İndirekt immünofloresan testi ile değerlendirilen otoantikor pozitifliklerine Şiddetli Akut Solunum Yolu Sendromu Koronavirüsü 2 pandemisinin etkisinin araştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 71 - 77, 29.01.2025

Zeynep Dilara Karamurat , Emel Çalışkan , Emel Akbaş , Şükrü Öksüz , İdris Şahin

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1490524

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enfeksiyonu ile sistemik veya organa özgü otoimmün hastalıklar arasındaki olası ilişkiyi belirlemektir.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza Mart 2018 ile Mart 2022 tarihleri arasında çeşitli kliniklerden, otoimmün hastalık ön tanısı olan hastalardan Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’na gönderilen serum örnekleri dâhil edildi. Bu dönemde laboratuvarımızda çalışılan indirekt immünofloresan antikor test sonuçları hastanemiz otomasyon sisteminden elde edilerek retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVİD 19) pandemisinden önceki iki yılda ve pandemi dönemindeki iki yılda indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIAF) değerlendirmesi yapılan 8325 hastanın 2256’sında anti-nükleer antikor (ANA) pozitifliği saptandı [2038 hastada tekli patern (1363’ü benekli), 218 hastada çoklu patern]. Otoantikor pozitifliğinin zaman içindeki değişimi incelendiğinde, pandeminin ilk iki yıllık döneminde önceki iki yıla göre ANA, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA), antigliadin,anti-islet cell antibody (anti -ICA) ve anti-Gliadin otoantikorlarının pozitiflik oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış olduğu tespit edildi. anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA),, anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), anti-Endomysium, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), otoantikorlarının ise pozitiflik oranlarında COVID-19 pandemi döneminde ve öncesinde farklılık gözlenmedi.

Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-ICA, anti-Gliadin otoantikorlarının pozitiflik oranlarının artması, COVID-19 sürecinin bazı otoimmün hastalıkları etkileyebileceğini düşündürdü.

Keywords

İndirek immunfloresan ölçüm, otoantikorlar, otoimmün hastalıklar, SARS-CoV-2

Investigation of the effect of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 pandemic on autoantibody

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the possible relationship between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and systemic or organ-specific autoimmune diseases.

Methods: Serum samples sent to a Medical Microbiology Laboratory from patients in various clinics with preliminary diagnoses of autoimmune disease between March 2018 and March 2022 were included in our study. During this period, the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test results studied in our laboratory were obtained from the automation system of our hospital and evaluated retrospectively.

Results: In the two years before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVİD 19) pandemic and the two years during the pandemic anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) positivity was detected in 2256 of 8325 patients who underwent indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIAF) evaluation [single pattern in 2038 patients (1363 speckled), multiple pattern in 218 patients]. When the change in autoantibody positivity over time was examined, it was determined that there was a statistically significant increase in the positivity rates of ANA, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA), antigliadin,anti-islet cell antibody (anti -ICA) and anti-Gliadin autoantibodies in the first two years of the pandemic compared to the previous two years. No difference was observed in the positivity rates of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA), anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), anti-endomysium, Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) autoantibodies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion: The increase in the positivity rates of ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-ICA, anti-Gliadin autoantibodies during the pandemic period suggested that the COVID-19 process may affect some autoimmune diseases.

Keywords

Autoantibodies, autoimmune diseases, indirect immunofluorescence assay, SARS-CoV-2

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