Investigation of the Effect of Tourism, Gdp and Renewable Energy on Co2 Emissions in the 30 Top Tourıst Attractive Countries

Abstract

Tourism produces approximately 5% of global CO2 emissions. The projected growth in the tourism sector and the resulting increase in emissions are expected to pose significant challenges for the environment and sustainable tourism. Therefore, a good understanding of the relationship between tourism, GDP, energy consumption and CO2 emissions is very important for sustainable tourism and sustainable development. Considering this importance, the current study aims to analyze the potential effects of the mentioned variables on CO2 emissions using 2020 data for the 30 most visited countries for which income, renewable energy consumption and tourism data are available. For this purpose, Robust Regression Analysis, which is robust to outlier observations, was used and the analysis was implemented using the R programming language. In Robust Regression Analysis, CO2 emission is dependent variable; gross domestic product per capita, renewable energy consumption and the number of tourist arrivals were used as independent variables. According to the results of robust regression analysis, the Russian Federation and the United Arab Emirates were found to be outliers. While the relationship between gross domestic product per capita and CO2 emissions is positive; The relationship between renewable energy consumption, the number of tourist arrivals and CO2 emissions has been found to be negative. All these independent variables were found to be statistically significant at the 5% significance level. Empirical evidence shows that tourist arrivals and renewable energy consumption are important variables in reducing CO2 emissions.

Keywords

• CO2 emissions
• renewable energy
• tourism
• economic growth
• Robust regression

En Çok Turist Çeken 30 Ülkede Turizm, GSYİH ve Yenilenebilir Enerjinin CO2 Emisyonları Üzerindeki Etkisinin Araştırılması

Öz

Turizm, küresel CO2 emisyonlarının yaklaşık %5'ini üretmektedir. Turizm sektöründe öngörülen büyümenin ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan emisyon artışının çevre ve sürdürülebilir turizm açısından önemli zorluklar oluşturması beklenmektedir. Bu nedenle turizm, GSYİH, enerji tüketimi ve CO2 emisyonları arasındaki ilişkinin iyi anlaşılması, sürdürülebilir turizm ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma açısından çok önemlidir. Bu önem göz önüne alındığında, mevcut çalışma gelir, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve turizm verilerine ulaşılabilen en çok ziyaret edilen 30 ülke için 2020 yılı verileri kullanılarak bahsedilen değişkenlerin CO2 emisyonları üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak aykırı değerlere karşı dirençli olan Robust Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır ve analiz R programlama dili kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Robust Regresyon Analizinde CO2 emisyonu bağımlı; kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve gelen turist sayısı bağımsız değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Robust regresyon analizi sonucuna göre Rusya Federasyonu ve Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri’nin aykırı değer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla ile CO2 emisyonları arasındaki ilişki pozitif iken; yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve gelen turist sayısı ile CO2 emisyonları arasındaki ilişki negatif yönlü olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bu bağımsız değişkenler %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Ampirik kanıtlar, gelen turist sayısının ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin CO2 emisyonlarının azaltılmasında önemli değişkenler olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CO2 emisyonu
• yenilenebilir enerji
• turizm
• ekonomik büyüme
• Robust regresyon

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