, 1’inde (%1,6) intrakapsüler katarakt ekstraksiyonu, 3’ünde (%5) refraktif şeffaf lens ekstraksiyonu, 3’ünde ise (%5) pediyatrik katarakt tanısıyla irigasyon/aspirasyon ile lens ekstraksiyonu gerçekleştirilmişti. Hastaların 22’sinde (%36,6) kapsül içine arka kamara lensi, 32’sinde (%53,3) sulkusa arka kamara lensi, 4’ünde (%6,6) ön kamara lensi, 2’sinde (%3,3) skleral fiksasyonlu lens implante edilmişti. Kırk dört (%73) hastada arka kapsül bütünlüğü bozulmuştu. Hastaların 27’sinde (%45) ameliyat öncesi göz dibi incelemesinde, 18 (%30) hastada ise ameliyat sırasında yırtık tespit edildi. On beş (%25) hastada ise yırtık saptanmadı. Hastalara proliferatif vitreoretinopati (PVR) evresi, lensin ve arka kapsülün durumu, retinal yırtığın yerleşimi gibi faktörlere göre 4 ayrı cerrahi prosedür uygulandı: 360 derece skleral çökertme + lokal çökertme (Grup I); 360 derece skleral çökertme + pars plana vitrektomi + tamponat (Grup II); 360 derece skleral çökertme + pars plana vitrektomi + intraoküler lens çıkarma + tamponat (Grup III); 23G pars plana vitrektomi + tamponat (Grup IV). Ortalama hasta takip süresi 18,3±5,2 (6–32) ay idi. Son kontrollerde 60 hastanın 58’inde (%96,6) anatomik başarı, 17’sinde (%32) fonksiyonel başarı elde edilmişti. PVR evresi C1 ve daha erken evre olan hastalarda fonksiyonel başarı oranı daha yüksekti (p<0,001).



Tartışma ve Sonuç:
Bulgularımıza göre PRD’de PVR evresi anatomik ve fonksiyonel başarı ile direkt ilişkilidir. PVR’si erken evredeki PRD’li hastalarda cerrahi tedavi daha başarılıdır.

