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The Institutionalization of Religion in The Kingdom of Morocco: The Supreme Council of Scholars

Year 2023, , 88 - 101, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1311042

Abstract

The Ministry of Religion and Foundation Affairs which was established during the protectorate of France, preserved its existence and carried on the activities even after the independence of the Kingdom of Morocco in 1956. The Ministry's function in the new term was to play an important role in transfering the strong rituals of the Kingdom of Morocco to the modern period. Moreover, the ministry has sustained its institutional growth continuously in some way while maintaning its aforementioned function. Even the neighbours of Morocco was affected by the crises that were resulted from the demonstrations starting in many countries in the North Africa and the Middle East in 2011. However, pulling out the system stronger and well-established from the period by reading such movements correctly has led to more discussions for the "exceptional status" of the Kingdom of Morocco. In this study, institutionalization of the Ministry of Religion and Foundation Affairs which took an important role in creation and maintenance of the exceptional status of the Kingdom of Morocco will be covered. The Supreme Council of Scholars was chosen in order to analyze how the aforenamed period has had effects on the whole country. As a consequence, in this study, through the Supreme Council of Scholars, the way the Kingdom of Morocco has completed the religous institutionalization period and how it had effects on other religious institutions is accentuated.

References

  • Abouyoub, Y. (2012). Peut-on parler d’exception marocaine ? Tumultes, 38-39(1-2), 93-113. https://doi.org/10.3917/tumu.038.0093
  • Au Maroc, le soft power passe par l’école des imams. (t.y.). Libération. https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/12/19/au-maroc-le-soft-power-passe-par-l-ecole-des-imams_1536330/ Erişim tarihi: (6 Haziran 2023).
  • Baylocq, C., Hlaoua, A., & Stout, C. (2016). Spreading a “Moderate Islam”? Morocco’s New African Religious Diplomacy. Afrique contemporaine, 257(1), 113-128.
  • Belal, Y. (2013). L’islam politique au Maroc. Pouvoirs, 145(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.3917/pouv.145.0071
  • Boukous, A. (1998). Mohammed Mokhtar Soussi. Figure emblématique de la différence. NAQD, 11(1), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.3917/naqd.011.0101
  • Bruce, B. (2019). Governing Islam Abroad: Turkish and Moroccan Muslims in Western Europe (1st ed. 2019). Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78664-3
  • Bruce Benjamin. (2015). Governing Islam Abroad The Turkish and Moroccan Muslim Fields in France and Germany [Doctorat en Science politique]. Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris.
  • Ceran, İ. (2012). Fas Tarihi (1er édition). Türk Tarih Kurumu. Discours de SM le Roi à l’occasion de la Fête du Trône. (2013, Mart 25). Maroc.ma. https://www.maroc.ma/fr/discours-royaux/discours-de-sm-le-roi-%C3%A0-loccasion-de-la-f%C3%AAte-du-tr%C3%B4ne-0
  • El-Katiri, M. (2013). The institutionalisation of religious affairs: Religious reform in Morocco. The Journal of North African Studies, 18(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2012.712886
  • elKettani. (t.y.). Le Conseil supérieur des Oulémas condamne fermement le contenu du film “Saydiat Al Jannah’’.http://www.habous.gov.ma/fr/conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-2/6442-le-conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-condamne-fermement-le-contenu-du-film-“saydiat-al-jannah.html (Erişim Tarihi: 6 Haziran 2023).
  • Erol, H. (2022). Islamic Propaganda by the French During the Occupation of Egypt (1798-1801). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi / İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 42(1), 163-190. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2022.42.1.0014
  • Geertz, C., & Şahin, M. M. (2012). İki Kültürde İslam: Fas ve Endonezya’da Dini Değişim: Fas ve Endonezya'da Dini Değişim (1. bs, C. 1). Küre Yayınları.
