Zeugma’dan Ele Geçen Geç Roma Kırmızı Astarlı Seramikleri

Year 2020, Issue: 46, 49 - 121, 11.12.2020

Ayşe Fatma Erol Deniz Tamer

Abstract

Zeugma Antik Kenti, günümüzde Gaziantep İli, Nizip İlçesi, Belkıs Köyü sınırları içinde, Fırat nehri kıyısında yer almaktadır. Makale konusunu oluşturan malzeme, Zeugma Doğu Konut alanlarında gerçekleştirilen kazılar çerçevesinde A, B Evi olarak adlandırılan konut alanlarından ve kısmen bu evlerin üzerine inşa edilen Geç Antik Dönem duvarlarının oluşturduğu mekanlardan ele geçen farklı gruplara ait ithal kırmızı astarlı seramik örnekleridir . Geç Antik Dönem’de Roma Dönemi sigillatalarının yerini alan kırmızı astarlı seramikler, deniz ticaretinde kullanılan ana rotaların belirlenmesi ve söz konusu dönemde yerleşim kronolojisinin oluşturulmasına katkı sunması bakımından oldukça önemlidir.
Sözü edilen konutlardan ele geçen kırmızı astarlı seramik gruplarına ait; ARS, PHRS ve LRD formları saptanmıştır. Örneklerin değerlendirmesinde; kırmızı astarlı seramikler üzerinde ayrıntılı tanım ve değerlendirmelerde bulunan John W. Hayes’in ana form ve alt tip sınıflandırması ve bunlarla ilgili tanımlama ölçütleri temel alınmıştır. İlgili gruplara ait örnekler; teknik bilgileri, form tanımları, çizim ve fotoğraflarıyla birlikte Zeugma ile ilişkili yakın coğrafyaya ait örneklerle analoji kurularak metin içinde sunulmaktadır. Malzeme üzerinden yapılan değerlendirmeler ışığında, kentin Geç Antik Dönem seramik tipolojisi ve kronolojisini saptamak, kırmızı astarlı seramiklere ait yoğun kullanılan kap formlarının belirlenmesi ve bu bağlamda kentin MS 4. yüzyılın sonu – MS 7. yüzyılın ilk yarısı arasında Doğu Akdeniz genelinden Zeugma özeline doğru ticari ilişkilerinin saptanmasına ışık tutacak verilerin sunulması makalenin temel amacıdır. Çalışma konusunu oluşturan seramiklerde karşılaşılan fomlar ve bunların alt tipleri, kronolojileri ve oranları karşılaştırmalı istatistiklerle okuyucuya sunularak, Zeugma’nın ticari bağlantıları bölgesel ölçekte diğer merkezlerle karşılaştırmalı olarak yorumlanacaktır.

Keywords

Kırmızı astarlı seramikler, LRD, PHRS, ARS, Zeugma

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