Research Article
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Year 2024, Issue: 50, 79 - 104, 20.12.2024

Rana Başkurt Usta

https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1550529

Abstract

References

  • Al-Salihi, W. 1985. “Allat-Nemesis: Iconographical Analysis of Two Religious Reliefs from Hatra.” Mesopotamia 20:131-146.
  • Ambos, C. 2003. “Nanaja-Eine ikonographische studie zur darstellung einer altorientalischen göttin in Hellenistisch-Parthischer zeit.” ZA 93(2):231-272.
  • Bell, G. M. L. 1913. “Churches and Monasteries of the Tur'Abdin and Neighbouring Districts.” Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Architektur 9:61-112.
  • Bell, G. M. L. – M. M. Mango 1982. Churches and Monasteries of the Tûr 'Abdîn and Neighbouring Districts. (2 ed.). London. The Pindar Press.
  • Blömer, M. 2014. Steindenkmäler römischer Zeit aus Nordsyrien: Identität und kulturelle Tradition in Kyrrhestike und Kommagene. Dolichener und Kommagenische Forschungen V, Asia Minor Studien 71. Bonn: Habelt.
  • Blömer, M. 2019. “The Diversity of Funerary Portraiture in Roman Commagene and Cyrrhestice.”: M. Blömer – R. Raja (eds.), Funerary Portraiture in Roman Greater Syria Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 45-64.
  • Blömer, M. 2022. “Edessa and the Sculpture of Greater North Mesopotamia in the Romano-Parthian Period.” K. Lapatin – R. Raja (eds.), Palmyra and the East. Turnhout: Brepols, 155-178.
  • Bobou, O. – J. F. Healey – R. Raja 2023. “Revisiting Edessa’s Funerary Portrait Habit.” Anatolia Antiqua 31:1-52.
  • Brijder, H. 2014. Nemrud Dagi: Recent Archaeological Research and Preservation and Restoration Activities in the Tomb Sanctuary on Mount Nemrud. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
  • Canepa, M. P. 2021. “Sculpting in Time: Rock Reliefs, Inscriptions and the Transformation of Iranian Memory and Identity.” J. Ben-Dow – F. Rojas (ed.), Afterlives of Ancient Rock-cut Monuments in the Near East. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 221-271.
  • Colledge, M. A. R. 1976. The Art of Palmyra. Studies in Ancient Art and Archaeology. London: Thames and Hudson.
  • Comfort, A. 2017. “Fortresses of the Tur Abdin and the confrontation between Rome and Persia.” AnatSt 67:181-229.
  • Curtis, V. S. 1988. The Parthian Costume: Origin and Distribution. Unpublished PhD thesis. University College: London.
  • Curtis, V. S. 2001. “Parthian Belts and Belt Plaques.” IrAnt 36:299-327. DOI: 10.2143/IA.36.0.110
  • Curtis, V. S. 2017. “The Parthian haute-couture at Palmyra.” T. Long – A. H. Sørensen (ed.), Positions and Professions in Palmyra, Palmyrene Studies 2. Denmark: Specialtrykkeriet Arco A/S., 52-67.
  • Çetin, B. 2017. “Şanlıurfa Kızılkoyun ve Kale Eteği Nekropolü Kurtarma Kazı ve Temizlik Çalışmaları.” Müze Çalışmaları ve Kurtarma Kazıları Sempozyumu 26:29-44.
  • Çobanoğlu, D. 2023. Edessa/Osrhoene Bölgesi Roma Dönemi Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri: Tipolojik, Kronolojik ve İkonografik Açıdan Değerlendirme. Unpublished PhD Thessis. Akdeniz Üniversitesi: Antalya.
  • Demir, M. 2019. “Şanlıurfa Kızılkoyun ve Kale Eteği Nekropolü Kurtarma Kazı ve Temizlik Çalışmaları.” M. Önal – S. Mutlu – İ. Mutlu (ed.) Harran ve Çevresi Arkeolojisi. Şanlıurfa: Şurkav Yayınları, 251-270.
  • Downey, S. B. 1977. The Stone and Plaster Sculpture. Excavations at Dura-Europos. Final Report III, Part 1, Fascicle 2. Los Angeles: University of California, Institution of Archaeology.
  • Drijvers, H. J. W. – J. F. Healey 1999. The Old Syriac Inscriptions of Edessa and Osrhoene: Texts, Translations and Commentary. Leiden: Brill.
  • Edwell, P. 2017. “Osrhoene and Mesopotamia between Rome and Arsacid Parthia.” J. M. Schlude – B. B. Rubin (ed.), Arsacids, Romans, and Local Elites: Cross-Cultural Interactions of the Parthian Empire. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 111-135.
  • Gawlikowski, M. 1979. “L’art “parthe” et l’art arsacide.” W. Kleiss (ed.), Akten des VII. internationalen Kongresses für iranische Kunst und Archäologie. Berlin: Reimer, 323-326.
  • Hopkins, C. 1936. “A Note on Frontality in Near Eastern Art.” Ars Islamica 3(2):187-199.
  • Huntington, E. 1903. “The Hittite Ruins of Asia Minor.” H. M. Baum – F. B. Wright (ed.), Record of the Past Vol. II, Washington, D.C., 131-139.
