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Türkiye’deki birinci basamak sağlık merkezlerinde obez bireylere verilen beslenme ve diyet danışmanlığı hizmetlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Karabük ili örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 344 - 352, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1514126

Abstract

Amaç: Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri, obezitenin yönetimi ve önlenmesi amacıyla sağlığın teşviki, tıbbi beslenme tedavisi, sağlık eğitimi ve tıbbi/disiplinler arası bakım gibi hizmetleri kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, birinci basamak sağlık hizmet birimlerinde sunulan beslenme ve diyet danışmanlığı müdahalelerinin etkinliğini araştırmaktır.

Yöntem: Çalışma, Karabük ve ilçelerindeki Sağlıklı Hayat Merkezi Diyabet ve Obezite Danışma Birimi’ne başvuran 446 bireyin (24 erkek, 422 kadın) 16 haftalık verilerinin değerlendirilmesiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri, aile öyküleri, beslenme/vitamin takviyesi kullanımı, hastalık ve ilaç bilgileri ile antropometrik ölçümleri veri tabanına kaydedilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %94,6’sı kadın, %5,4’ü erkek, yaş ortalaması 45,7±11,6 yıldır. Başlangıçta katılımcıların %31,4’ü fazla kilolu, %58,7’si obez, %9,9’u morbid obez olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. 16. haftanın sonunda bu oranlar sırasıyla %3,8 normal kilolu, %34,3 fazla kilolu, %53,6 obez ve %8,3 morbid obez olarak değişmiştir (p<0,05). Beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) ile ilişkili durumları etkileyen faktörler incelendiğinde, hipertansiyon varlığı ve ilaç kullanımı ile anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Hipertansiyonu olan bireylerin %66,2’si, ilaç kullananların ise %59,0’ı obezdir (p<0,05). Ayrıca başlangıç ağırlığı ile kilo kaybı arasında yapılan t-testi sonucunda anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (p<0,01). Başlangıçta daha yüksek ağırlığa sahip katılımcıların, süreci daha fazla kilo kaybederek tamamladıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Diğer korelasyon analizleri de katılımcıların 16. haftadaki ağırlıkları ile kilo kaybı miktarları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki göstermiştir (p<0,01).

Sonuç: Çalışmada, bireylerin tıbbi beslenme tedavisine uyum sağladığı ve bu süreçte antropometrik ölçümlerde anlamlı değişimlerin meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Birinci basamakta obezite yönetimine dair ağırlık yönetimi hizmetlerinin etkinliğini araştıran daha geniş örneklemlerle yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