Supporting Institution

yok

References

  • 1. Cooan P, Wayne EF, Webster RG, Allen A, Abbott RL. The incidence following extracapsular cataract extraction. A ten tear study. Ophthalmology. 1985:92:1098–101.
  • 2. Smith PW, Stark WJ, Maumenee E, Enger CL, Michels RG, Glaser BM, ve ark. Retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens. Ophthalmology. 1987:94:495–503.
  • 3. Kraff MC, Sanders DR. Incidence of retinal detachment following posterior chamber intraocular lens surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1990;16:477–80.
  • 4. Rowe JA, Erie JC, Baratz KH, Hodge DO, Gray DT, Butterfield L, ve ark. Retinal detachment in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976 through 1995. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:154–9.
  • 5. Haimann MH, Burton TC, Brown CK. Epidemiology of retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:289–92.
  • 6. Percival SP, Anand V, Das SK. Prevalence of pseudophakic detachment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1983:67:43–5.
  • 7. McHugh D, Wong D, Chignell A, Leaver P, Cooling R. Pseudophakic retinal detachment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophtalmol. 1991:229:521–5.
  • 8. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Risk factors for idiopathic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Am J Epidemiol. 1993:137:749–57.
  • 9. Burton TC. The influence of refractive error and lattice degeneration on the incidence of retinal detachment. Trans Am Ophtalmol Soc. 1989:87:143–55.
  • 10. Lois N, Wong D. Pseudophakic retinal detachment. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48:467–87.
  • 11. Hasanreisoğlu B. Proliferatif vitreoretinopati. In: Özçetin H (ed.), Türk Oftalmoloji Yayınları no. 3: Vitreoretinal Cerrahi. İstanbul: Scala Yayıncılık; 2005:123–38.
  • 12. Cousins S, Boniuk I, Okun E, Johnston GP, Arribas NP, Escoffery RF, ve ark. Pseudophakic retinal detachments in the presence of various IOL types. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:1198–208.
  • 13. Francois J, Verbraeken H. Complication in 1,000 consecutive intracapsular cataract extraction. Ophthalmologica. 1980;180:121–8.
  • 14. Girard P, Gaudric A, Lequoy O, Chauvaud D, Chaine G. Pseudophakic retinal detachment. Ophthalmologica. 1991;203:30–7.
  • 15. Hunemohr D, Pham DT, Wollensak J. Retinal detachment with posterior chamber lens. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1992;200(2):91–4.
  • 16. Javitt JC, Street DA, Tielsch JM, Wang Q, Kolb MM, Schien O, ve ark. National outcomes of cataract extraction. Retinal detachment and endophthalmitis after outpatient cataract surgery. Cataract Patient Outcomes Research Team. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:100–6.
  • 17. Kazahaya M. Prophylaxis of retinal detachment. Semin Ophthalmol. 1995;10:79–86.
  • 18. Davison JA. Retinal tears and detachments after extracapsular cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1988;14:624–32.
  • 19. Naeser K, Nielsen NE. Retinal detachment following intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extraction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1995;21:127–31.
  • 20. Armstrong TA, Lichtenstein SB. Intraocular lenses in myopes. Ophthalmic Surg. 1984;15:653–7.
  • 21. Clayman HM, Jaffe NS, Light DS, Jaffe MS, Cassady JC, Jaffe MS. Intraocular lenses, axial length, and retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;92:778–80.
  • 22. Fung WE, Coonan P, Ho BT. Incidence of retinal detachments following extracapsular cataract extractions. A prospective study. Retina. 1981;1:232–7.
  • 23. Gassmann FA. Aphakic versus pseudophakic retinal detachments. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1988;192:444–7.
  • 24. Hakenova J, Rozsival P. Vitreoretinal complications in cataract surgery, I. Retinal detachment. Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 1997;53:363–7.
  • 25. Hurite FG, Sorr EM, Everett WG. The incidence of retinal detachment following phacoemulsification. Ophthalmology. 1979;86:2004–6.
  • 26. Troutman RC, Clahane AC, Emery JM. Cataract survey of the cataract–phacoemulsification committee. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1975;79:178–85.
  • 27. Altamirano D, Guex-Crosier Y, Bovey E. Complications of posterior capsulotomy with the Nd:YAG laser. Study of 226 cases. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1994;204:286–7.
  • 28. Ambler JS, Constable IJ. Retinal detachment following Nd:YAG capsulotomy. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1988;16:337–41.
  • 29. Krauss JM, Puliafito CA, Miglior S, Steinert RF, Cheng HM. Vitreous changes after Nd:YAG laser photodistruption. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104:592–7.
  • 30. Bovey EH, Gonvers M, Sahli O. Surgical treatment of retinal detachment in pseudophakia: comparison between vitrectomy and scleral buckling. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1998;212:314–7.
  • 31. Lincoff H, Kreissig I. Finding the retinal hole in the pseudophakic eye with detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:442–6.
  • 32. Tornambe PE, Hilton GF, Brinton DA, Flood TP, Green S, Grizzard WS, ve ark. Pneumatic retinopexy. A two-year follow-up study of the multicenter clinical trial comparing pneumatic retinopexy with scleral buckling. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:1115–23.
  • 33. Campo RV, Sipperley JO, Sneed SR, Park DW, Dugel PU, Jacobsen J, ve ark. Pars plana vitrectomy without scleral buckle for pseudophakic retinal detachments. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1811–6.
  • 34. Bartz-Schmidt KU, Kirchhof B, Heimann K. Primary vitrectomy for pseudophakic retinal detachment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80:346–9.
  • 35. Devenyi RG, de Carvalho Nakamura H. Combined scleral buckle and pars plana vitrectomy as a primary procedure for pseudophakic retinal detachments. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1999;30:615–8.
  • 36. Garty DS, Chignell AH, Franks WA, Wong D. Pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment uncomplicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77:199–203.
  • 37. Miniham M, Tanner V, Williamson TH. Primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: 20 years of change. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:546–8.
  • 38. Walter P, Hellmich M, Baumgarten S, Schiller P, Limburg E, Agostini H, ve ark. Vitrectomy with and without encircling band for pseudophakic retinal detachment: Viper Study Report no 2—main results. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101:712–8.
  • 39. Setlur VJ, Rayess N, Garg SJ, Hsu J, Luo CK, Regillo CD, ve ark. Combined 23-gauge PPV and scleral buckle versus 23-gauge PPV alone for primary repair of pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:702–7.
  • 40. Yoon YH, Sheu SJ, Terasaki H. Primary vitrectomy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: surgical outcomes. In: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR (ed.), Ryan’s Retina. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2018:1937–9.
  • 41. Kassem R, Greenwald Y, Achiron A, Hecht I, Man V, Haim LB, ve ark. Peak occurrence of retinal detachment following cataract surgery: a systematic review and pooled analysis with internal validation. J Ophthalmol. 2018;2018:9206418.
  • 42. Yoshida A, Ogasawa H, Jalkh AE, Sanders RJ, McMeel JW, Schepens CL. Retinal detachment after cataract surgery. Surgical results. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:460–5.
  • 43. Wong CW, Wong WL, Yeo IY, Loh BK, Wong EYM, Wong DWK, ve ark. Trends and factors related to outcomes for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery in a large Asian tertiary eye center. Retina 2014;34:684–92.
  • 44. Jackson TL, Donachie PH, Sallam A, Sparrow JM, Johnston RL. United Kingdom National Ophthalmology Database study of vitreoretinal surgery: report 3, retinal detachment. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:643–8.
  • 45. Lean JS, Boone DC, Azen SP, Lai MY, Linton KLP, McCuen BW, ve ark. Vitrectomy with silicone oil or sulfur hexafluoride gas in eyes with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy: results of a randomized clinical trial. Silicone Study Report 1. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110(6):770–9.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment and Their Effects on the Success of Surgery

