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Anxiety Disorders: Emotions, Emotion Regulation and Treatment Methods

Year 2024, , 755 - 767, 30.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1507666

Abstract

We experience many emotions in daily life and these emotions play a vital role in many areas of life. While these emotions are mostly normal and functional, excessive, intense and prolonged emotions can seriously damage the functionality of the person. When we take a look at the list of disorders under the title of anxiety disorders, it is seen that emotional processes have a significant effect in each of these areas. However, contrary to popular belief, it is known that not only some core emotions such as anxiety and fear, but also disgust, anger, guilt and shame have a role to be considered. In this study, the role of these emotions and emotion regulation skills in anxiety disorders is discussed. Subsequently, how Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Metacognitive therapy address emotions in psychotherapy when working with anxiety disorders is briefly mentioned. This study is intended to provide a basis for a better understanding of the role of emotions in psychotherapy and to offer new perspectives for studies in this field.

References

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  • Barlow, D. H. (1991). Disorders of emotion. Psychological inquiry, 2(1), 58-71.
  • Beesdo, K., Knappe, S., & Pine, D. S. (2009). Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatric Clinics, 32(3), 483-524.
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  • Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2012). Fear of emotions, experiential avoidance, and intolerance of uncertainty in worry and generalized anxiety disorder. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(1), 1-17.
  • Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A. & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour research and therapy, 44(9), 1251-1263.
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  • Clark, D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour research and therapy, 24(4), 461-470.
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  • D’Avanzato, C., Joormann, J., Siemer, M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2013). Emotion regulation in depression and anxiety: examining diagnostic specificity and stability of strategy use. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(5), 968-980.
  • De Jong, P. J., & Muris, P. (2002). Spider phobia: Interaction of disgust and perceived likelihood of involuntary physical contact. Journal of anxiety disorders, 16(1), 51-65.
  • Deacon, B., & Abramowitz, J. (2006). Anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions across the anxiety disorders. Journal of anxiety disorders, 20(7), 837-857.
  • Dennis, T. A. (2007). Interactions between emotion regulation strategies and affective style: Implications for trait anxiety versus depressed mood. Motivation and Emotion, 31(3), 200-207.
  • Deschênes, S. S., Dugas, M. J., Fracalanza, K., & Koerner, N. (2012). The role of anger in generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(3), 261-271.
  • DiMauro, J., Domingues, J., Fernandez, G., & Tolin, D. F. (2013). Long-term effectiveness of CBT for anxiety disorders in an adult outpatient clinic sample: A follow-up study. Behaviour research and therapy, 51(2), 82-86.
  • Dymond, S., Dunsmoor, J. E., Vervliet, B., Roche, B., & Hermans, D. (2015). Fear generalization in humans: systematic review and implications for anxiety disorder research. Behavior therapy, 46(5), 561-582.
  • Eftekhari, A., Zoellner, L. A. & Vigil, S. A. (2009). Patterns of emotion regulation and psychopathology. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 22(5), 571-586.
  • Eng, W., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., & Safren, S. A. (2005). Domains of life satisfaction in social anxiety disorder: Relation to symptoms and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of anxiety disorders, 19(2), 143-156.
  • Erwin, B. A., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2003). Anger experience and expression in social anxiety disorder: Pretreatment profile and predictors of attrition and response to cognitive-behavioral treatment. Behavior Therapy, 34(3), 331-350.
  • Esala, J. J., & Del Rosso, J. (2020). Emotions into disorder: Anxiety disorders and the social meaning of fear. Symbolic Interaction, 43(2), 235-256.
  • Fehm, L., Beesdo, K., Jacobi, F., & Fiedler, A. (2008). Social anxiety disorder above and below the diagnostic threshold: prevalence, comorbidity and impairment in the general population. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 43(4), 257-265.
  • Fergus, T. A., Valentiner, D. P., McGrath, P. B., & Jencius, S. (2010). Shame-and guilt-proneness: Relationships with anxiety disorder symptoms in a clinical sample. Journal of anxiety disorders, 24(8), 811-815.
  • Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior modification, 31(6), 772-799.
  • Fracalanza, K., Koerner, N., Deschênes, S. S., & Dugas, M. J. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relation between generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and anger. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 43(2), 122-132.
  • Francis, G., Last, C. G., & Strauss, C. C. (1987). Expression of separation anxiety disorder: The roles of age and gender. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 18(2), 82-89.
  • Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry?. Personality and individual differences, 17(6), 791-802.
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  • Gross, J. J. (Ed.). (2014). Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford publications.
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Kaygı Bozuklukları: Duygular, Duygu Düzenleme ve Tedavi Yöntemleri

