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AKHAİMENİD DÖNEMİNDE YOL AĞLARI

Year 2021, Issue: 16, 133 - 150, 29.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.891845

Abstract

Akhaimenid İmparatorluğu’nun (MÖ 550-330) kurulmasıyla, farklı halklara ve geleneklere sahip geniş alanlar İran egemenliğine girer. Dolayısıyla, bu çeşitli bölgelerin yönetimini sağlamak ve krallığın tüm bölgelerine erişimi kolaylaştırmak için çok sayıda donanımlı yol ağına ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu yüzden, Akhaimenidler, sınırları içerisinde siyasi durumun istikrara kavuşmasının ardından bu amaca ulaşmak için, eski yolların bakım ve onarımını yaparak ilave olarak yeni yollar da inşa ettiler. Yorgun yolcuların dinlenebilmesi için yollar boyunca yaptıkları istasyonlarda yiyecek, su, at ve diğer imkanları da sağlarlar. Ayrıca bu yollarda sivil halk dışında, güvenliği sağlamak için askeri personel de bulundurmuşlardır. “Kral yolları” olarak da bilinen ana yollar, krallığın tüm başkentlerini (Susa, Persepolis, Pasargad, Hegmataneh, Sardes, Babil) ve önemli merkezlerini birbirine bağlıyordu. Ana yollar dışında, çoğu bölgede diğer alanlar birçok sayıda tali yol vasıtası ile merkezlere bağlanıyordu. Bu çalışmada, Akhaimenid İmparatorluğu tarafından planlanan yollar hakkında yazılı belgeler ve arkeolojik veriler ışığında bilgi verilmeye çalışılacaktır.