  • Jacobs, B. – A. Schütte-Maischatz 1999. “Statuette eines Adligen aus der nördlichen Osronêne. ” IstMitt 49:431-445.
  • Jacobs, B. – A. Schütte-Maischatz 2006. “Statue eines Bogenschützen aus dem Stadtgebiet von Urfa.” IstMitt 56:359-369.
  • Kawami, T. S. 2013. “Parthian and Elymaean Rock Reliefs.” D. T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 751-765.
  • Marciak, M. 2011. “Seleucid-Parthian Adiabene in the Light of Ancient Geographical and Ethnographical Texts.” Anabasis. Studia Classica et Orientalia 2:179-208.
  • Marciak, M. 2012a. “The Historical Geography of Gordyene. Part 1: Classical Sources.” Anabasis. Studia Classica et Orientalia 3:173-213.
  • Marciak, M. 2012b. “The Historical Geography of Sophene.” Acta Antiqua 52(4):295-338.
  • Marciak, M. 2014a. “The Cultural Landscape of Sophene from Hellenistic to Early Byzantine Times.” Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft 17:13-56.
  • Marciak, M. 2014b. Izates, Helena, and Monobazos of Adiabene: A Study on Literary Traditions and History. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Marciak, M. 2016. “Gordyene’s Culture from Hellenistic to Sasanian Periods.” Geographia Antiqua 25:33-56.
  • Marciak, M. 2017. Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia between East and West (1st ed.). Leiden: Brill.
  • Marciak, M. 2021. “The Upper Tigris Region between Rome, Iran, and Armenia.” Electrum 28:151-161.
  • Marciak, M. – R. S. Wójcikowski 2016. “Images of Kings of Adiabene: Numismatic and Sculptural Evidence.” Iraq 78:79-101.
  • Mathiesen, H. E. 1992. Sculpture in the Parthian Empire: A Study in Chronology. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
  • Millar, F. 1993. The Roman Near East, 31 BC-AD 337 Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Millar, F. 2006. Rome, the Greek world, and the East. The Greek world, the Jews, and the East Vol. 3. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Nogaret, M. 1984. “Le relief parthe de Finik.” Syria 61(3/4):257-266.
  • Palermo, R. 2014. “Nisibis, capital of the province of Mesopotamia: some historical and archaeological perspectives.” JRA 27:456-471.
  • Pfuhl, E. – H. Möbius 1977. Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs I-II. Mainz: Phillip von Zabern.
  • Pognon, H. 1907. Inscriptions sémitiques de la Syrie, de la Mésopotamie et de la région de Mossoul. Syriac Studies Library. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
  • Rostovtzeff, M. I. 1935. “Dura and the Problem of Parthian Art.” YCS 5:157-303.
  • Rumscheid, J. 2013. “Mosaiken aus Grabanlagen in Edessa.” KuBA Kölner und Bonner Archaeologica 3:109-132.
  • Rumscheid, J. 2019. “Different from the Others: Female Dress in Northern Syria Based on Examples from Zeugma and Hierapolis.” M. Blömer – R. Raja (ed.), Funerary Portraiture in Greater Roman Syria. Turnhout: Brepols, 65-82.
  • Sartre, M. 2014. “Nisibe et Rome.” B. Patrice (ed.), L'historien et ses territoires: choix d'articles. Bordeaux: Ausonius. 477-489.
  • Schneider, E. E. 1992. “Rilievi funerari dalla necropoli di Hilar, nella Mesopotamia Settentrionale.” RdA XVI:28-35.
  • Schneider, E. E. 1993. “Archaeological Survey in The Ergani Area-Eastern Anatolia.” AST 10:249-260.
  • Segal, J. B. 1953. “Pagan Syriac Monuments in the Vilayet of Urfa.” Anatolian Studies 3:97-119.
  • Segal, J. B. 1970. Edessa : 'The Blessed City'. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Wießner, G. 1980. Nordmesopotamische Ruinenstätten. Göttinger Orientforschungen. II. Reihe, Studien zur spätantiken und ühchristlichen Kunst Bd. 2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Wießner, G. 1993. Christliche Kultbauten im Ṭūr ʿAbdīn III. Supplement zu Kultbauten mit transversem Schiff und Felsanlagen Anhang: Grabbauten. Die Festungen von Edikli. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Winkelmann, S. 2006. “Waffen und Waffenträger auf parthischen Münzen“. Parthica 8:131-152.
  • Winkelmann, S. 2009. “Partherzeitliche Waffenträger in Edassa und Umgebung.” L. Geisiger – C. Rammelt – J. Tubach (ed.), Edessa in hellenistisch-römischer Zeit. Religion, Kultur und Politik zwischen Ost und West. Beyrut: Ergon Verlag, 313-365.
  • Winkelmann, S. 2013. “The Weapons of Hatra as a Reflection of Interregional Contacts.” L. Dirven (ed.), Hatra : Politics, Culture and Religion between Parthia and Rome. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 235-249.