  • Hamouda. (t.y.-a). Conseil supérieur des Oulémas.http://www.habous.gov.ma/fr/conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas.html (Erişim Tarihi: 6 Haziran 2023).
  • Hamouda. (t.y.-b). La 26e session ordinaire du Conseil Supérieur des Oulémas approuve une série de recommandations. http://www.habous.gov.ma/fr/conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-2/5240-la-26e-session-ordinaire-du-conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-approuve-une-série-de-recommandations.html (Erişim Tarihi: 6 Haziran 2023)
  • Hamouda. (t.y.-c). Message de fidélité et de loyalisme à SM le Roi, Amir Al Mouminine, à l’occasion de la clôture de la 18eme session ordinaire du Conseil Supérieur des Ouléma. http://www.habous.gov.ma/fr/conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-2/2140-message-de-fidélité-et-de-loyalisme-à-sm-le-roi,-amir-al-mouminine,-à-l-occasion-de-la-clôture-de-la-18eme-session-ordinaire-du-conseil-supérieur-des-ouléma.html ( Erişim Tarihi: 06 Haziran 2023).
  • Hodgson, G. M. (2006). What Are Institutions? Journal of Economic Issues, 40(1), 1-25.
  • Johansen, B. (1988). Des institutions religieuses du Maghreb. Arabica, 35(3), 221-252.
  • Kadir Canatan. (2012). Bilgi Sosyolojisi Açısından “İslam’ın Kurumsallaşması”. Eskiyeni, 24, 67-82.
  • Lapidus, I. M., Ayyıldızoğlu, M., & Aktay, Y. (2010). İslam Toplumları Tarihi Cilt 2: 19 Yüzyıldan Günümüze (5. bs, C. 2). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Larousse, É. (t.y.). Définitions: Baraka - Dictionnaire de français Larousse. https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/baraka/7906 (Erişim Tarihi: 31 Mayıs 2023).
  • Le Maroc compte 50.000 mosquées dont le budget est de 2 milliards de DH/an. (2014, Aralık 1). Médias24. https://medias24.com/2014/12/01/le-maroc-compte-50-000-mosquees-dont-le-budget-est-de-2-milliards-de-dh-an/
  • L’« exception marocaine » dans le contexte des soulèvements arabes. (t.y.). IRIS. https://www.iris-france.org/43267-l-exception-marocaine-dans-le-contexte-des-soulevements-arabes/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2023).
  • Miller, S. G. (2013). A History of Modern Morocco. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139045834
  • Rollinde, M. (2004). L’alternance démocratique au Maroc: Une porte entrouverte. Confluences Mediterranee, N°51(4), 57-67.
  • Saghi, O. (2012). Une exception marocaine ? Les Cahiers de l’Orient, 107(3), 151-153. https://doi.org/10.3917/lcdlo.107.0151
  • Soage, A. (2013). Political Islam in Morocco: Is there an ‘exception marocaine’? Middle East Review of International Affairs, 17, 1-8.
  • Tozy, M. (1999). Monarchie Et Islam Politique Au Maroc, Édition Française (2e éd. suivie d'une postface édition). Les Presses de Sciences Po.
  • Tozy, M. (2009). L’évolution du champ religieux marocain au défi de la mondialisation. Revue internationale de politique comparee, Vol. 16(1), 63-81.
  • Tozy, M. (2013a). 5. Des oulémas frondeurs à la bureaucratie du « croire ». Les péripéties d’une restructuration annoncée du champ religieux au Maroc: İçinde La bureaucratisation néolibérale (ss. 129-154). La Découverte. https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.hibou.2013.01.0129
  • Vermeren, P. (2016a). II. Mohammed V et l’Istiqlâl (1956-1961): C. 5e éd (ss. 20-31). La Découverte. https://www.cairn.info/histoire-du-maroc-depuis-l-independance--9782707190659-p-20.htm
  • Vermeren, P. (2016b). VI. D’Ahmed Dlimi à Driss Basri, le Maroc des « années de plomb » (1975-1990): C. 5e éd (ss. 69-85). La Découverte. https://www.cairn.info/histoire-du-maroc-depuis-l-independance--9782707190659-p-69.htm
  • Wainscott, A. M. (2018). Bureaucratizing Islam: Morocco and the War on Terror. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wyrtzen, J. (2015). Making Morocco: Colonial intervention and the politics of identity. Cornell University Press.
  • Wyrtzen, J. D. (2009). Constructing Morocco: The colonial struggle to define the nation 1912-1956 [Thesis, Georgetown University]. Içinde Dept. Of History, Doctoral dissertations, 2009. https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553117

Fas Krallığında Dinin Kurumsallaşması: Yüksek Âlimler Konseyi

Year 2023, , 88 - 101, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1311042

