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İş Yerinde Sosyal Cesaret Davranışı Üzerinde Etik Liderliğin Etkisi

Year 2023, Issue: 26 - ., 267 - 277, 30.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.1348414

Abstract

Artan rekabet ortamında, işletmelerin sahip olduğu en önemli rekabet avantajı çalışanlarıdır. İşletmelerin varlıklarını sürdürmesi, verimlerini ve performanslarını arttırması, çalışanların katkısına bağlıdır. İşletmelerde bulunan etik liderler, adil, eşit, dürüst ve tarafsız gibi erdemler sergilediklerinde, bunu gören çalışanlar da liderlerini örnek alarak etik davranışlarda bulunmakta, bununla birlikte etik, eşit veya adil olmayan durumlar ya da uygulamalar karşısında iş yerinde sosyal cesaret davranışı göstererek bu durumlara tepki gösterme cesaretinde bulunmaktadırlar. Bu araştırmada, çalışanların görev yaptıkları kurumda bağlı bulundukları lider konumundaki kişilerin etik davranışlar sergilemelerinin, çalışanların iş yerinde sosyal cesaret davranışı göstermeleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında TR21 Trakya Alt Bölgesi’nde faaliyet gösteren elektronik firması çalışanlarına anket uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler SPSS istatistik programı ve LISREL yapısal eşitlik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modeli sonuçlarına göre etik liderlik bağımsız değişkeni ile iş yerinde sosyal cesaret davranışı bağımlı değişkeni arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Buna göre etik liderlik değişkenindeki bir puanlık artışın, iş yerinde sosyal cesaret davranışı değişkeninde 0.67 puanlık bir artışa yol açtığı bulunmuştur.

