Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives

Zerrin Savaşan

doi:10.54699/andhd.1688562

EN TR

Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives

Abstract

This article aims to take a substantive and tangible step towards bridging the aspects of International Environmental Law (IEL) and International Criminal Law (ICL) in responding to environmental harm. On this purpose, following a concise introduction to the aims of punishment and the justifications for penalties, the article firstly discusses the current approaches within the international system for penalizing and responding to environmental harm. It then critically analyzes the International Criminal Court (ICC) system, specifically its mechanisms for penalizing and responding to environmental harm, considering both its strengths and weaknesses. The analysis reveals that the ICC is not fully equipped with penalties or responses adequate for compensating environmental damage, primarily because its focus tends to be on the offender, rather than the victim. Afterwards, drawing upon alternative perspectives, the article offers several recommendations for relevant policy development and best practices. Finally, based on its findings, it underscores the importance of employing proactive, reactive and restorative tools within an ecocentric framework to develop a more robust structure equipped with more appropriate and effective penalties for adequately addressing environmental crime and the harm it engenders.

Keywords

Ecocide, Ecocrime, Environmental Crimes, Environmental Harm, International Criminal Court, Punishment, Response

Çevresel Zararı Cezalandırma: Avantajlar, Sınırlamalar ve Alternatifler

Abstract

Bu makale, çevreye verilen zarara karşılık verme hususunda Uluslararası Çevre Hukuku (UÇH) ve Uluslararası Ceza Hukuku (UCH) yönlerini birleştirmek için esaslı ve somut bir adım atmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, cezanın amaçları ve cezaların gerekçeleri hakkında kısa bir giriş yaptıktan sonra, makale öncelikle uluslararası sistemin çevresel zararı cezalandırma ve bu zarara karşılık verme konusundaki mevcut yollarını tartışmaktadır. Daha sonra, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi (UCM) sistemini, özellikle çevresel zararı cezalandırma ve yanıtlama sistemini, hem yararları hem de sınırlarıyla sorgulamaktadır. Böylece, UCM’nin çevresel hasarı telafi etmek için gerekli cezalar/karşılıklarla donatılmadığını; odak noktasının suçludan ziyade mağdurda olması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ardından, alternatif görüşlere atıfta bulunarak, ilgili politikaların ve iyi uygulamaların geliştirilmesi için bazı önerilerde bulunmaktadır. Son olarak, bulgularına dayanarak, çevre suçları ve bunların yol açtığı zararların yeterince ele alınmasına daha uygun ve etkili olabilecek cezalarla donatılmış bir yapının oluşturulması amacıyla ekosentrik bir yaklaşımla proaktif, reaktif ve onarıcı araçlara başvurmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Ekokırım, Ekosuç, Çevre Suçları, Çevresel Zarar, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, Karşılık

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Criminal Law

Journal Section

Review Article

Authors

Zerrin Savaşan ^*
0000-0001-7265-0238
Türkiye

Publication Date

August 14, 2025

Submission Date

May 1, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 25, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 11 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1688562

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA77NG46CE

APA

Savaşan, Z. (2025). Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 551-572. https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1688562

AMA

1.Savaşan Z. Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives. AndHD. 2025;11(2):551-572. doi:10.54699/andhd.1688562

Chicago

Savaşan, Zerrin. 2025. “Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11 (2): 551-72. https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1688562.

EndNote

Savaşan Z (August 1, 2025) Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11 2 551–572.

IEEE

[1]Z. Savaşan, “Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives”, AndHD, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 551–572, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.54699/andhd.1688562.

ISNAD

Savaşan, Zerrin. “Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11/2 (August 1, 2025): 551-572. https://doi.org/10.54699/andhd.1688562.

JAMA

1.Savaşan Z. Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives. AndHD. 2025;11:551–572.

MLA

Savaşan, Zerrin. “Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, Aug. 2025, pp. 551-72, doi:10.54699/andhd.1688562.

Vancouver

1.Zerrin Savaşan. Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives. AndHD. 2025 Aug. 1;11(2):551-72. doi:10.54699/andhd.1688562

Penalizing Environmental Harm: Merits, Limits and Alternatives

Abstract

Keywords

Çevresel Zararı Cezalandırma: Avantajlar, Sınırlamalar ve Alternatifler

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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