Year 2024, , 755 - 767, 30.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1507666

Abstract

Gündelik hayatta birçok duygu deneyimleriz ve bu duygular hayatın birçok alanda hayati role sahiptir. Bu duygular çoğunlukla normal ve işlevsel olurken aşırı, yoğun ve uzun süreli deneyimlenen duygular kişinin işlevselliğini ciddi ölçüde zedeleyebilmektedir. Kaygı bozuklukları üst başlığı altında ele alınan bozukluk listesine göz gezdirdiğimizde bu alanların her birinde duyguyla ilişkili süreçlerin önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak sanılanın aksine yalnızca kaygı ve korku gibi temel duygular değil aynı zamanda tiksinti, öfke, suçluluk ve utanç gibi duyguların da dikkate alınması gereken bir role sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada bahsi geçen duyguların ve duygu düzenleme süreçlerinin kaygı bozukluklarındaki rolü tartışılmıştır. Akabinde Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi, Kabul ve Kararlılık Terapisi ve Metakognitif terapilerin kaygı bozukluğu ile çalışırken psikoterapide duyguları nasıl ele aldıklarına kısaca değinilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın psikoterapide duyguların rolünün daha iyi anlaşılması için bir temel oluşturması ve bu alandaki çalışmalar için yeni bakış açıları sunması amaçlanmaktadır.