Abstract

Fransa Himayesi döneminde kurulmuş olan Din ve Vakıf İşleri Bakanlığı, Fas Krallığı devleti 1956 yılında bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonra da varlığını korumuş ve faaliyetlerini devam ettirmiştir. Bakanlığın bu yeni dönemdeki işlevi ise Fas Krallığı’nın sahip olduğu güçlü ritüellerin modern döneme aktarılmasında önemli bir rol üstlenmek olmuştur. Ayrıca, Bakanlık söz konusu işlevini yerine getirirken sürekli bir şekilde kurumsal büyümesini sürdürmeye de devam etmiştir. 2011 yılında Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika coğrafyasında birçok ülkede başlayan protesto gösterileri sonrası yaşanan krizlerden Fas’ın komşuları da etkilenmiştir. Ancak bu eylemleri doğru okuyarak bahse konu süreçten “sistemi” daha güçlü ve oturmuş bir şekilde çıkartan Fas Krallığı’nın “istisnai hâli” daha çok tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. İşte bu çalışmada, Fas Krallığı’nın bu istisnai durumunun oluşumunda ve devamında önemli bir rol üstlenmiş olan Din ve Vakıf İşleri Bakanlığının kurumsallaşma süreci ele alınacaktır. Söz konusu sürecin tüm ülkede nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu daha iyi analiz edebilmek için ise vaka olarak Yüksek Âlimler Konseyi seçilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada Yüksek Âlimler Konseyi üzerinden, Fas Krallığı’nın dini kurumsallaşma sürecini nasıl tamamladığı ve bunun diğer dini kurumlara nasıl etki ettiği üzerinde durulacaktır.