References

  • World Health Organization. WHO European Regional Obesity Report. 2022
  • Ofosu NN, Luig T, Mumtaz N, et al. Health care providers’ perspectives on challenges and opportunities of intercultural health care in diabetes and obesity management: a qualitative study. CMAJ Open. 2023;11(4):E765-73.
  • Perdomo CM, Cohen RV, Sumithran P, Clément K, Frühbeck G. Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults. Lancet. 2023;401(10382):1116-30.
  • Aune D, Sen A, Prasad M, et al. BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants. BMJ. 2016;353:i2156.
  • Fırtın B, Yenipazar H, Saygün A, Şahin-Yeşilçubuk N. Encapsulation of chia seed oil with curcumin and investigation of release behaivour & antioxidant properties of microcapsules during in vitro digestion studies. LWT. 2020;1(134):109947.
  • Şahin BB, Eser E. Bir kirsal bölgede yaşayan kadinlarda obezite ile mücadelede lider kadin müdahalesinin etkililiği. 3. International 21. National Public Health Congress. 2019
  • Grubu HÇ. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (2019), Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu.
  • Visco V, Izzo C, Bonadies D, et al. Interventions to Address Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients: Many Hands Make Light Work. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023;10(8):327.
  • Lee J, Kim S, Lim J, Shin J. Effects of Dietary Therapy with Korean Herbal Medicine and Cultivated Wild Ginseng Pharmacopuncture on Change of Body Composition: A Retrospective Study. J Korean Med Obes Res 2022;22:86-92.
  • Holtrop JS, Connelly L, Gomes R, et al. Models for Delivering Weight Management in Primary Care: Qualitative Results from the MOST Obesity Study. J Am Board Fam Med. 2023;36(4):603-15.
  • Lee DY, Lee MY, Sung KC. Prediction of Mortality with A Body Shape Index in Young Asians: Comparison with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26(6):1096-03.
  • Lopes MS, Freitas PP, Carvalho MCR, Ferreira NL, Menezes MC, Lopes ACS. Is the management of obesity in primary health care appropriate in Brazil?. Cad Saude Publica. 2021;37(suppl 1):e00051620.
  • Bakanliği, TC Sağlık (2013). Türkiye sağlıklı beslenme ve hareketli hayat programı. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın, 773.
  • Den Hamer-Jordaan G, Groenendijk-Van Woudenbergh GJ, Haveman-Nies A, et al. Factors associated with dietary behaviour change support in patients: A qualitative study among community nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2024;80(2):500-9.
  • Değer B, Demiray G, Yorulmaz F (2017), Halk sağlığı bakışıyla obezite yönetimi diyetisyenler için hasta izlem rehberi ağırlık yönetimi el kitabı.
  • Javed AA, Aljied R, Allison DJ, Anderson LN, Ma J, Raina P. Body mass index and all-cause mortality in older adults: A scoping review of observational studies. Obes Rev. 2020;21(8):e13035.
  • Jiesisibieke D, Feng Y, Jiesisibieke ZL, Liu J, Tao L. Trends of underweight, overweight, and obesity among older adults in China from 2008 to 2018: a national observational survey. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1373.
  • Suissa K, Wyss R, Lu Z, et al. Development and Validation of a Claims-Based Model to Predict Categories of Obesity. Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(1):203-13.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), Haber bülteni, gelir ve yaşam koşulları araştırması, 2020, Sayı 37404; Erişim tarihi: 20.01.2022.
  • Satman I, Yilmaz T, Sengül A, et al. Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care. 2002;25(9):1551-6.
  • Nadolsky K, Addison B, Agarwal M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Consensus Statement: Addressing Stigma and Bias in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Obesity/Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease and Assessing Bias and Stigmatization as Determinants of Disease Severity. Endocr Pract. 2023;29(6):417-27.
  • English S, Vallis M. Moving beyond eat less, move more using willpower: Reframing obesity as a chronic disease impact of the 2020 Canadian obesity guidelines reframed narrative on perceptions of self and the patient-provider relationship. Clin Obes. 2023;13(6):e12615.
  • Katirci Kirmaci Zİ, Kurtgil S, Otay Lüle N, Kirmaci YŞ. Determination of adherence to mediterranean diet, physical activity level and relationship between chronic disease in adults: cross-sectional study. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(1):1-10.
  • Ansari S, Haboubi H, Haboubi N. Adult obesity complications: challenges and clinical impact. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020;11:2042018820934955.
  • Sørensen TIA, Martinez AR, Jørgensen TSH. Epidemiology of Obesity. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2022;274:3-27.
  • Engel E, Yarar D. Üreme çağındaki kadınların fiziksel aktivite düzeyi, obezite sıklığı ve egzersiz engel/yarar algısı arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Tıp Fak. Derg. 2023;2(2):57–62.
  • Wahabi H, Fayed AA, Shata Z, et al. The Impact of Age, Gender, Temporality, and Geographical Region on the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Saudi Arabia: Scope of Evidence. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(8):1143.
  • GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2023;402(10397):203-34.
  • European Union. Health at a Glance: Europe 2022 State of Health in the EU Cycle: State of Health in the EU Cycle. OECD Publishing. 2022
  • Karaoğlan D, Tansel A. Determinants of body mass index in Turkey: A quantile regression analysis from a middle income country. Boğaziçi Journal Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies. 2018;32(2):1–17.
  • Caglayan-Akay E, Ertok-Onurlu M, Komuryakan F. What factors drive gender differences in the body mass index? Evidence from Turkish adults. J Biosoc Sci. 2023;55(3):538-63.
  • Cooper AJ, Gupta SR, Moustafa AF, Chao AM. Sex/Gender Differences in Obesity Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Treatment. Curr Obes Rep. 2021;10(4):458-66.
  • Liu Y, Zhang H, Xu R. The impact of technology on promoting physical activities and mental health: a gender-based study. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):298.
  • Kocamiş RN, Türker PF. Yetişkin kadın bireylerde akdeniz diyeti uygulamasının diyet inflamatuvar indeksi ve antropometrik ölçümler üzerine etkisi. BÜSBID. 2023,8(2):142-53.
  • Kurt G. Tıbbi beslenme tedavisi alan yetişkin obez kadınların beslenme durumu, yaşam kalitesi ve depresyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. 2022
  • Şantaş F, Şantaş G. Türkiye’nin, bölgelerin ve illerin sağlik değişkenleri açisindan mevcut durumu ve siralanmasi. Hititsosbil. 2018,11(3): 2419-32.