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References

  • Atarashi, K. & Horicuchi, K. (1963). Fahlian I: the Excavation at Tape Suruvan, 1959, Tokyo University Iraq-Iran Archaeological Expedition Reports, Institute for Oriental Culture. Tokyo: University of Tokyo [cited in D.T. Potts and K. Roustaei(Edt), The Mamasani Archaeological Project Stage One: A report on the first two seasons of the ICAR - University of Sydney Expedition to the Mamasani District, Fars Province, Iran, Tehran: I.C.A.R.].
  • Arfaee, A. (1991). Rahe Shahi Shush- Perspolis. In: Qafeleh Salar-e Sokhan, Khanlari, Tehran, 29-45.
  • Asgarichaverdi, A.R. & Pottos, D. (2007). Pazhoheshhaye Bastan Shenasi dar Mohavatehaye Sarvan, Kourangan va Tell-e Espid, Mantage Mamessani, Fahlian, Fars, Zemestan 2007. (Barnameh Moshtarak Pazhoheshkade Bastan Shenasi va Daneshgah Sidni Ostoralia), Gozaresh Amalkard Pazhoheshkade Bastan Shenasi 2007, Hasan Fazeli Nashli (Edt), Tehran, Pazhoheshkade Bastan Shenasi, 181-182.
  • Azari, A. & Babaei Tavasoki, M. (2012). Tarikh Siyasathaye Rahsazi Shahan Hakhamaneshi. Faslname Elmi Pazhoheshi Tarikh, Shomare 24, 7-24.
  • Afkhami, B. (2015). Baresi Jaygah Rah Abrisham dar Dorehaye Tarikhi Iran Bastan. Majale Motaleat Irani, Daneshkade Adabiat va Olum Ensani, Daneshgah Shahid Bahonar Kerman, Sale 14, Shomareh 28, 17-36.
  • Briant, P. (1991). De Sardes à Suse. In: H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg and A. Kuhrt (Edt), Achaemenid History VI: Asia Minor and Egypt; Old Cultures in a new Empire Nederland Instituut Foor Het Nabije Oosten, Leiden, 67-82.
  • Dandamayev M.A. & Lukonin, V.G. (1989). Culture and Social Institutions of Ancient Iran, Cambridge University Press.
  • Duran, M. (2015). Satraplık Sisteminin Pers Yönetim Teşkilatındaki Yeri. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı: 34, 61-86.
  • Egtedari, A. (1996). Khuzestan va Kogilouyeh va Mamesani-Jografyaye Tarikhi va Asar Bastani. Jeld 3 dar Majmoe Asar Khozestan, Anjoman Asar va Mafakher Farhangi.
  • Graf, D.F. (1994). The Persian Royal Road System. In: H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, A. Kuhrt & M.C. Root (Eds.), Achaemenid History VIII: Continuity and Change, Nederland Instituut Foor Het Nabije Oosten, Leiden, 167-189.
  • Herzfeld, E. (1928). Drei Inschriften aus persischen Gebiet. Mitteilungen der Altorientalische Gesellschaft, cited in D.T. Potts and K. Roustaei(edt.), The Mamasani Archaeological Project Stage One: A report on the first two seasons of the ICAR - University of Sydney Expedition to the Mamasani District, Fars Province, Iran, Tehran: I.C.A.R.], 81-86.
  • Herodotus, (1957). The Persian Wars. translated by A. D. Godley, The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge (Mass.) & London.
  • Imanpour, M.T. (2010). The Communication Roads in Parsa during the Achaemenid Period. Maria Macuch, Dieter Weber and Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst (Edt), Ancient and Middle Iranian Studies, Proceedings of the 6 th European Conference of Iranian Studies, Held in Vienna, 18-22 September 2007, 87-99.
  • Koch, H. (2001). Az Zabane Darius. (Çev. Parviz Rajabi), Entesharat Karang, Tehran.
  • Khazaei, S. (2017). Rahhaye Ertebet Khoshki dar Dore Hakhamaneshi, Majale Pazhoheshhaye Tarikhi, Sale 52, Dore Jadid, Sale 8, Shomare 4 (Peyapey 32), 37-58.
  • Labaf Khaniki, M. & Firouzmandi, B. (2009). Rah-e Shahi dar Shabakeh Rahhaye Shahanshahi Hakhamaneshi. Majale Pazhoheshhaye Bastan Shenasi Modares, Sale aval, Shomare 1, 65-81.
  • Khatchadourian, L. (2016). Imperial Matter Ancient Persia and the Archaeology of Empires.University of California Press.
  • Magie, D. (1950). Roman Rule in Asia Minor to the end of the Third Century After Christ, Vol.2, Princeton University Press.
  • Mostafavi, M.T. (1959). Ahamiyat Tarikhi Jareh dar Sarzamin Fars. Majale Bastan Shenasi, Shomare 3 va 4, 13-26.
  • Mir Fatah,S.AA. (1977). Manzelgahhaye Rah-e Shahi (Manzelgah Gachkaran). Majale Barresihaye Tarikhi, Shomare2, Sale Davazdahom, 167-190.
  • MacDermot, B.C. & Schippmann, K. (1999). Alexander’s March from Susa to Persepolis. Iranica Antiqua 340, 283-308.
  • Qurtius Rufus. Q. (1976). History of Alexander the Great of Macedon. translated by: J. C. Rolfe, The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge (Mass.) & London.
  • Sami, A. (1964). Tamadon Hakhamaneshi, Jeld 2, Shiraz, Chapkhane Mousavi.
  • Stronach, D. (1978) Pasargadae: A Report on the Excavations Conducted by the British Institute of Persian Studies from 1961 to 1963, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 283-284.
  • Sarıkaya. S. & Arslan, M. (2017). Anadolu'da Persler, Savaş, İsyan ve Diplomasi: Persler Anadolu'da Kudret ve Görkem, Kaan İren, Çiçek Karagöz ve Özgün Kasar (Edt), Yapı Kredi Kültür ve Sanat Yayıncılık, 78-101.
  • Mokhtari Talegani, E. & Amini Saed, F. (2016). Bazshenasi Rahhaye Bastani-Tarikhi dar Mahdude Rey ta Saveh va Chegounegi Sheklgiri an Rahha. Dovomin Konferans Beynalmelali Pazhohesh dar Oloum va Teknoloji, İstanbul.
  • Tekin,O. (2017). Pers Döneminde Anadolu'da Para ve Ticaret, Persler Anadolu'da Kudret ve Görkem, Hazırlayanlar Kaan İren, Çiçek Karagöz, Özğün Kasar, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 102-135.
  • Vandenberghe, L. (1969). Bastan Shenasi Iran Bastan. (Çev. Isa Behnam), Tehran, Daneshgah Tehran.
  • Wiesehöfer, J. (1998). Iran Bastan az 550 BC ta 650 BC, (Çev.Morteza Sagebfar), Tehran, Entesharat Gognous.
  • Yagmaei, E. (2016)Gozaresh-e Asib Shenasi Barkhi az Mohavatehaye Motalea Shode dar Barname " Shenasayi Rah-e Shahi Hakhamaneshi Shush-Takhte Jamshid" Fasl-e Dovom, Zemestan, Pazhoheshgah Miras Farhangi va Gardeshgari, Yayımlanmamış.
  • Zeidi, M., McCall, B. & Khosrowzadeh, A. (2006). Survey of Dasht-e Rostam-e Yek and Dasht-e Rostam-e Do. In D. T. Potts and K. Roustaei(eds.), The Mamasani Archaeological Project Stage One: A report on the first two seasons of the ICAR - University of Sydney Expedition to the Mamasani District, Fars Province, Iran, Tehran: I.C.A.R., pp. 147- 168.
Year 2021, Issue: 16, 133 - 150, 29.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.891845

