Declining Regionalization in the Absence of U.S. Dominance

Abstract

Regionalization has been an important component within the international relations that typically is associated with the idea of globalization. Globalization has been an important idea for reasons of global peace and stability. However, globalization efforts could only take off right after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then, international organizations such as the United Nations, regional organizations such as the NATO have been struggling to keep the ideal of globalization intact. Other regional organizations in Asia and Africa have especially been wary of external interventions and together with the failures regarding genocides and civil wars in Ruanda, Srebrenitsa and the war in Ukraine and the occupation and destruction of Gaza have demonstrated that neither the UN, NATO or the International Criminal Courts have been successful in upholding international law, global peace and economic stability. These have been causes for degradation and distrust in one global world. Instead, these experiences have been furthering the belief that international regionalization has been failing, with direct consequences for modernization and democratization.

Keywords

• Regional Organizations
• Functionalism
• Neo-functionalism
• Intergovernmentalism

ABD Hakimiyeti Eksikliğinde Bölgeselciliğin Gerilemesi

Abstract

Bölgeselleşme, genellikle küreselleşme fikriyle ilişkilendirilen uluslararası ilişkilerde önemli bir bileşen olmuştur. Küreselleşme, küresel barış ve istikrar açısından önemli bir fikir olmuştur. Ancak, küreselleşme çabaları yalnızca Sovyetler Birliği'nin çöküşünden hemen sonra ivme kazanabilmiştir. O zamandan beri Birleşmiş Milletler gibi uluslararası örgütler, NATO gibi bölgesel örgütler, küreselleşme idealini korumak için mücadele etmektedir. Asya ve Afrika'daki diğer bölgesel örgütler özellikle dış müdahalelere karşı temkinli olmuş ve Ruanda'daki soykırım, Srebrenitsa'daki katliam, Ukrayna'daki savaş ve Gazze'nin işgali ve yıkımı, Lübnan’a saldırılar gibi olaylar Birleşmiş Milletler, NATO veya Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemeleri'nin uluslararası hukuku, küresel barışı ve ekonomik istikrarı korumada başarılı olamadığını göstermektedir. Bu durum, küresel bir dünyaya olan güvenin ve inancın zayıflamasına neden olmuştur. Bunun yerine, bu deneyimler uluslararası bölgeselleşmenin başarısız olduğu ve bunun modernleşme ve demokratikleşme üzerinde doğrudan etkileri olduğu inancını pekiştirmiştir.

Keywords

• Bölgesel kuruluşlar
• Fonksiyonalizm
• Neo-fonksyonalizm
• Hükümetlerarasıcılık

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