Evaluation of nutrition and diet counseling services provided to obese individuals in primary healthcare centers: The case of Karabük province

Year 2025, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 344 - 352, 25.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.1514126

Abstract

Aim: Primary health care units include services such as health promotion, medical nutrition therapy, health education, medical and interdisciplinary care for the management and prevention of obesity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of nutrition and diet counselling interventions in primary health care units.

Method: The study was conducted by evaluating the 16-week data of 446 individuals (24 males, 422 females) who applied to the dietitian at the Healthy Life Centre Diabetes and Obesity Counselling Unit in Karabük and the districts of Karabük. Demographic information, family history, nutritional/vitamin supplementation status, disease and medication information, and anthropometric measurements of the individuals were entered into the database.

Results: Of the individuals who participated in the study, 94.6% were female, 5.4% were male, and the mean age was 45.7±11.6 years. At baseline, 31.4% of the participants were classified as overweight, 58.7% as obese, 9.9% as morbidly obese, and at the end of the 16th week, 3.8% were classified as normal, 34.3% as overweight, 53.6% as obese, and 8.3% as morbidly obese (p<0.05). When the factors affecting BMI-related conditions were analysed, a significant relationship was found with the presence of hypertension and drug use. While 66.2% of individuals with hypertension were obese, 59.0% of those taking medication were obese (p<0.05). In addition, a significant relationship was found between baseline weight and the amount of weight loss as a result of t-test (p<0.01). Participants with higher starting weight completed the process with more weight loss. In other correlation analyses, a statistically significant correlation was found between the participants’ weight at the end of the 16th week and the amount of weight loss, initial weight and follow-up period (p<0.01).

Conclusions: In the study, it was observed that individuals complied with medical nutrition treatments and significant changes occurred in anthropometric measurements in this process. Future studies on obesity management in weight management services in primary care need to be conducted with larger samples.