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • Atarashi, K. & Horicuchi, K. (1963). Fahlian I: the Excavation at Tape Suruvan, 1959, Tokyo University Iraq-Iran Archaeological Expedition Reports, Institute for Oriental Culture. Tokyo: University of Tokyo [cited in D.T. Potts and K. Roustaei(Edt), The Mamasani Archaeological Project Stage One: A report on the first two seasons of the ICAR - University of Sydney Expedition to the Mamasani District, Fars Province, Iran, Tehran: I.C.A.R.].
  • Arfaee, A. (1991). Rahe Shahi Shush- Perspolis. In: Qafeleh Salar-e Sokhan, Khanlari, Tehran, 29-45.
  • Asgarichaverdi, A.R. & Pottos, D. (2007). Pazhoheshhaye Bastan Shenasi dar Mohavatehaye Sarvan, Kourangan va Tell-e Espid, Mantage Mamessani, Fahlian, Fars, Zemestan 2007. (Barnameh Moshtarak Pazhoheshkade Bastan Shenasi va Daneshgah Sidni Ostoralia), Gozaresh Amalkard Pazhoheshkade Bastan Shenasi 2007, Hasan Fazeli Nashli (Edt), Tehran, Pazhoheshkade Bastan Shenasi, 181-182.
  • Azari, A. & Babaei Tavasoki, M. (2012). Tarikh Siyasathaye Rahsazi Shahan Hakhamaneshi. Faslname Elmi Pazhoheshi Tarikh, Shomare 24, 7-24.
  • Afkhami, B. (2015). Baresi Jaygah Rah Abrisham dar Dorehaye Tarikhi Iran Bastan. Majale Motaleat Irani, Daneshkade Adabiat va Olum Ensani, Daneshgah Shahid Bahonar Kerman, Sale 14, Shomareh 28, 17-36.
  • Briant, P. (1991). De Sardes à Suse. In: H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg and A. Kuhrt (Edt), Achaemenid History VI: Asia Minor and Egypt; Old Cultures in a new Empire Nederland Instituut Foor Het Nabije Oosten, Leiden, 67-82.
  • Dandamayev M.A. & Lukonin, V.G. (1989). Culture and Social Institutions of Ancient Iran, Cambridge University Press.
  • Duran, M. (2015). Satraplık Sisteminin Pers Yönetim Teşkilatındaki Yeri. SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı: 34, 61-86.
  • Egtedari, A. (1996). Khuzestan va Kogilouyeh va Mamesani-Jografyaye Tarikhi va Asar Bastani. Jeld 3 dar Majmoe Asar Khozestan, Anjoman Asar va Mafakher Farhangi.
  • Graf, D.F. (1994). The Persian Royal Road System. In: H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, A. Kuhrt & M.C. Root (Eds.), Achaemenid History VIII: Continuity and Change, Nederland Instituut Foor Het Nabije Oosten, Leiden, 167-189.
  • Herzfeld, E. (1928). Drei Inschriften aus persischen Gebiet. Mitteilungen der Altorientalische Gesellschaft, cited in D.T. Potts and K. Roustaei(edt.), The Mamasani Archaeological Project Stage One: A report on the first two seasons of the ICAR - University of Sydney Expedition to the Mamasani District, Fars Province, Iran, Tehran: I.C.A.R.], 81-86.
  • Herodotus, (1957). The Persian Wars. translated by A. D. Godley, The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge (Mass.) & London.
  • Imanpour, M.T. (2010). The Communication Roads in Parsa during the Achaemenid Period. Maria Macuch, Dieter Weber and Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst (Edt), Ancient and Middle Iranian Studies, Proceedings of the 6 th European Conference of Iranian Studies, Held in Vienna, 18-22 September 2007, 87-99.
  • Koch, H. (2001). Az Zabane Darius. (Çev. Parviz Rajabi), Entesharat Karang, Tehran.