Year 2020, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 206 - 213, 29.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.768979

Abstract

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who underwent surgical treatment for pseudophakic retinal detachment (PRD) and evaluate the effects of these characteristics on the success of the surgery.



Materials and Methods:
The study included 60 eyes of 60 patients who were diagnosed with PRD at the Retina Section of the 1st Eye Clinic of the Beyoğlu Eye Training and Research Hospital between February 2006 and January 2009. Demographic and pre-, peri- and postoperative clinical data of the patients were recorded.



Results
: The mean patient age was 58.45±14.91 years. Of the patients, 46 (76.7%) were male and 14 (23.3%) were female. Fifty-two (86.6%) patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery, 1 (1.6%) planned extracapsular cataract extraction, 1 (1.6%) intracapsular cataract extraction, 3 (5%) refractive clear lens extraction, and 3 (5%) lens extraction with irrigation/aspiration for diagnosed pediatric cataract. Twenty-two (36.6%) patients underwent posterior chamber lens implantation in the capsule, 32 (53.3%) posterior chamber lens implantation in the sulcus, 4 (6.6%) anterior chamber lens implantation, and 2 (3.3%) scleral-fixated lens implantation. In 44 (73%) patients, the posterior capsule integrity was impaired. A tear was detected in 27 (45%) patients during the preoperative retinal examination and in 18 (30%) patients during the surgery. No tear was detected in 15 (25%) of the patients. To treat the patients, four different surgical procedures were performed depending on factors including the proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) stage, condition of the lens and posterior capsule, and location of the retinal tear: 360-degree scleral encircling band + local explant (Group I), 360-degree scleral encircling band + pars plana vitrectomy + tamponade (Group 2), 360-degree scleral encircling band + pars plana vitrectomy + intraocular lens removal + tamponade (Group III), and 23G pars plana vitrectomy + tamponade (Group IV). The mean follow-up was 18.3±5.2 (6–32) months. At the last follow-up visits, anatomical success was achieved in 58 (96.6%) of the 60 patients while 17 (32%) showed functional success. The functional success rate was higher in patients in the early stages (up to C1) of PVR (p<0.001).


Discussion and Conclusion
: According to our findings, PVR stage is directly related to anatomical and functional success in PRD. Surgical treatment is more successful in PRD patients with early-stage PVR.