SEYİTÖMER HÖYÜK ERKEN TUNÇ ÇAĞI III DÖNEMİ BEY (?) YAPISINDAN ELE GEÇEN METAL EŞYALAR VE BÖLGELERARASI İLİŞKİLER

Year 2024, Issue: 50, 79 - 104, 20.12.2024

Rana Başkurt Usta

https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1550529

Abstract

Bu çalışma İç Batı Anadolu’da yer alan Seyitömer Höyük’te Erken Tunç Çağı III Dönemini temsil eden V. tabakanın B evresine ait bey (?) yapısından ele geçen metal eşyaları tipolojik sınıflandırması ve benzerleri çerçevesinde değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Höyüğün Erken Tunç Çağı III yerleşimi, çevre/savunma duvarı ile çevrelenmiş aşağı ve yukarı yerleşimler, dini ve idari kamusal nitelikli kompleks yapılar, uzmanlaşma, statü/prestij nesneleri, merkezi depolama sistemleri, üretim ve ticaret ile karakterize olmaktadır. Bu yerleşimin yöneticisine ait ayrıcalıklı bir konuma ve inşaya sahip yapıda bulunan silahlar, aletler ve süs eşyaları sayısal ve çeşitlilik olarak V. tabakanın metal eşyalarına önemli bir katkı sunmaktadır. Büyük bir kısmı bölgede ilk kez temsil edilen örneklerden oluşan söz konusu eşyalar ile yerleşimin, doğusu ve batısında öne çıkan siyasi otoriteler ve Akkad Devleti hâkimiyetindeki Kuzey Suriye/Mezopotamya ile ticari ve/veya kültürel ilişkiler içinde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

Anahtar Kelimeler: Seyitömer Höyük Erken Tunç Çağı metal silah süs eşyası.

