Finansal Refahın Belirleyicileri: Finansal Tutum, Davranış ve Güvenin Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı tutum, davranış, güven gibi psikolojik faktörlerin finansal refah üzerindeki etkisinin veya etkilerinin bulunup-bulunmadığını incelemektir. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için Google form aracılığıyla tasarlanan anket Ocak 2025 ile Şubat 2025 tarihleri arasında 321 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Hipotezler kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (PLS-YEM) ile test edilmiştir. Çalışmada 9 hipotez test edilmiş, tüm hipotezler desteklenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerden finansal tutum, davranış ve güvenin finansal refahı anlamlı şekilde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Finansal davranıştaki bir birimlik artış, finansal refahta 0,361 birimlik artışa yol açmaktadır. Tasarruflarını kendi bilgi ve becerileriyle yönetme becerisine sahip olanlar ve finansal risklerle başa çıkma konusunda kendilerini yeterli hissedenlerin finansal refah düzeyleri daha yüksektir. Çalışmada gelecekle ilgili finansal planlamalar yapan, finansal bilgi edinme konusunda çaba harcayan kişinin finansal refahı diğerlerine göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte iç kontrol odağı yüksek bir kişinin, tasarruf etme ve yatırım yapma konularında daha fazla isteklidir. Bireyler yatırım sonrasında ortaya çıkacak durumların (kar veya zarar elde etme) şans, kader gibi etkenlerden değil, bireysel kararlardan kaynaklandığını düşünmektedir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre finansal güven, finansal tutum ve finansal davranış değişkenlerinin iç kontrol odağı ile finansal refah arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık etmektedir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların araştırmacılara ve bireysel yatırımcılara faydalar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Determinants of Financial Well-Being: The Role of Financial Attitudes, Behaviors, and Trust

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine whether psychological factors such as attitudes, behaviours and trust have an impact or effects on financial well-being. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire designed through Google form was administered to 321 respondents between January 2025 and February 2025. Hypotheses were tested with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). In the study, 9 hypotheses were tested and all hypotheses were supported. From the analyses, it is concluded that financial attitude, behaviour and trust have a significant effect on financial well-being. A one unit increase in financial behaviour leads to a 0.361 unit increase in financial well-being. Those who have the ability to manage their savings with their own knowledge and skills and those who feel competent in dealing with financial risks have higher levels of financial well-being. In the study, it was also concluded that those who make financial plans for the future and make efforts to obtain financial information have higher financial well-being than others. In addition, a person with a high internal locus of control is more willing to save and invest. Individuals think that the situations that will arise after the investment (profit or loss) are caused by individual decisions, not by factors such as luck and fate. According to the results of the analysis, financial confidence, financial attitude and financial behaviour variables mediate the relationship between internal locus of control and financial well-being. It is thought that the findings obtained from this study will provide benefits to researchers and individual investors.

Keywords

• Structural equation modelling
• mediation effect
• internal locus of control
• psychological factors
• financial well-being

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