References

  • Aksu, G., Eser, M.T. & Güzeller, C.O. (2017). Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi İle Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli Uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Alshawabkeh, M.H.F. (2023). The effectiveness of ethical leadership on employee performance: Systematic literature review. Special Treatment Interdisciplinary Journal, 9(1), 101-112.
  • Bakar, H.A. & Connaughton, S.L. (2023). Ethical leadership communications scale: Development and validation of a measure and multi-level test. Journal of General Management, 0(0), 1-17.
  • Bhana, A. & Suknunan, S. (2022). The relationship between previous leadership theories and ethical leadership in a South African context: A narrative review. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(10), 85-96.
  • Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K. & Harrison, D.A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117-134.
  • Çelik, H.E. & Yılmaz, V. (2016). LISREL 9.1 ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. 4. Baskı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Gan, C. (2018). Ethical leadership and unethical employee behavior: A moderated mediation model. Social Behavior and Personality, 46(8), 1271-1284.
  • Guo, F., Xue, Z., He, J. & Yasmin, F. (2023). Ethical leadership and workplace behavior in the education sector: The implications of employees’ ethical work behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-8.
  • Halbusi, H.A., Alhaidan, H., Ramayah, T. & AlAbri, S. (2023). Ethical leadership and employees’ ethical behavior: modeling the contingent role of moral identity. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 42(1), 1-31.
  • Holmes, P.E. & Howard, M.C. (2022). The duplicitous effect of organizational identification: Applying social identity theory to identify joint relations with workplace social courage and unethical pro-organizational behaviors. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-14.
  • Howard, M.C. & Cogswell, J.E. (2018). The left side of courage: Three exploratory studies on the antecedents of social courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-17.
  • Howard, M.C. & Holmes, P.E. (2019). Social courage fosters both voice and silence in the workplace: A study on multidimensional voice and silence with boundary conditions. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance, 1-21.
  • Howard, M.C. (2018). Applying the approach/avoidance framework to understand the relationships between social courage, workplace outcomes, and well-being outcomes. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-15.
  • Howard, M.C., Farr, J.L., Grandey, A.A. & Gutworth, M.B. (2017a). The creation of the workplace social courage scale (WSCS): An investigation of internal consistency, psychometric properties, validity, and utility. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1-18.
  • Howard, M.C., Farr, J.L., Grandey, A.A. & Gutworth, M.B. (2017b). The creation of the workplace social courage scale (WSCS): An investigation of internal consistency, psychometric properties, validity, and utility. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32, 673-690.
  • Howard, M.C., Forde, W., Whitmore, J. & Lambert, E.V.Z. (2022). “I alone can fix it”: Is social courage a bright side of narcissism?. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance, 1-32.
  • İlhan, M. & Çetin, B. (2014). LISREL ve AMOS programları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) analizlerine ilişkin sonuçların karşılaştırılması. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 5(2), 26-42.
  • Jensen, D.C., Hansen, A.K.L., Pedersen, L.D. & Andersen, L.B. (2022). Span of control and ethical leadership in highly professionalized public organizations. Public Personnel Management, 1-27.
  • Lorcu, F. (2015). Örneklerle Veri Analizi- SPSS Uygulamalı. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Magnano, P., Faraci, P., Santisi, G., Zammitti, A., Zarbo, R., & Howard, M.C. (2022a). Psychometric investigation of the workplace social courage scale (WSCS): New evidence for measurement invariance and IRT analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 12(119), 1-17.
  • Magnano, P., Santisi, G., Zammitti, A., Zarbo, R., Scuderi, V.E., Valenti, G.D. & Faraci, P. (2022b). The relationship between subjective risk intelligence and courage with working performance: The potential mediating effect of workplace social courage. European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, 12, 431-444.
  • Maina, J.K. (2022). Parenting as an antecedent to ethical leadership: A review of literature. Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 6(1), 80-97.
  • Mert, İ.S. & Köksal, K. (2022). The effect of workplace social courage on life satisfaction: A scale adaptation. Ege Academic Review, 22(3), 241-252.
  • Mert, İ.S., Sen, C. & Alzghoul, A. (2022). Organizational justice, life satisfaction, and happiness: The mediating role of workplace social courage. Kybernetes, 51(7), 2215-2232.
  • Mitonga-Monga, J., Mokhethi, M.E., Keswa, B.S., Lekoma, B.S., Mathebula, L.X. & Mbatha, L.F. (2023). Ethical leadership in relation to employee commitment in a South African manufacturing company. Acta Commercii - Independent Research Journal in the Management Sciences, 23(1), 1-9.
  • Norgaard, R.R. (2022). Ethical leadership understandings in public professional organisations. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration, 26(3), 3-23.
  • Rabie, M.O. & Malek, M.A. (2020). Ethical leadership and employee ethical behavior: A moderated mediation mechanisms. Seisense Journal of Management, 3(2), 73-88.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Seçer, İ. (2017). SPSS ve LISREL ile Pratik Veri Analizi- Analiz ve Raporlaştırma. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Şimşek, Ö.F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş (Temel İlkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları). Ankara: Ekinoks Yayıncılık.
  • T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı Sanayi Genel Müdürlüğü. (2022). Elektrik Elektronik Sektör Raporu (2021). 24 Kasım 2023 tarihinde https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlar-ve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari adresi üzerinden erişildi.
  • Tistasari, R., Wardoyo, D.T.W. & Witjaksono, A.D. (2023). Bureaucratic culture, ethical leadership and communication in LLDIKTI Region VII, Indonesia. Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Perbankan, 9(1), 25-42.
  • Tuna, M., Bircan, H. & Yeşiltaş, M. (2012). Etik liderlik ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması: Antalya örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(2), 143-155.
  • Uysal, E. & Bayramoğlu, G. (2022). “İşyerinde sosyal cesaret davranışı” ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 54-71.
  • Wijesekera, A.T. & Fernando, R.L.S. (2023). The impact of ethical leadership and employee engagement on customers’ perceived service quality: A study of Sri Lankan public service. Journal of Business & Management, 1(2), 137-156.
  • Yaşar, E. (2023). The relationship between personality traits of employees and workplace social courage behavior. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 76, 52-64.
  • Zhang, G., Zhang, T., Mao, S., Xu, Q. & Ma, X. (2023). Supervisors’ ethical leadership and graduate students’ attitudes toward academic misconduct. Plos One, 18(4), 1-17.