References

  • 1. Cooan P, Wayne EF, Webster RG, Allen A, Abbott RL. The incidence following extracapsular cataract extraction. A ten tear study. Ophthalmology. 1985:92:1098–101.
  • 2. Smith PW, Stark WJ, Maumenee E, Enger CL, Michels RG, Glaser BM, ve ark. Retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens. Ophthalmology. 1987:94:495–503.
  • 3. Kraff MC, Sanders DR. Incidence of retinal detachment following posterior chamber intraocular lens surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1990;16:477–80.
  • 4. Rowe JA, Erie JC, Baratz KH, Hodge DO, Gray DT, Butterfield L, ve ark. Retinal detachment in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976 through 1995. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:154–9.
  • 5. Haimann MH, Burton TC, Brown CK. Epidemiology of retinal detachment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100:289–92.
  • 6. Percival SP, Anand V, Das SK. Prevalence of pseudophakic detachment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1983:67:43–5.
  • 7. McHugh D, Wong D, Chignell A, Leaver P, Cooling R. Pseudophakic retinal detachment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophtalmol. 1991:229:521–5.
  • 8. The Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Risk factors for idiopathic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Am J Epidemiol. 1993:137:749–57.
  • 9. Burton TC. The influence of refractive error and lattice degeneration on the incidence of retinal detachment. Trans Am Ophtalmol Soc. 1989:87:143–55.
  • 10. Lois N, Wong D. Pseudophakic retinal detachment. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48:467–87.
  • 11. Hasanreisoğlu B. Proliferatif vitreoretinopati. In: Özçetin H (ed.), Türk Oftalmoloji Yayınları no. 3: Vitreoretinal Cerrahi. İstanbul: Scala Yayıncılık; 2005:123–38.
  • 12. Cousins S, Boniuk I, Okun E, Johnston GP, Arribas NP, Escoffery RF, ve ark. Pseudophakic retinal detachments in the presence of various IOL types. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:1198–208.
  • 13. Francois J, Verbraeken H. Complication in 1,000 consecutive intracapsular cataract extraction. Ophthalmologica. 1980;180:121–8.
  • 14. Girard P, Gaudric A, Lequoy O, Chauvaud D, Chaine G. Pseudophakic retinal detachment. Ophthalmologica. 1991;203:30–7.
  • 15. Hunemohr D, Pham DT, Wollensak J. Retinal detachment with posterior chamber lens. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1992;200(2):91–4.
  • 16. Javitt JC, Street DA, Tielsch JM, Wang Q, Kolb MM, Schien O, ve ark. National outcomes of cataract extraction. Retinal detachment and endophthalmitis after outpatient cataract surgery. Cataract Patient Outcomes Research Team. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:100–6.
  • 17. Kazahaya M. Prophylaxis of retinal detachment. Semin Ophthalmol. 1995;10:79–86.
  • 18. Davison JA. Retinal tears and detachments after extracapsular cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1988;14:624–32.
  • 19. Naeser K, Nielsen NE. Retinal detachment following intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extraction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1995;21:127–31.
  • 20. Armstrong TA, Lichtenstein SB. Intraocular lenses in myopes. Ophthalmic Surg. 1984;15:653–7.
  • 21. Clayman HM, Jaffe NS, Light DS, Jaffe MS, Cassady JC, Jaffe MS. Intraocular lenses, axial length, and retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;92:778–80.
  • 22. Fung WE, Coonan P, Ho BT. Incidence of retinal detachments following extracapsular cataract extractions. A prospective study. Retina. 1981;1:232–7.
  • 23. Gassmann FA. Aphakic versus pseudophakic retinal detachments. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1988;192:444–7.
  • 24. Hakenova J, Rozsival P. Vitreoretinal complications in cataract surgery, I. Retinal detachment. Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 1997;53:363–7.
  • 25. Hurite FG, Sorr EM, Everett WG. The incidence of retinal detachment following phacoemulsification. Ophthalmology. 1979;86:2004–6.
  • 26. Troutman RC, Clahane AC, Emery JM. Cataract survey of the cataract–phacoemulsification committee. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1975;79:178–85.
  • 27. Altamirano D, Guex-Crosier Y, Bovey E. Complications of posterior capsulotomy with the Nd:YAG laser. Study of 226 cases. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1994;204:286–7.