References

  • World Health Organization. WHO European Regional Obesity Report. 2022
  • Ofosu NN, Luig T, Mumtaz N, et al. Health care providers’ perspectives on challenges and opportunities of intercultural health care in diabetes and obesity management: a qualitative study. CMAJ Open. 2023;11(4):E765-73.
  • Perdomo CM, Cohen RV, Sumithran P, Clément K, Frühbeck G. Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults. Lancet. 2023;401(10382):1116-30.
  • Aune D, Sen A, Prasad M, et al. BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants. BMJ. 2016;353:i2156.
  • Fırtın B, Yenipazar H, Saygün A, Şahin-Yeşilçubuk N. Encapsulation of chia seed oil with curcumin and investigation of release behaivour & antioxidant properties of microcapsules during in vitro digestion studies. LWT. 2020;1(134):109947.
  • Şahin BB, Eser E. Bir kirsal bölgede yaşayan kadinlarda obezite ile mücadelede lider kadin müdahalesinin etkililiği. 3. International 21. National Public Health Congress. 2019
  • Grubu HÇ. Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (2019), Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu.
  • Visco V, Izzo C, Bonadies D, et al. Interventions to Address Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients: Many Hands Make Light Work. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023;10(8):327.
  • Lee J, Kim S, Lim J, Shin J. Effects of Dietary Therapy with Korean Herbal Medicine and Cultivated Wild Ginseng Pharmacopuncture on Change of Body Composition: A Retrospective Study. J Korean Med Obes Res 2022;22:86-92.
  • Holtrop JS, Connelly L, Gomes R, et al. Models for Delivering Weight Management in Primary Care: Qualitative Results from the MOST Obesity Study. J Am Board Fam Med. 2023;36(4):603-15.
  • Lee DY, Lee MY, Sung KC. Prediction of Mortality with A Body Shape Index in Young Asians: Comparison with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26(6):1096-03.
  • Lopes MS, Freitas PP, Carvalho MCR, Ferreira NL, Menezes MC, Lopes ACS. Is the management of obesity in primary health care appropriate in Brazil?. Cad Saude Publica. 2021;37(suppl 1):e00051620.
  • Bakanliği, TC Sağlık (2013). Türkiye sağlıklı beslenme ve hareketli hayat programı. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın, 773.
  • Den Hamer-Jordaan G, Groenendijk-Van Woudenbergh GJ, Haveman-Nies A, et al. Factors associated with dietary behaviour change support in patients: A qualitative study among community nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2024;80(2):500-9.
  • Değer B, Demiray G, Yorulmaz F (2017), Halk sağlığı bakışıyla obezite yönetimi diyetisyenler için hasta izlem rehberi ağırlık yönetimi el kitabı.
  • Javed AA, Aljied R, Allison DJ, Anderson LN, Ma J, Raina P. Body mass index and all-cause mortality in older adults: A scoping review of observational studies. Obes Rev. 2020;21(8):e13035.
  • Jiesisibieke D, Feng Y, Jiesisibieke ZL, Liu J, Tao L. Trends of underweight, overweight, and obesity among older adults in China from 2008 to 2018: a national observational survey. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1373.
  • Suissa K, Wyss R, Lu Z, et al. Development and Validation of a Claims-Based Model to Predict Categories of Obesity. Am J Epidemiol. 2024;193(1):203-13.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), Haber bülteni, gelir ve yaşam koşulları araştırması, 2020, Sayı 37404; Erişim tarihi: 20.01.2022.
  • Satman I, Yilmaz T, Sengül A, et al. Population-based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: results of the turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care. 2002;25(9):1551-6.
  • Nadolsky K, Addison B, Agarwal M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Consensus Statement: Addressing Stigma and Bias in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Obesity/Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease and Assessing Bias and Stigmatization as Determinants of Disease Severity. Endocr Pract. 2023;29(6):417-27.
  • English S, Vallis M. Moving beyond eat less, move more using willpower: Reframing obesity as a chronic disease impact of the 2020 Canadian obesity guidelines reframed narrative on perceptions of self and the patient-provider relationship. Clin Obes. 2023;13(6):e12615.
  • Katirci Kirmaci Zİ, Kurtgil S, Otay Lüle N, Kirmaci YŞ. Determination of adherence to mediterranean diet, physical activity level and relationship between chronic disease in adults: cross-sectional study. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(1):1-10.
  • Ansari S, Haboubi H, Haboubi N. Adult obesity complications: challenges and clinical impact. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020;11:2042018820934955.
  • Sørensen TIA, Martinez AR, Jørgensen TSH. Epidemiology of Obesity. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2022;274:3-27.
  • Engel E, Yarar D. Üreme çağındaki kadınların fiziksel aktivite düzeyi, obezite sıklığı ve egzersiz engel/yarar algısı arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Tıp Fak. Derg. 2023;2(2):57–62.
  • Wahabi H, Fayed AA, Shata Z, et al. The Impact of Age, Gender, Temporality, and Geographical Region on the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Saudi Arabia: Scope of Evidence. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(8):1143.
  • GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2023;402(10397):203-34.
  • European Union. Health at a Glance: Europe 2022 State of Health in the EU Cycle: State of Health in the EU Cycle. OECD Publishing. 2022
  • Karaoğlan D, Tansel A. Determinants of body mass index in Turkey: A quantile regression analysis from a middle income country. Boğaziçi Journal Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies. 2018;32(2):1–17.
  • Caglayan-Akay E, Ertok-Onurlu M, Komuryakan F. What factors drive gender differences in the body mass index? Evidence from Turkish adults. J Biosoc Sci. 2023;55(3):538-63.
  • Cooper AJ, Gupta SR, Moustafa AF, Chao AM. Sex/Gender Differences in Obesity Prevalence, Comorbidities, and Treatment. Curr Obes Rep. 2021;10(4):458-66.
  • Liu Y, Zhang H, Xu R. The impact of technology on promoting physical activities and mental health: a gender-based study. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):298.
  • Kocamiş RN, Türker PF. Yetişkin kadın bireylerde akdeniz diyeti uygulamasının diyet inflamatuvar indeksi ve antropometrik ölçümler üzerine etkisi. BÜSBID. 2023,8(2):142-53.
  • Kurt G. Tıbbi beslenme tedavisi alan yetişkin obez kadınların beslenme durumu, yaşam kalitesi ve depresyon arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. 2022
  • Şantaş F, Şantaş G. Türkiye’nin, bölgelerin ve illerin sağlik değişkenleri açisindan mevcut durumu ve siralanmasi. Hititsosbil. 2018,11(3): 2419-32.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Authors

Hilal Doğan Güney 0000-0003-1770-711X

Pınar Göbel 0000-0001-7152-1581

Publication Date September 25, 2025
Submission Date July 10, 2024
Acceptance Date April 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 30 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Doğan Güney H, Göbel P. Türkiye’deki birinci basamak sağlık merkezlerinde obez bireylere verilen beslenme ve diyet danışmanlığı hizmetlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Karabük ili örneği. Anatolian Clin. 2025;30(3):344-52.

13151 This Journal licensed under a CC BY-NC (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0) International License.