THE EFFECT OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON SOCIAL COURAGE BEHAVIOR IN THE WORKPLACE

Year 2023, Issue: 26 - ., 267 - 277, 30.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.1348414

Abstract

In increasingly competitive environment, the most important competitive advantage businesses have is their employees. The survival of the businesses, increasing their efficiencies and performances depend on the contribution of the employees. When ethical leaders in the business exhibit virtues such as fair, equal, honest and impartial, employees who see these also act ethically by taking their leaders as an example, and they have the courage. In this research, it is aimed to determine the effect of the ethical behaviors of the leaders in the businesses where the employees work, on the employees' social courage behavior in the workplace. Within the scope of the research, a questionnaire was applied to the employees of the electronics company operating in TR21 Thrace Sub-Region and the data obtained were analyzed with the SPSS statistical program and LISREL structural equation program. According to the results of the structural equation model, a positive and significant relationship was found between the independent variable of ethical leadership and the dependent variable of social courage behavior at workplace. Accordingly, it was found that a one-point increase in the ethical leadership variable led to an increase of 0.67 points in the social courage behavior variable at workplace.

References

  • Aksu, G., Eser, M.T. & Güzeller, C.O. (2017). Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi İle Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli Uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Alshawabkeh, M.H.F. (2023). The effectiveness of ethical leadership on employee performance: Systematic literature review. Special Treatment Interdisciplinary Journal, 9(1), 101-112.
  • Bakar, H.A. & Connaughton, S.L. (2023). Ethical leadership communications scale: Development and validation of a measure and multi-level test. Journal of General Management, 0(0), 1-17.
  • Bhana, A. & Suknunan, S. (2022). The relationship between previous leadership theories and ethical leadership in a South African context: A narrative review. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(10), 85-96.
  • Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K. & Harrison, D.A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117-134.
  • Çelik, H.E. & Yılmaz, V. (2016). LISREL 9.1 ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. 4. Baskı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Gan, C. (2018). Ethical leadership and unethical employee behavior: A moderated mediation model. Social Behavior and Personality, 46(8), 1271-1284.
  • Guo, F., Xue, Z., He, J. & Yasmin, F. (2023). Ethical leadership and workplace behavior in the education sector: The implications of employees’ ethical work behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-8.
  • Halbusi, H.A., Alhaidan, H., Ramayah, T. & AlAbri, S. (2023). Ethical leadership and employees’ ethical behavior: modeling the contingent role of moral identity. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 42(1), 1-31.
  • Holmes, P.E. & Howard, M.C. (2022). The duplicitous effect of organizational identification: Applying social identity theory to identify joint relations with workplace social courage and unethical pro-organizational behaviors. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-14.
  • Howard, M.C. & Cogswell, J.E. (2018). The left side of courage: Three exploratory studies on the antecedents of social courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-17.
  • Howard, M.C. & Holmes, P.E. (2019). Social courage fosters both voice and silence in the workplace: A study on multidimensional voice and silence with boundary conditions. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance, 1-21.
  • Howard, M.C. (2018). Applying the approach/avoidance framework to understand the relationships between social courage, workplace outcomes, and well-being outcomes. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-15.
  • Howard, M.C., Farr, J.L., Grandey, A.A. & Gutworth, M.B. (2017a). The creation of the workplace social courage scale (WSCS): An investigation of internal consistency, psychometric properties, validity, and utility. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1-18.
  • Howard, M.C., Farr, J.L., Grandey, A.A. & Gutworth, M.B. (2017b). The creation of the workplace social courage scale (WSCS): An investigation of internal consistency, psychometric properties, validity, and utility. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32, 673-690.