  • 28. Ambler JS, Constable IJ. Retinal detachment following Nd:YAG capsulotomy. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1988;16:337–41.
  • 29. Krauss JM, Puliafito CA, Miglior S, Steinert RF, Cheng HM. Vitreous changes after Nd:YAG laser photodistruption. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104:592–7.
  • 30. Bovey EH, Gonvers M, Sahli O. Surgical treatment of retinal detachment in pseudophakia: comparison between vitrectomy and scleral buckling. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1998;212:314–7.
  • 31. Lincoff H, Kreissig I. Finding the retinal hole in the pseudophakic eye with detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:442–6.
  • 32. Tornambe PE, Hilton GF, Brinton DA, Flood TP, Green S, Grizzard WS, ve ark. Pneumatic retinopexy. A two-year follow-up study of the multicenter clinical trial comparing pneumatic retinopexy with scleral buckling. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:1115–23.
  • 33. Campo RV, Sipperley JO, Sneed SR, Park DW, Dugel PU, Jacobsen J, ve ark. Pars plana vitrectomy without scleral buckle for pseudophakic retinal detachments. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1811–6.
  • 34. Bartz-Schmidt KU, Kirchhof B, Heimann K. Primary vitrectomy for pseudophakic retinal detachment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80:346–9.
  • 35. Devenyi RG, de Carvalho Nakamura H. Combined scleral buckle and pars plana vitrectomy as a primary procedure for pseudophakic retinal detachments. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 1999;30:615–8.
  • 36. Garty DS, Chignell AH, Franks WA, Wong D. Pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment uncomplicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1993;77:199–203.
  • 37. Miniham M, Tanner V, Williamson TH. Primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: 20 years of change. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:546–8.
  • 38. Walter P, Hellmich M, Baumgarten S, Schiller P, Limburg E, Agostini H, ve ark. Vitrectomy with and without encircling band for pseudophakic retinal detachment: Viper Study Report no 2—main results. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101:712–8.
  • 39. Setlur VJ, Rayess N, Garg SJ, Hsu J, Luo CK, Regillo CD, ve ark. Combined 23-gauge PPV and scleral buckle versus 23-gauge PPV alone for primary repair of pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:702–7.
  • 40. Yoon YH, Sheu SJ, Terasaki H. Primary vitrectomy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: surgical outcomes. In: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR (ed.), Ryan’s Retina. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2018:1937–9.
  • 41. Kassem R, Greenwald Y, Achiron A, Hecht I, Man V, Haim LB, ve ark. Peak occurrence of retinal detachment following cataract surgery: a systematic review and pooled analysis with internal validation. J Ophthalmol. 2018;2018:9206418.
  • 42. Yoshida A, Ogasawa H, Jalkh AE, Sanders RJ, McMeel JW, Schepens CL. Retinal detachment after cataract surgery. Surgical results. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:460–5.
  • 43. Wong CW, Wong WL, Yeo IY, Loh BK, Wong EYM, Wong DWK, ve ark. Trends and factors related to outcomes for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery in a large Asian tertiary eye center. Retina 2014;34:684–92.
  • 44. Jackson TL, Donachie PH, Sallam A, Sparrow JM, Johnston RL. United Kingdom National Ophthalmology Database study of vitreoretinal surgery: report 3, retinal detachment. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:643–8.
  • 45. Lean JS, Boone DC, Azen SP, Lai MY, Linton KLP, McCuen BW, ve ark. Vitrectomy with silicone oil or sulfur hexafluoride gas in eyes with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy: results of a randomized clinical trial. Silicone Study Report 1. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110(6):770–9.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Authors

Havva Kaldırım 0000-0002-9535-1246

Mehmet Çakır This is me 0000-0002-6304-7426

Ömer Yılmaz This is me

Publication Date October 29, 2020
Acceptance Date August 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Kaldırım H, Çakır M, Yılmaz Ö. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment and Their Effects on the Success of Surgery. Anatolian Clin. 2020;25(3):206-13.

13151 This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.