  • Khazaei, S. (2017). Rahhaye Ertebet Khoshki dar Dore Hakhamaneshi, Majale Pazhoheshhaye Tarikhi, Sale 52, Dore Jadid, Sale 8, Shomare 4 (Peyapey 32), 37-58.
  • Labaf Khaniki, M. & Firouzmandi, B. (2009). Rah-e Shahi dar Shabakeh Rahhaye Shahanshahi Hakhamaneshi. Majale Pazhoheshhaye Bastan Shenasi Modares, Sale aval, Shomare 1, 65-81.
  • Khatchadourian, L. (2016). Imperial Matter Ancient Persia and the Archaeology of Empires.University of California Press.
  • Magie, D. (1950). Roman Rule in Asia Minor to the end of the Third Century After Christ, Vol.2, Princeton University Press.
  • Mostafavi, M.T. (1959). Ahamiyat Tarikhi Jareh dar Sarzamin Fars. Majale Bastan Shenasi, Shomare 3 va 4, 13-26.
  • Mir Fatah,S.AA. (1977). Manzelgahhaye Rah-e Shahi (Manzelgah Gachkaran). Majale Barresihaye Tarikhi, Shomare2, Sale Davazdahom, 167-190.
  • MacDermot, B.C. & Schippmann, K. (1999). Alexander’s March from Susa to Persepolis. Iranica Antiqua 340, 283-308.
  • Qurtius Rufus. Q. (1976). History of Alexander the Great of Macedon. translated by: J. C. Rolfe, The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge (Mass.) & London.
  • Sami, A. (1964). Tamadon Hakhamaneshi, Jeld 2, Shiraz, Chapkhane Mousavi.
  • Stronach, D. (1978) Pasargadae: A Report on the Excavations Conducted by the British Institute of Persian Studies from 1961 to 1963, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 283-284.
  • Sarıkaya. S. & Arslan, M. (2017). Anadolu'da Persler, Savaş, İsyan ve Diplomasi: Persler Anadolu'da Kudret ve Görkem, Kaan İren, Çiçek Karagöz ve Özgün Kasar (Edt), Yapı Kredi Kültür ve Sanat Yayıncılık, 78-101.
  • Mokhtari Talegani, E. & Amini Saed, F. (2016). Bazshenasi Rahhaye Bastani-Tarikhi dar Mahdude Rey ta Saveh va Chegounegi Sheklgiri an Rahha. Dovomin Konferans Beynalmelali Pazhohesh dar Oloum va Teknoloji, İstanbul.
  • Tekin,O. (2017). Pers Döneminde Anadolu'da Para ve Ticaret, Persler Anadolu'da Kudret ve Görkem, Hazırlayanlar Kaan İren, Çiçek Karagöz, Özğün Kasar, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 102-135.
  • Vandenberghe, L. (1969). Bastan Shenasi Iran Bastan. (Çev. Isa Behnam), Tehran, Daneshgah Tehran.
  • Wiesehöfer, J. (1998). Iran Bastan az 550 BC ta 650 BC, (Çev.Morteza Sagebfar), Tehran, Entesharat Gognous.
  • Yagmaei, E. (2016)Gozaresh-e Asib Shenasi Barkhi az Mohavatehaye Motalea Shode dar Barname " Shenasayi Rah-e Shahi Hakhamaneshi Shush-Takhte Jamshid" Fasl-e Dovom, Zemestan, Pazhoheshgah Miras Farhangi va Gardeshgari, Yayımlanmamış.
  • Zeidi, M., McCall, B. & Khosrowzadeh, A. (2006). Survey of Dasht-e Rostam-e Yek and Dasht-e Rostam-e Do. In D. T. Potts and K. Roustaei(eds.), The Mamasani Archaeological Project Stage One: A report on the first two seasons of the ICAR - University of Sydney Expedition to the Mamasani District, Fars Province, Iran, Tehran: I.C.A.R., pp. 147- 168.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section MAKALELER
Authors

Leila Afsharı 0000-0002-7673-6132

Rabia Akarsu 0000-0002-0352-5078

Project Number -
Publication Date May 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 16

Cite

APA Afsharı, L., & Akarsu, R. (2021). AKHAİMENİD DÖNEMİNDE YOL AĞLARI. Anasay(16), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.891845