References

  • Al-Salihi, W. 1985. “Allat-Nemesis: Iconographical Analysis of Two Religious Reliefs from Hatra.” Mesopotamia 20:131-146.
  • Ambos, C. 2003. “Nanaja-Eine ikonographische studie zur darstellung einer altorientalischen göttin in Hellenistisch-Parthischer zeit.” ZA 93(2):231-272.
  • Bell, G. M. L. 1913. “Churches and Monasteries of the Tur'Abdin and Neighbouring Districts.” Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Architektur 9:61-112.
  • Bell, G. M. L. – M. M. Mango 1982. Churches and Monasteries of the Tûr 'Abdîn and Neighbouring Districts. (2 ed.). London. The Pindar Press.
  • Blömer, M. 2014. Steindenkmäler römischer Zeit aus Nordsyrien: Identität und kulturelle Tradition in Kyrrhestike und Kommagene. Dolichener und Kommagenische Forschungen V, Asia Minor Studien 71. Bonn: Habelt.
  • Blömer, M. 2019. “The Diversity of Funerary Portraiture in Roman Commagene and Cyrrhestice.”: M. Blömer – R. Raja (eds.), Funerary Portraiture in Roman Greater Syria Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 45-64.
  • Blömer, M. 2022. “Edessa and the Sculpture of Greater North Mesopotamia in the Romano-Parthian Period.” K. Lapatin – R. Raja (eds.), Palmyra and the East. Turnhout: Brepols, 155-178.
  • Bobou, O. – J. F. Healey – R. Raja 2023. “Revisiting Edessa’s Funerary Portrait Habit.” Anatolia Antiqua 31:1-52.
  • Brijder, H. 2014. Nemrud Dagi: Recent Archaeological Research and Preservation and Restoration Activities in the Tomb Sanctuary on Mount Nemrud. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
  • Canepa, M. P. 2021. “Sculpting in Time: Rock Reliefs, Inscriptions and the Transformation of Iranian Memory and Identity.” J. Ben-Dow – F. Rojas (ed.), Afterlives of Ancient Rock-cut Monuments in the Near East. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 221-271.
  • Colledge, M. A. R. 1976. The Art of Palmyra. Studies in Ancient Art and Archaeology. London: Thames and Hudson.
  • Comfort, A. 2017. “Fortresses of the Tur Abdin and the confrontation between Rome and Persia.” AnatSt 67:181-229.
  • Curtis, V. S. 1988. The Parthian Costume: Origin and Distribution. Unpublished PhD thesis. University College: London.
  • Curtis, V. S. 2001. “Parthian Belts and Belt Plaques.” IrAnt 36:299-327. DOI: 10.2143/IA.36.0.110
  • Curtis, V. S. 2017. “The Parthian haute-couture at Palmyra.” T. Long – A. H. Sørensen (ed.), Positions and Professions in Palmyra, Palmyrene Studies 2. Denmark: Specialtrykkeriet Arco A/S., 52-67.
  • Çetin, B. 2017. “Şanlıurfa Kızılkoyun ve Kale Eteği Nekropolü Kurtarma Kazı ve Temizlik Çalışmaları.” Müze Çalışmaları ve Kurtarma Kazıları Sempozyumu 26:29-44.
  • Çobanoğlu, D. 2023. Edessa/Osrhoene Bölgesi Roma Dönemi Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri: Tipolojik, Kronolojik ve İkonografik Açıdan Değerlendirme. Unpublished PhD Thessis. Akdeniz Üniversitesi: Antalya.
  • Demir, M. 2019. “Şanlıurfa Kızılkoyun ve Kale Eteği Nekropolü Kurtarma Kazı ve Temizlik Çalışmaları.” M. Önal – S. Mutlu – İ. Mutlu (ed.) Harran ve Çevresi Arkeolojisi. Şanlıurfa: Şurkav Yayınları, 251-270.
  • Downey, S. B. 1977. The Stone and Plaster Sculpture. Excavations at Dura-Europos. Final Report III, Part 1, Fascicle 2. Los Angeles: University of California, Institution of Archaeology.
  • Drijvers, H. J. W. – J. F. Healey 1999. The Old Syriac Inscriptions of Edessa and Osrhoene: Texts, Translations and Commentary. Leiden: Brill.
  • Edwell, P. 2017. “Osrhoene and Mesopotamia between Rome and Arsacid Parthia.” J. M. Schlude – B. B. Rubin (ed.), Arsacids, Romans, and Local Elites: Cross-Cultural Interactions of the Parthian Empire. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 111-135.
  • Gawlikowski, M. 1979. “L’art “parthe” et l’art arsacide.” W. Kleiss (ed.), Akten des VII. internationalen Kongresses für iranische Kunst und Archäologie. Berlin: Reimer, 323-326.
  • Hopkins, C. 1936. “A Note on Frontality in Near Eastern Art.” Ars Islamica 3(2):187-199.
  • Huntington, E. 1903. “The Hittite Ruins of Asia Minor.” H. M. Baum – F. B. Wright (ed.), Record of the Past Vol. II, Washington, D.C., 131-139.
  • Jacobs, B. – A. Schütte-Maischatz 1999. “Statuette eines Adligen aus der nördlichen Osronêne. ” IstMitt 49:431-445.
  • Jacobs, B. – A. Schütte-Maischatz 2006. “Statue eines Bogenschützen aus dem Stadtgebiet von Urfa.” IstMitt 56:359-369.
  • Kawami, T. S. 2013. “Parthian and Elymaean Rock Reliefs.” D. T. Potts (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 751-765.