References

  • Abouyoub, Y. (2012). Peut-on parler d’exception marocaine ? Tumultes, 38-39(1-2), 93-113. https://doi.org/10.3917/tumu.038.0093
  • Au Maroc, le soft power passe par l’école des imams. (t.y.). Libération. https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/12/19/au-maroc-le-soft-power-passe-par-l-ecole-des-imams_1536330/ Erişim tarihi: (6 Haziran 2023).
  • Baylocq, C., Hlaoua, A., & Stout, C. (2016). Spreading a “Moderate Islam”? Morocco’s New African Religious Diplomacy. Afrique contemporaine, 257(1), 113-128.
  • Belal, Y. (2013). L’islam politique au Maroc. Pouvoirs, 145(2), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.3917/pouv.145.0071
  • Boukous, A. (1998). Mohammed Mokhtar Soussi. Figure emblématique de la différence. NAQD, 11(1), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.3917/naqd.011.0101
  • Bruce, B. (2019). Governing Islam Abroad: Turkish and Moroccan Muslims in Western Europe (1st ed. 2019). Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78664-3
  • Bruce Benjamin. (2015). Governing Islam Abroad The Turkish and Moroccan Muslim Fields in France and Germany [Doctorat en Science politique]. Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris.
  • Ceran, İ. (2012). Fas Tarihi (1er édition). Türk Tarih Kurumu. Discours de SM le Roi à l’occasion de la Fête du Trône. (2013, Mart 25). Maroc.ma. https://www.maroc.ma/fr/discours-royaux/discours-de-sm-le-roi-%C3%A0-loccasion-de-la-f%C3%AAte-du-tr%C3%B4ne-0
  • El-Katiri, M. (2013). The institutionalisation of religious affairs: Religious reform in Morocco. The Journal of North African Studies, 18(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2012.712886
  • elKettani. (t.y.). Le Conseil supérieur des Oulémas condamne fermement le contenu du film “Saydiat Al Jannah’’.http://www.habous.gov.ma/fr/conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-2/6442-le-conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-condamne-fermement-le-contenu-du-film-“saydiat-al-jannah.html (Erişim Tarihi: 6 Haziran 2023).
  • Erol, H. (2022). Islamic Propaganda by the French During the Occupation of Egypt (1798-1801). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi / İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 42(1), 163-190. https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2022.42.1.0014
  • Geertz, C., & Şahin, M. M. (2012). İki Kültürde İslam: Fas ve Endonezya’da Dini Değişim: Fas ve Endonezya'da Dini Değişim (1. bs, C. 1). Küre Yayınları.
  • Hamouda. (t.y.-a). Conseil supérieur des Oulémas.http://www.habous.gov.ma/fr/conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas.html (Erişim Tarihi: 6 Haziran 2023).
  • Hamouda. (t.y.-b). La 26e session ordinaire du Conseil Supérieur des Oulémas approuve une série de recommandations. http://www.habous.gov.ma/fr/conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-2/5240-la-26e-session-ordinaire-du-conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-approuve-une-série-de-recommandations.html (Erişim Tarihi: 6 Haziran 2023)
  • Hamouda. (t.y.-c). Message de fidélité et de loyalisme à SM le Roi, Amir Al Mouminine, à l’occasion de la clôture de la 18eme session ordinaire du Conseil Supérieur des Ouléma. http://www.habous.gov.ma/fr/conseil-supérieur-des-oulémas-2/2140-message-de-fidélité-et-de-loyalisme-à-sm-le-roi,-amir-al-mouminine,-à-l-occasion-de-la-clôture-de-la-18eme-session-ordinaire-du-conseil-supérieur-des-ouléma.html ( Erişim Tarihi: 06 Haziran 2023).
  • Hodgson, G. M. (2006). What Are Institutions? Journal of Economic Issues, 40(1), 1-25.
  • Johansen, B. (1988). Des institutions religieuses du Maghreb. Arabica, 35(3), 221-252.
  • Kadir Canatan. (2012). Bilgi Sosyolojisi Açısından “İslam’ın Kurumsallaşması”. Eskiyeni, 24, 67-82.
  • Lapidus, I. M., Ayyıldızoğlu, M., & Aktay, Y. (2010). İslam Toplumları Tarihi Cilt 2: 19 Yüzyıldan Günümüze (5. bs, C. 2). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Larousse, É. (t.y.). Définitions: Baraka - Dictionnaire de français Larousse. https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/baraka/7906 (Erişim Tarihi: 31 Mayıs 2023).
  • Le Maroc compte 50.000 mosquées dont le budget est de 2 milliards de DH/an. (2014, Aralık 1). Médias24. https://medias24.com/2014/12/01/le-maroc-compte-50-000-mosquees-dont-le-budget-est-de-2-milliards-de-dh-an/
  • L’« exception marocaine » dans le contexte des soulèvements arabes. (t.y.). IRIS. https://www.iris-france.org/43267-l-exception-marocaine-dans-le-contexte-des-soulevements-arabes/ (Erişim Tarihi: 03 Haziran 2023).
  • Miller, S. G. (2013). A History of Modern Morocco. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139045834
  • Rollinde, M. (2004). L’alternance démocratique au Maroc: Une porte entrouverte. Confluences Mediterranee, N°51(4), 57-67.
  • Saghi, O. (2012). Une exception marocaine ? Les Cahiers de l’Orient, 107(3), 151-153. https://doi.org/10.3917/lcdlo.107.0151
  • Soage, A. (2013). Political Islam in Morocco: Is there an ‘exception marocaine’? Middle East Review of International Affairs, 17, 1-8.
  • Tozy, M. (1999). Monarchie Et Islam Politique Au Maroc, Édition Française (2e éd. suivie d'une postface édition). Les Presses de Sciences Po.
  • Tozy, M. (2009). L’évolution du champ religieux marocain au défi de la mondialisation. Revue internationale de politique comparee, Vol. 16(1), 63-81.
  • Tozy, M. (2013a). 5. Des oulémas frondeurs à la bureaucratie du « croire ». Les péripéties d’une restructuration annoncée du champ religieux au Maroc: İçinde La bureaucratisation néolibérale (ss. 129-154). La Découverte. https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.hibou.2013.01.0129
  • Vermeren, P. (2016a). II. Mohammed V et l’Istiqlâl (1956-1961): C. 5e éd (ss. 20-31). La Découverte. https://www.cairn.info/histoire-du-maroc-depuis-l-independance--9782707190659-p-20.htm
  • Vermeren, P. (2016b). VI. D’Ahmed Dlimi à Driss Basri, le Maroc des « années de plomb » (1975-1990): C. 5e éd (ss. 69-85). La Découverte. https://www.cairn.info/histoire-du-maroc-depuis-l-independance--9782707190659-p-69.htm
  • Wainscott, A. M. (2018). Bureaucratizing Islam: Morocco and the War on Terror. Cambridge University Press.
  • Wyrtzen, J. (2015). Making Morocco: Colonial intervention and the politics of identity. Cornell University Press.
  • Wyrtzen, J. D. (2009). Constructing Morocco: The colonial struggle to define the nation 1912-1956 [Thesis, Georgetown University]. Içinde Dept. Of History, Doctoral dissertations, 2009. https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553117
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Burak Yetimoğlu 0000-0001-5603-3643

Early Pub Date September 29, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Acceptance Date August 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Yetimoğlu, B. (2023). Fas Krallığında Dinin Kurumsallaşması: Yüksek Âlimler Konseyi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(Afrika), 88-101. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1311042

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