References

  • Albano, A. M., & Krain, A. (2005). Anxiety and anxiety disorders in girls. In Handbook of behavioral and emotional problems in girls (pp. 79-116). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review, 30(2), 217-237.
  • Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2010). Interpersonal processes in social anxiety disorder. In Interpersonal Processes in the Anxiety Disorders: Implications for understanding psychopathology and treatment. (pp. 125-152). American Psychological Association.
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Arlington, VA, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Amstadter, A. (2008). Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders. Journal of anxiety disorders, 22(2), 211-221.
  • Barlow, D. H. (1991). Disorders of emotion. Psychological inquiry, 2(1), 58-71.
  • Beesdo, K., Knappe, S., & Pine, D. S. (2009). Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatric Clinics, 32(3), 483-524.
  • Brown, R. A., Kahler, C. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Lejuez, C. W., & Ramsey, S. E. (2001). Anxiety sensitivity: Relationship to negative affect smoking and smoking cessation in smokers with past major depressive disorder. Addictive behaviors, 26(6), 887-899.
  • Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2009). The role of fear of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty in worry: An experimental manipulation. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(3), 215-223.
  • Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2012). Fear of emotions, experiential avoidance, and intolerance of uncertainty in worry and generalized anxiety disorder. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5(1), 1-17.
  • Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A. & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour research and therapy, 44(9), 1251-1263.
  • Chambless, D. L., & Gracely, E. J. (1989). Fear of fear and the anxiety disorders. Cognitive therapy and research, 13(1), 9-20.
  • Chavira, D. A., Shipon-Blum, E., Hitchcock, C., Cohan, S., & Stein, M. B. (2007). Selective mutism and social anxiety disorder: all in the family?. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(11), 1464-1472.
  • Choy, Y., Fyer, A. J., & Lipsitz, J. D. (2007). Treatment of specific phobia in adults. Clinical psychology review, 27(3), 266-286.
  • Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., & Lohr, J. M. (2009). Disgust, fear, and the anxiety disorders: A critical review. Clinical psychology review, 29(1), 34-46.
  • Clark, D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour research and therapy, 24(4), 461-470.
  • Craske M. G. & Barlow D. H. (2014) Panic disorder and agoraphobia. In: Barlow D, editor. Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual (ss. 1-61). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • D’Avanzato, C., Joormann, J., Siemer, M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2013). Emotion regulation in depression and anxiety: examining diagnostic specificity and stability of strategy use. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(5), 968-980.
  • De Jong, P. J., & Muris, P. (2002). Spider phobia: Interaction of disgust and perceived likelihood of involuntary physical contact. Journal of anxiety disorders, 16(1), 51-65.
  • Deacon, B., & Abramowitz, J. (2006). Anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions across the anxiety disorders. Journal of anxiety disorders, 20(7), 837-857.
  • Dennis, T. A. (2007). Interactions between emotion regulation strategies and affective style: Implications for trait anxiety versus depressed mood. Motivation and Emotion, 31(3), 200-207.
  • Deschênes, S. S., Dugas, M. J., Fracalanza, K., & Koerner, N. (2012). The role of anger in generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(3), 261-271.
  • DiMauro, J., Domingues, J., Fernandez, G., & Tolin, D. F. (2013). Long-term effectiveness of CBT for anxiety disorders in an adult outpatient clinic sample: A follow-up study. Behaviour research and therapy, 51(2), 82-86.
  • Dymond, S., Dunsmoor, J. E., Vervliet, B., Roche, B., & Hermans, D. (2015). Fear generalization in humans: systematic review and implications for anxiety disorder research. Behavior therapy, 46(5), 561-582.
  • Eftekhari, A., Zoellner, L. A. & Vigil, S. A. (2009). Patterns of emotion regulation and psychopathology. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 22(5), 571-586.
  • Eng, W., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., & Safren, S. A. (2005). Domains of life satisfaction in social anxiety disorder: Relation to symptoms and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of anxiety disorders, 19(2), 143-156.
  • Erwin, B. A., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2003). Anger experience and expression in social anxiety disorder: Pretreatment profile and predictors of attrition and response to cognitive-behavioral treatment. Behavior Therapy, 34(3), 331-350.
  • Esala, J. J., & Del Rosso, J. (2020). Emotions into disorder: Anxiety disorders and the social meaning of fear. Symbolic Interaction, 43(2), 235-256.
  • Fehm, L., Beesdo, K., Jacobi, F., & Fiedler, A. (2008). Social anxiety disorder above and below the diagnostic threshold: prevalence, comorbidity and impairment in the general population. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 43(4), 257-265.
  • Fergus, T. A., Valentiner, D. P., McGrath, P. B., & Jencius, S. (2010). Shame-and guilt-proneness: Relationships with anxiety disorder symptoms in a clinical sample. Journal of anxiety disorders, 24(8), 811-815.
  • Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior modification, 31(6), 772-799.
  • Fracalanza, K., Koerner, N., Deschênes, S. S., & Dugas, M. J. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty mediates the relation between generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and anger. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 43(2), 122-132.
  • Francis, G., Last, C. G., & Strauss, C. C. (1987). Expression of separation anxiety disorder: The roles of age and gender. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 18(2), 82-89.
  • Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry?. Personality and individual differences, 17(6), 791-802.
  • Graham, B. M., & Milad, M. R. (2011). The study of fear extinction: implications for anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1255-1265.
  • Gross, J. J. & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (ss. 3-24). New York: Guilford.
  • Gross, J. J. & Muñoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 2(2), 151-164.
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Review of general psychology, 2(3), 271.
  • Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291.
  • Gross, J. J. (Ed.). (2014). Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford publications.
  • Halldorsdottir, T., & Ollendick, T. H. (2016). Long-term outcomes of brief, intensive CBT for specific phobias: The negative impact of ADHD symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(5), 465.
  • Hawkins, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2011). Anger problems across the anxiety disorders: findings from a population‐based study. Depression and anxiety, 28(2), 145-152.
  • Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior therapy, 35(4), 639-665.
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There are 86 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emotional Development
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Muhammed Seyid Raşid Bağçivan 0000-0001-6165-5535

Early Pub Date August 30, 2024
Publication Date August 30, 2024
Submission Date June 30, 2024
Acceptance Date August 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Bağçivan, M. S. R. (2024). Anxiety Disorders: Emotions, Emotion Regulation and Treatment Methods. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(2), 755-767. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1507666

Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.