  • Marciak, M. 2011. “Seleucid-Parthian Adiabene in the Light of Ancient Geographical and Ethnographical Texts.” Anabasis. Studia Classica et Orientalia 2:179-208.
  • Marciak, M. 2012a. “The Historical Geography of Gordyene. Part 1: Classical Sources.” Anabasis. Studia Classica et Orientalia 3:173-213.
  • Marciak, M. 2012b. “The Historical Geography of Sophene.” Acta Antiqua 52(4):295-338.
  • Marciak, M. 2014a. “The Cultural Landscape of Sophene from Hellenistic to Early Byzantine Times.” Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft 17:13-56.
  • Marciak, M. 2014b. Izates, Helena, and Monobazos of Adiabene: A Study on Literary Traditions and History. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Marciak, M. 2016. “Gordyene’s Culture from Hellenistic to Sasanian Periods.” Geographia Antiqua 25:33-56.
  • Marciak, M. 2017. Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia between East and West (1st ed.). Leiden: Brill.
  • Marciak, M. 2021. “The Upper Tigris Region between Rome, Iran, and Armenia.” Electrum 28:151-161.
  • Marciak, M. – R. S. Wójcikowski 2016. “Images of Kings of Adiabene: Numismatic and Sculptural Evidence.” Iraq 78:79-101.
  • Mathiesen, H. E. 1992. Sculpture in the Parthian Empire: A Study in Chronology. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press.
  • Millar, F. 1993. The Roman Near East, 31 BC-AD 337 Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Millar, F. 2006. Rome, the Greek world, and the East. The Greek world, the Jews, and the East Vol. 3. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
  • Nogaret, M. 1984. “Le relief parthe de Finik.” Syria 61(3/4):257-266.
  • Palermo, R. 2014. “Nisibis, capital of the province of Mesopotamia: some historical and archaeological perspectives.” JRA 27:456-471.
  • Pfuhl, E. – H. Möbius 1977. Die ostgriechischen Grabreliefs I-II. Mainz: Phillip von Zabern.
  • Pognon, H. 1907. Inscriptions sémitiques de la Syrie, de la Mésopotamie et de la région de Mossoul. Syriac Studies Library. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
  • Rostovtzeff, M. I. 1935. “Dura and the Problem of Parthian Art.” YCS 5:157-303.
  • Rumscheid, J. 2013. “Mosaiken aus Grabanlagen in Edessa.” KuBA Kölner und Bonner Archaeologica 3:109-132.
  • Rumscheid, J. 2019. “Different from the Others: Female Dress in Northern Syria Based on Examples from Zeugma and Hierapolis.” M. Blömer – R. Raja (ed.), Funerary Portraiture in Greater Roman Syria. Turnhout: Brepols, 65-82.
  • Sartre, M. 2014. “Nisibe et Rome.” B. Patrice (ed.), L'historien et ses territoires: choix d'articles. Bordeaux: Ausonius. 477-489.
  • Schneider, E. E. 1992. “Rilievi funerari dalla necropoli di Hilar, nella Mesopotamia Settentrionale.” RdA XVI:28-35.
  • Schneider, E. E. 1993. “Archaeological Survey in The Ergani Area-Eastern Anatolia.” AST 10:249-260.
  • Segal, J. B. 1953. “Pagan Syriac Monuments in the Vilayet of Urfa.” Anatolian Studies 3:97-119.
  • Segal, J. B. 1970. Edessa : 'The Blessed City'. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Wießner, G. 1980. Nordmesopotamische Ruinenstätten. Göttinger Orientforschungen. II. Reihe, Studien zur spätantiken und ühchristlichen Kunst Bd. 2. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Wießner, G. 1993. Christliche Kultbauten im Ṭūr ʿAbdīn III. Supplement zu Kultbauten mit transversem Schiff und Felsanlagen Anhang: Grabbauten. Die Festungen von Edikli. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • Winkelmann, S. 2006. “Waffen und Waffenträger auf parthischen Münzen“. Parthica 8:131-152.
  • Winkelmann, S. 2009. “Partherzeitliche Waffenträger in Edassa und Umgebung.” L. Geisiger – C. Rammelt – J. Tubach (ed.), Edessa in hellenistisch-römischer Zeit. Religion, Kultur und Politik zwischen Ost und West. Beyrut: Ergon Verlag, 313-365.
  • Winkelmann, S. 2013. “The Weapons of Hatra as a Reflection of Interregional Contacts.” L. Dirven (ed.), Hatra : Politics, Culture and Religion between Parthia and Rome. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 235-249.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Early Bronze Age Archeology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Rana Başkurt Usta 0000-0002-4862-1880

Publication Date December 20, 2024
Submission Date September 15, 2024
Acceptance Date November 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 50

Cite

Chicago Başkurt Usta, Rana. “SEYİTÖMER HÖYÜK ERKEN TUNÇ ÇAĞI III DÖNEMİ BEY (?) YAPISINDAN ELE GEÇEN METAL EŞYALAR VE BÖLGELERARASI İLİŞKİLER”. Anatolia, no. 50 (December 2024): 79-104. https://doi.org/10.36891/anatolia.1550529.
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