  • Howard, M.C., Forde, W., Whitmore, J. & Lambert, E.V.Z. (2022). “I alone can fix it”: Is social courage a bright side of narcissism?. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance, 1-32.
  • İlhan, M. & Çetin, B. (2014). LISREL ve AMOS programları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) analizlerine ilişkin sonuçların karşılaştırılması. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 5(2), 26-42.
  • Jensen, D.C., Hansen, A.K.L., Pedersen, L.D. & Andersen, L.B. (2022). Span of control and ethical leadership in highly professionalized public organizations. Public Personnel Management, 1-27.
  • Lorcu, F. (2015). Örneklerle Veri Analizi- SPSS Uygulamalı. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Magnano, P., Faraci, P., Santisi, G., Zammitti, A., Zarbo, R., & Howard, M.C. (2022a). Psychometric investigation of the workplace social courage scale (WSCS): New evidence for measurement invariance and IRT analysis. Behavioral Sciences, 12(119), 1-17.
  • Magnano, P., Santisi, G., Zammitti, A., Zarbo, R., Scuderi, V.E., Valenti, G.D. & Faraci, P. (2022b). The relationship between subjective risk intelligence and courage with working performance: The potential mediating effect of workplace social courage. European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, 12, 431-444.
  • Maina, J.K. (2022). Parenting as an antecedent to ethical leadership: A review of literature. Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 6(1), 80-97.
  • Mert, İ.S. & Köksal, K. (2022). The effect of workplace social courage on life satisfaction: A scale adaptation. Ege Academic Review, 22(3), 241-252.
  • Mert, İ.S., Sen, C. & Alzghoul, A. (2022). Organizational justice, life satisfaction, and happiness: The mediating role of workplace social courage. Kybernetes, 51(7), 2215-2232.
  • Mitonga-Monga, J., Mokhethi, M.E., Keswa, B.S., Lekoma, B.S., Mathebula, L.X. & Mbatha, L.F. (2023). Ethical leadership in relation to employee commitment in a South African manufacturing company. Acta Commercii - Independent Research Journal in the Management Sciences, 23(1), 1-9.
  • Norgaard, R.R. (2022). Ethical leadership understandings in public professional organisations. Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration, 26(3), 3-23.
  • Rabie, M.O. & Malek, M.A. (2020). Ethical leadership and employee ethical behavior: A moderated mediation mechanisms. Seisense Journal of Management, 3(2), 73-88.
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Seçer, İ. (2017). SPSS ve LISREL ile Pratik Veri Analizi- Analiz ve Raporlaştırma. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Şimşek, Ö.F. (2007). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş (Temel İlkeler ve LISREL Uygulamaları). Ankara: Ekinoks Yayıncılık.
  • T.C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı Sanayi Genel Müdürlüğü. (2022). Elektrik Elektronik Sektör Raporu (2021). 24 Kasım 2023 tarihinde https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlar-ve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari adresi üzerinden erişildi.
  • Tistasari, R., Wardoyo, D.T.W. & Witjaksono, A.D. (2023). Bureaucratic culture, ethical leadership and communication in LLDIKTI Region VII, Indonesia. Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Perbankan, 9(1), 25-42.
  • Tuna, M., Bircan, H. & Yeşiltaş, M. (2012). Etik liderlik ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması: Antalya örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(2), 143-155.
  • Uysal, E. & Bayramoğlu, G. (2022). “İşyerinde sosyal cesaret davranışı” ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 54-71.
  • Wijesekera, A.T. & Fernando, R.L.S. (2023). The impact of ethical leadership and employee engagement on customers’ perceived service quality: A study of Sri Lankan public service. Journal of Business & Management, 1(2), 137-156.
  • Yaşar, E. (2023). The relationship between personality traits of employees and workplace social courage behavior. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 76, 52-64.
  • Zhang, G., Zhang, T., Mao, S., Xu, Q. & Ma, X. (2023). Supervisors’ ethical leadership and graduate students’ attitudes toward academic misconduct. Plos One, 18(4), 1-17.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Labor and Organisition Sociology
Journal Section MAKALELER
Authors

Hakan Gökgöz 0000-0003-4422-6813

Publication Date November 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 26 - .

Cite

APA Gökgöz, H. (2023). İş Yerinde Sosyal Cesaret Davranışı Üzerinde Etik Liderliğin Etkisi. Anasay(26), 267-277. https://doi.org/10.33404/anasay.1348414